Modern Social Science Research Articles

Preparation and Performance of AgNWs/PDMS Film-Based Flexible Strain Sensor.

Flexible strain sensors are widely used in the fields of personal electronic equipment and health monitoring to promote the rapid development of modern social science and technology. In this paper, silver nanowires (AgNWs) prepared via the polyol reduction method were used to construct a flexible strain sensor. The AgNWs/PDMS film was obtained by transfer printing using AgNWs as a conductive layer and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a flexible substrate. The morphology of AgNWs was characterized by SEM and TEM. The aspect ratio of the AgNWs was more than 700. The strain sensitivity factor of the sensor was 2.8757, with a good linear relationship between the resistance and the strain. Moreover, the strain sensor showed good response results in human activity monitoring and the LED lamp response test, which provides a new idea for the construction of flexible wearable devices.

ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ: ПРАКТИКИ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ

The article deals with the experience of preserving cultural heritage in the armed conflict in Ukraine and international cooperation in this field. The historical reconstruction of the legal protection of cultural heritage is carried out. It is indicated in the article that during the 19th century, international legal bases for the preservation of cultural heritage were actively developed. However, in the 20th century, two world wars brought significant destruction of cultural heritage by all parties of the conflict. And the optimism of the Europeans of the 19th century regarding a civilized attitude to cultural heritage was destroyed, although the work on the creation of international normative documents in the field continued and international organizations were founded that took care of cultural heritage. In the 21st century, the previous trends persist. Such reconstruction can become the context for the Ukrainian situation. To clarify it, the method of situational analysis is used. The situations with the Hryhorii Skovoroda museum in the village of Skovorodinivka in the Kharkiv region and the Ivankiv Local History Museum unfold in time and space and focus the theoretical framework. In the article, the author addresses the problem of the biography of a place, which is relevant in modern social sciences and humanities. Despite objections to anthropomorphization, scholars emphasize the close link of places and human destinies there. Skovorodinivka ceases to be exclusively a place of memory of an outstanding Ukrainian philosopher and becomes evidence of the attitude towards the object of cultural heritage in the current war. The article shows that in Ukraine today, the war is blurring the "battlefield" and military actions are spreading to the territory where the civilian population and cultural heritage sites are located. The striking difference in the attitude towards the cultural heritage of mankind during the military conflicts of the optimistic modern XIX and the postmodernist relativistic XX centuries illustrates the loss of position by modern phenomena. The situation with the Hryhorii Skovoroda museum testifies that today international aid comes for the preservation of the destroyed cultural artifacts. International cooperation is also essential in the issue of digitizing the cultural heritage of Ukraine and creating conditions for its preservation. The article indicates the initiatives of SUCHO (Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online) and the Vasa Museum, Stockholm, on this path

On the Typology of Social Amnesia

The purpose of the article is to clarify the concept of social amnesia, which often does not differ in modern research works from other manifestations of social forgetfulness. The author offers a general typology of this phenomenon, based on the conceptual distinctions introduced by T.Parsons and D.Easton. These refer to the difference between a social system and an actor, on the one hand, and the difference between a social group and grouping, on the other. Accordingly, the author identifies three types of social amnesia: systemic, structural, and actor one. The article draws attention to the difficulties of conceptualizing actor and structural amnesia, since they are often mixed with organized (prescribed) oblivion or the pragmatics of forgetting, complementing the process of memorization. To clarify these points, the author turns to the experience of studying the amnesic effects generated by the totalitarian organization of oblivion. To this end, the article analyzes the understanding of totalitarian amnesia in the artistic images of George Orwell, as well as in the concepts of Hannah Arendt that are consonant with them. The author emphasizes that the totalitarian “neuro-linguistic politics of memory” gives rise to amnesic effects regarding the past primarily in its living witnesses, and not only in future generations. Further, the author clarifies the concept of structural amnesia, which has received a contradictory interpretation in modern social sciences and humanities. In this regard, the article discusses the significant role of structural amnesia in the destruction but also in the formation of social identities. Based on the cases presented in the scientific studies to this topic, the author raises the question of the specifics of structural amnesia as an effect of social modernization and high mobility in the formation of national identities at micro- and macro-level.

Культура старения в современной темпоральности: дискурс социального служения

The article explores the socio-gerontological concept of the culture of aging within the framework of temporality as Lifetime, opportunities and obstacles to longevity in modern culture. The third age as a factor in the life of the elderly cohort in the traditions of classical and modern social science is analyzed. It is concluded that modern global population aging is the most important demographic factor and cultural trend, encouraging the scientific community to search for sociocultural positions and social agency in solving the problems of modern society.

Диалектика обращения капитала в контексте эволюционной динамики экономических систем

Introduction: the article reflects the author’s vision of solving an urgent problem for modern social sciences – a systematic representation of the dialectics of capital circulation in the context of the evolutionary dynamics of economic systems. Aims: to research and systematize the main provisions of capital circulation dialectics in the context of the evolutionary dynamics of economic systems in different phase states of their existence. The set aim makes it possible to present the ontology of the research object, and to prevent distortion towards solving local scientific problems, without considering causal connections during development. Methods: the article is written in a descriptive key, relying on the cognitive potential of the dialectical system-historical method, supplemented by individual elements of the formation approach and the theory of capital circulation. Results: the work presents a system of arguments proving that to derive the process of capital circulation in relation to various phases of the evolutionary dynamics of the capitalist system is possible using the cognitive potential of the dialectical system-historical method, supplemented by certain elements of the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete. Specific features of capital circulation process within the framework of the phase dynamics of the capitalist system evolution have been highlighted. It is argued that capitalism, as a system, has a limited resource of its being, and develops in the form of a logical chain: “the genesis of the system – the development of the system based on the deepening division of labor – the growth of individual risks – the expansion of markets – the single global market – the halt of development – the decline of the system”. Conclusions: the results systematized in this article in the future may become the scientific and methodological basis for future research works devoted to the systematic representation of the dialectic of capital in the context of the evolutionary dynamics of economic systems.

Ethical Theoretical Reflections on Social Media: Place of the Human Being in the Digital Space

Raises the problem of ethics in interpersonal relations on the Internet. The ontological difference between digital cyberspace from the real world is emphasized and the corresponding conceptual constructions of modern thinkers are derived. Relevant questions of modern philosophy are substantiated - whether there are some specific ethical relations in cyberspace, which arise directly on the Internet, how they are possible, and how they can be regulated. As a theoretical and methodological basis for answering these questions, presents Levinas’ ideas regarding ethical thinking and the principles of “real” meetings on the Internet: for-the-other , face-to-face , and existent-beyond-Being . In this context, Levinas’ conception of interpersonal and ethical relations in digital reality and the role of the Other in these relations are examined. The idea of the Other as a subject being outside, but for whom the user of the Internet is responsible, is disclosed. This type of responsibility, according to Levinas, is an ethical norm. The article shows the phenomenon of augmented reality as a type of hybrid reality, which is formed with the help of digital technology. Augmented reality superimposes virtual images on the real world so that both parties interact with each other. It is emphasized that in modern social science augmented reality technology is seen as blurring the boundaries of virtual and real, as well as true and false. The concepts of Bill Persky, Nicholas Negroponte, and Marc Prensky on digital communication and the impact of cyberspace on humans are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the construction of so-called primordial ethical relationships on the Internet. An important place here is occupied by D. Barney’s theory, aimed at studying the impact of the technical characteristics of network technologies on the social interaction of people. His idea of building qualitatively new interpersonal relationships in the digital environment is emphasized. The characteristic of the virtual environment as a space without response and one-way communication is noted. In this regard, the concept of N. Luhmann about the construction employing mass media of a special illusory, symbolic space, which modern man perceives as objective reality, is substantiated. The problem of obtaining truth and objective knowledge-information is derived.

Советский Союз как империя: к вопросу о политико-правовой природе территориального устройства СССР

Introduction: despite the fact that the modern Russian Federation is the legal successor of the USSR and historically has grown out of it, the necessary theoretical analysis of the Soviet statehood does not occur in modern social sciences. This also applies to the problem of the political and territorial structure of the Soviet Union, about the form of which there is a significant range of opinions in the literature, often diametrically opposed. The subject of the paper is to find the most accurate methods of studying the nature of the territorial organization of the Soviet state, and its purpose is to determine on this basis an adequate state form of the USSR. Methods: the methodological framework for the work is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the dialectical and historical-legal methods and the civilizational approach are of key importance in the systematic analysis of the basic conditions of education and trends in the evolution of the Soviet statehood. The results of the study show that when searching for the optimal model of the state form, especially in a revolutionary situation, it is impossible to dogmatically oppose democracy to dictatorship, unitarianism to federalism, centralization to autonomy, etc., which was well demonstrated by the leadership of the Bolshevik Party by creating an updated version of the giant Eurasian (Russian) continental empire of the socialist type. Conclusions: the Soviet Union possessed a sufficient set of political and legal features that allow it to be attributed to empires. Therefore, looking in many external parameters as a historical break with the St. Petersburg Empire, the Soviet state that replaced it, from the point of view of the logic of Russian history and its political and legal content, was a necessary link in the evolution of the Russian statehood, representing a completely natural phase of its development and having at its core an imperial geopolitical nature, genetically characteristic of the Russian civilization.

Application of Cross-National Comparative Research Design in Medical and Nursing Education

AbstractIt is impossible to think without making comparisons. In the absence of comparison, all scientific inquiry and investigation is meaningless. Comparison has a significant history in the study of human science, history, and culture. Comparative study in the subject of social theory may be seen since ancient Greek, and this unbroken history was only strengthened as time has elapsed. Comparison research is a process of determining and quantifying correlations between two or more variables by studying various groups that are subjected to various treatments, either by decision or by circumstances. A comparative analysis compares two or more similar groups, individuals, or conditions to arrive at a conclusion. Due to the result of ongoing processes such as the massive expansion in telecommunications, technical breakthroughs, and the inherent amplification of globalization trends, comparative research, particularly cross-national comparison, has received much interest lately. As a result, instances of comparative techniques may be found throughout the modern social sciences, health sciences, and humanities. Researchers have compared cases to each other, use statistical techniques to establish quantitative comparisons, compare cases to theoretically produce results, and compare case values on important factors to actual rates to examine co-variation.

THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT AND ITS IDEOLOGY: THE BEGINNING OF THE ERA OF SOCIAL MANIPULATION

This article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the influence of the era and the ideology of the Enlightenment on the vital activity of the Western European great culture and the modern world. From a conservative position, within the framework of a civilizational approach, the author considers the regularity of their formation in the process of development of the Western European great culture, and also analyzes the consequences that they had, both for Western European culture and for all mankind as a whole, especially for the scientific sphere of life. The Age of Enlightenment, according to the author, was associated with active penetration into science, into the educational system of the ideology of the Enlight-enment, and, accordingly, the introduction of various manipulative techniques and practices into them. Naturally, this circumstance had the most negative impact on the quality and objectivity of assessments of various kinds of state-legal, socio-political and historical phenomena and processes, naturally plunging these branches of knowledge into a severe crisis state. The excessive ideologization of modern social sciences and the humanities, including the ideologemes of the Enlightenment (as well as the ideologemes of Marxism and neoliberalism growing from them), make this issue an extremely relevant area of modern sociological research, and overcoming these negative consequences of this era and its ideology is a challenge for modern scientific thought, systems of secondary and higher education, as well as the subsequent successful development of modern Russian society and the state. The author of the article makes a special emphasis on the analysis of the key provisions of the ideology of the Enlightenment, as well as the results of the propaganda of the ideology of the Enlightenment, which marked the beginning of the era of manipulation and the active implementation of large-scale social manipulative projects in relation to significant human communities, entire cultural regions, its special role in the implementation of the Great French Revolution and the formation anti-systemic mindset.

CHILDHOOD IN THE DISCOURSE OF HUMANITARIAN STUDIES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTERY

The aim of the study is to analyze the modern scientific discourse of research on childhood problems. The article examines the peculiarities of the interpretation of the phenomenon of childhood at the turn of the century. It has been established that modern researchers of childhood interpret it mostly through traditional academic discourses, which consist in the division of childhood between psychology, sociology and anthropology. The peculiarities of the interdisciplinary approach in the process of childhood research are revealed, which refers to the integrated methodology of studying problems related to the life of children and their protection, which, in its turn, forms the modern interpretation of "the child in context". This vision of childhood allows us to consider it as one of the priorities of state policy in many countries of the world. The research substantiates the idea that the problem of childhood in modern social sciences is quite often defined as a direction that largely consists in traditional theorizing and recognition of a large number of means of social construction and reconstruction of childhood, depending on time and place, age and gender, ethnic and religious differences, etc. The concept of "child", which refers to an "immature" personality, has been studied; at the same time, the concept of "childhood" is more general and abstract and indicates the status of those who are called minors. In particular, it is outlined that adulthood can be defined through physical or sexual maturity, sometimes through legal capacity. We can state that the term "childhood" focuses mainly on the child's state of being, without having to do with an individual child; it assumes the existence of a distinct, separate, fundamentally different social category – "childhood". However, the most difficult task remains to find out to what extent critical stages of social life, changes and trends belong to the research field and academic discourse of childhood and how much they reflect and characterize the patterns of development of social sciences, as well as paradigmatic changes in pedagogy.

Linguistic and cultural identity: epistemological review

The article is intended to analyze and review the current state of "identity" as the category in modern social science. The main objective of the survey is to specify and position the term "identity" within the epistemological space of the concepts of "language", "culture", "personality" in line with the dominant ideas of the social science. The purpose of the article is to outline and analyze the research into the concepts of "identity" and "linguistic identity" in the humanities and, particularly, in linguistics. An attempt is made to comprehend the epistemological foundations of a new linguistic identity. Modern scientific trends are viewed in terms of content oriented linguistics and cognitive science. The interdisciplinary potential of epistemology is considered crucial for modern linguistic and ethnolinguistic studies. Among the approaches to the study of identity are those of Shaposhnikova, Karasik, Kristeva, Charaudeau, Block, Pruvost and Paul-Laurent, Salimi and Abedi, Hentschel, Lagarde. It was found that behavior patterns, modal and nominative ways of reflecting reality are ethnically determined via language as well as the preferences of the communicating individual in accordance with the logic, semantics and pragmatics of discourse. The main idea of the article is that linguistic identity is, first of all, ethnolinguistic identity. In this perspective, linguistic identity is not a purely national category, but rather a mental representation, a way of thinking, a specific weltanschauung. In any case, what we are talking about is the selection of the optimal linguistic continuum within which individuals acts and identify themselves as personalities. The prospects for the application of the methodology of dominant identification tools in any type of language are outlined. Suggestions are made about the possibility of building up a new mainstream trend of study considering identity as an ethnolinguistic entity in terms of cognitive and discourse analyses.

총설] 한국 근·현대사를 바라보는 세밀한 시선과 담론의 좌표

In this issue of Journal of History , modern and contemporary Korean history research trends published in 2020-2021 were reviewed. During this period, researches on Korean history covering the modern and contemporary period increased quantitatively by 11.5% of papers and 24.8% of books compared to the previous two years. The keywords of the research trends for each period focused on Complex space-time, colonial society, and resisting subjects of modern society. Among them, I pointed out the mass-production of personal biographies of the King Gojong period, criticism on the March 1 Revolution theory, the origins of modern social science, and the current state of oral research on the victims of the Korean War.BR Regarding historiographic discourses, criticism of the modern long-term continuity theory in Korea and new issues on the division between North and South Korea were reviewed. Here, I pointed out that the conflict between landlords and farmers in the late Joseon Dynasty and the task of modern land reform should be included. In addition, I argued that the provision of an alternative system for the division of North and South Korea and understanding of the separation of the Korean people should be regarded as “today’s problems.” In the conclusion, I emphasized the responsibility of historians to recognize the problems of digital history concerning the outlook of history and to set the coordinates of discourse in advance for the establishment of a significant discourse in human history.

ОРТА АЗИЯ ХАЛЫҚТАРЫНЫҢ ОТБАСЫ ЖӘНЕ НЕКЕ ҚАТЫНАСТАРЫНДАҒЫ СЫЙ АЛМАСУ ДӘСТҮРЛЕРІ (ХІХ ғ. ортасы мен ХХ ғ. басы)

The article pays special attention to the traditions of the exchange of gifts in family and marriage relations of the peoples of Central Asia, including the role of kalym and dowry. The authors showed the general similarity and differences in the exchange of gifts among the Kazakhs and the peoples of Central Asia. In the course of applying the comparative method, the works of researchers of the 19th-early 20th centuries were taken as a basis. The article deals in detail with the origin of the concept of "kalym," its composition, features of kalym among Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Turkmen and other peoples.Kalym, as well as the obligation of parents to give the girl a dowry, important customs that have survived to this day. Despite the fact that today traditions are being transformed, the ethnic groups under consideration are based on common values. Analysis of common ties in the system of exchange of gifts among Turkic peoples inhabiting Central Asia is considered as an urgent problem of modern social sciences. It also allows you to study the culture of the autochthonous peoples of this region on the basis of general principles.

Knowledge hegemonies and autonomous knowledge

With the emergence of the modern social sciences in the nineteenth century came recognition of the problem of knowledge imperialism both in the imperial centres and in the colonised world, understood to be inseparably tied up with the dominant orientation in knowledge production, Eurocentrism. This orientation is still held to dominate the various disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. While there is much consensus over this characterisation of the problem, the assumption that the central ideological problem in knowledge production is that of Eurocentrism is not sound. There are several other hegemonic orientations that affect knowledge production in the Third World, many of which predate the colonial period by centuries and have little to do with the colonial experience. These include androcentrism, traditionalism, culturalism, ethnonationalism and sectarianism. If this is true, then the task of decolonising knowledge is far from sufficient. For this reason, scholars in the Malay world speak of the need to generate autonomous knowledge – that is, knowledge that is autonomous from not only Eurocentric but also other hegemonic orientations. This article discusses the dominant hegemonic orientation in knowledge production in our times and the response to these in terms of the idea of autonomous knowledge.

Aesthetic Subjectification Through Ambivalent Play: Exploring a Ludic Theory of Popular Propaganda

Propaganda research was central to the coalescence of communication studies into a modern social science field in the early twentieth century. Positivist and behaviorist in its orientation, traditional propaganda research centers on questions of message and effect, brushing aside the culturally rich forms that propaganda assumes as well as the myriad ways in which subjects experience these forms on an aesthetic and sensorial level. This article endeavors to complement the message-and-effect-centric orientation by proposing a (re)turn toward the aesthetic dimension of propaganda, with a particular emphasis upon the nexus between propaganda and the concept of play. Drawing on observations from modern China, I venture a ludic theory of popular propaganda that captures the affective, non-discursive, and post-ideological dimensions of propaganda artifacts as well as subjects' aesthetic engagement with them. My intent in this article is to diversify the perspectives, approaches, and possibilities of propaganda research within the field of communication and media studies.

Multivocality as Practice of Critical Inquiry for Social Justice

Multivocality has been clearly and in detail present in social science reflection since the impact of the so-called linguistic turn and nowadays it has also presence in the qualitative inquiry current discussion. To explore how multivocality can be a practice of qualitative inquiry for social justice is the goal of this contribution. It is a global picture of epistemic violence that has subjugated knowledge and practices along with executing genocides and exterminations of otherness to build societies without social, epistemic, and cognitive justice that my goal is to unveil the horizon of modern social sciences to get a better understanding of the new ways of knowledge construction committed to the emancipation of those dominant hegemonic social practices that have made possible the existence of human misery and social, epistemic, and cognitive injustices. So, I will examine the concept of multivocality within social theory to bring it into play with the social justice, epistemic violence, and epistemicide contemporary discussions. Doing so will make its current position within qualitative inquiry practices more transparent. Putting rebellious, creative, poetic, performative, and subversive imaginations into play to discover another social order is what animates me now: building a world in which many worlds exist, building a world with multivoicedness and vari-voicedness inside; many voices without hierarchies or domination or extermination between them. In this paper I will try to delve into the background of our scientific and humanistic knowledge to understand our real political commitment to emancipation, freedom, and social and epistemic justice; however, I will only concentrate on what I assume are the consequences of applying Bakhtin’s concept of multivocality to qualitative research in its pursuit of social and epistemic justice.

Should Deliberative Democrats Eschew Modernist Social Science?

The empirical turn in the study of deliberative democracy raises a problem: deliberative democracy’s conceptual premises are in tension with those of the social scientific approaches often used to study it. If deliberation is to function as a source of political legitimacy, we must treat citizens as intentional agents capable of reasoning. In contrast, modernist social science characteristically employs forms of explanation that bypass intentionality. Deliberative democrats thus risk theoretical inconsistency when they attempt to study deliberation using the techniques of modernist social science. The danger is that when deliberative democrats rely on modernist social science, they at least implicitly reinforce a fallacious belief in expertise at the expense of a more dialogic and democratic ethos. The concepts and the practical aims of deliberative democracy seem, therefore, to require a more interpretive social science.

On The Mismatch Between The Form and Content of Modern Science in The Era of Digital Capitalism

Importance. The text is devoted to presenting the author's vision of the solution to a topical problem for modern social sciences – the representation of the dialectics of being of "transformed" forms based on the mismatch of form and content of science in the era of digital capitalism. Objectives. The research purpose is to investigate and systematize the main aspects of the theory of "transformed" forms in relation to science in the epoch of digital capitalism development which is based on the dissonance of form and content. Methods. The presented research is based on the cognitive potential of the dialectical method, the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, supplemented by some elements of the formational approach, which allowed to qualitatively determine and fix the systemic features and contradictions between the form and content of the modern sphere of science, as applied to the phase of being of digital capitalism.Results. The system of arguments that the contradictions between the form and content of the modern science sphere are nothing but a dialectical contradiction between the real and "transformed" form is given in the paper. In addition, the notions of "transformed" form and the "age of digital capitalism" are specified in relation to the stated subject of research. The main forms of "transformations" in the system of economic relations, as applied to the period of digital capitalism, are shown. Conclusions and Importance. The conclusion of the presented research systematizes the main results in relation to the solution of the stated goal, which in the future may become the scientific and methodological basis for subsequent research work on the evolution of complex weakly structured quasiobjects and macrosystems.

БАҚ-ының ҚОҒАМҒА ӘСЕР ЕТЕТІН КОММУНИКАЦИЯ МОДЕЛЬДЕРІ

Abstract. This article provides an overview of communication models that optimize at the scientific level the purpose and methods of communication of the communicator with the audience. At the same time, if possible, I will take into account how models are used (or are used) in communicative practice, how they are tested in public opinion and ordinary consciousness. The features of reflection of communication models in real communicative practice are also traced, taking into account the current socio-cultural space, social and political context. The study of scientific literature revealing the research topic allows us to identify several working groups. The works are devoted to the study of communication models, which are analyzed using various approaches: G. D. Lasswell (linear model). Here the author defines a "network" model of communication, represented by many communication trends; the concepts of behaviorism and neo-behaviorism of John B. Watson and C. Osgudt are widely known, in which the peculiarities of the influence of various speech signals on human reaction were studied; the concept of E. Noel-Neuman, interpreted as a "spiral of calm/silence"; T. With the help of Newcomb's interactionist model, it can be concluded that the relations between socio-psychological prerequisites are realized as a result of personal and social communication as subjects; dialogical model (T. M. Dridze). The author offers here a broad understanding of dialogue as "a meaningful connection based on the ability and desire to adequately interpret the communicative intentions of the communication partners of the subjects"; J. The Overton communication model called the "Overton Window" has the ability to manipulate public opinion by creating and distributing intermediate values and values over a long time, creating new values necessary for the communicator. The center of gravity and changes of global processes is always connected with the communication processes that are developing today in the global socio-cultural space. Indicators and catalysts of these processes are communication models, which at the scientific level legitimize one or another way of interaction of the communicator with the audience. Therefore, it is important for modern social science to assess the specific consequences that can initiate or initiate the spread of a particular model of communication in communicative practice. Keywords: communication model; communicator; audience; person; meaning; impact; manipulative technologies; dialogue; population; group; information; communicativeness; communication; circle; message; global process.

The Nation-Building Process: Historical Significance and Examples

In the article, the author explores the problem of nation-building, which is considered one of those processes that still require study in modern social and humanitarian science. In particular, the author determines the degree of study of the problem in modern science and its relevance, revealing the meaning of the concept of «nation-building». In addition, the researcher examines its theoretical problems and makes a comparative analysis. Also, in the main part of the article, the author examines their main features and nature, general trends and course, by reviewing historical examples of the nation-building process in world practice. The author investigated the peculiarities of the national construction of Kazakhstan. It also shows the historical significance of the problem of nation-building. As a result of the study, it was observed that the formation of a nation as a nation is carried out by a set of actions of the state for a certain purpose. The author investigated the peculiarities of the national construction of Kazakhstan. The author had the opportunity to delve deeper into the problem by performing a comparative analysis in the process of processing the data provided on the research problem. And by the method of generalization, he was able to distinguish the general trends of historical examples of nation-building. At the end of the article, based on the results obtained, the author offers his own final conclusions. The results of this work contribute to further research and scientific work related to nation-building in Kazakhstan.