Modern Perspective Research Articles

A modern day perspective on smoking in peripheral artery disease.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, poor functional status, and lower quality of life. Cigarette smoking is a major preventable risk factor for PAD and is strongly associated with a higher risk of disease progression, worse post-procedural outcomes, and increased healthcare utilization. The arterial narrowing due to atherosclerotic lesions in PAD leads to decreased perfusion to the limbs and can ultimately cause arterial obstruction and limb ischemia. Endothelial cell dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and arterial stiffness are among the key events during the development of atherogenesis. In this review, we discuss the benefits of smoking cessation among patients with PAD and the use of smoking cessation methods including pharmacological treatment. Given that smoking cessation interventions remain underutilized, we highlight the importance of incorporating smoking cessation treatments as part of the medical management of patients with PAD. Regulatory approaches to reduce the uptake of tobacco product use and support smoking cessation have the potential to reduce the burden of PAD.

"When the Beeping Stops, you Completely Freak Out" - How Acute Care Teams Experience and Use Technology

Technology use in acute care has so far been studied with a predominant focus on safety and efficiency rather than the experience of acute care staff. In the present paper, we report a qualitative study including 130 hours of participant observation on acute care teams and retrospective interviews with nine anesthesiologists on their experiences with technology. Our approach is theoretically guided by four modern HCI perspectives, namely psychological need satisfaction, activity theory, embodied interaction, and media equation theory. We analyzed the interview and observation data using a reflexive thematic analysis and identified four themes. Technology as necessary (evil) describes the pervasiveness of technology and how acute care teams depend on technology. While technology as second patient covers the additional load for anesthesiologists on a functional and emotional level, technology as problem solver and safety net highlights relieving aspects of technology use. Technology as artificial limb focuses on so-called transparent tools that extend the body and capabilities of users. We then discuss the identified themes concerning the previously presented theories. Based on our findings and theoretical perspectives, we report general insights for research and design in acute care, such as the benefits of mixed methods or the importance of the gut feelings of experts. Finally, we propose possible directions for future work, such as developing a UX questionnaire adapted to the context of safety-critical domains, such as acute care.

An integrable road to a perturbative plateau

As has been known since the 90s, there is an integrable structure underlying two-dimensional gravity theories. Recently, two-dimensional gravity theories have regained an enormous amount of attention, but now in relation with quantum chaos — superficially nothing like integrability. In this paper, we return to the roots and exploit the integrable structure underlying dilaton gravity theories to study a late time, large eSBH double scaled limit of the spectral form factor. In this limit, a novel cancellation due to the integrable structure ensures that at each genus g the spectral form factor grows like T2g+1, and that the sum over genera converges, realising a perturbative approach to the late-time plateau. Along the way, we clarify various aspects of this integrable structure. In particular, we explain the central role played by ribbon graphs, we discuss intersection theory, and we explain what the relations with dilaton gravity and matrix models are from a more modern holographic perspective.

PARTIAL COMPARATIVE METHODOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF TECHNICAL PERFECTION SAMPLES OF MINE CLEARING TOOLS (COMPLEXES)

With the beginning of the aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine in 2014, the territory of our country began to become a leader among the replaced countries of the world. The situation escalated with the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the russian federation in February 2022, and today’s Ukraine has become the country that is the most complicated in terms of explosive devices in the world. The enemy has been ignoring the requirements of international treaties and conventions regarding the prohibition of the use of certain types of mine weapons and uses the entire range of engineering ammunition available to him. One mine weapon is a major hazard from unexploded ordnance. In addition, during hostilities, one of the most difficult tasks is to provide military reconnaissance of the area for the presence of explosive objects, demining the area and passing through the changing fields of the enemy during the offensive. For the performance of these tasks, the staff structure of the engineering troops provides for appropriate units that are equipped with both equipment and hand-held reconnaissance and demining equipment. The protest and experience of the use of engineering units of the Defense Forces shows that the mentioned equipment, reconnaissance and demining are outdated, have low efficiency and do not meet the requirements for performing tasks of this type. At the same time, due to moral obsolescence and unsatisfactory state of means of exploration and mechanization, the manual method remains the main way of making passages in variable-explosive barriers. This method is extremely dangerous and contagious to the point of losing personnel.
 In order to eliminate (mitigate) the mentioned problems, research is being conducted on the development of modern perspective demining complexes, both manual and remote-control. There are questions about their evaluation according to the level of technical excellence and efficiency during research.
 The article offers one of the options for a partial method of comparative assessment of the level of technical perfection of samples of demining means (complexes) using methods of simulation modeling and a progressive standard. Assessment of the degree of compliance of alternatives to demining complexes is carried out by comparing them with a standard for which there is no state standard, and general requirements or quantitative indicators. Determining compliance with the requirements consists in comparing the comprehensive indicator of the evaluated alternatives of the demining complex with the comprehensive basic indicator.

Some independence results related to finite trees.

We investigate some concrete independence results for systems of reverse mathematics which emerge from monotonicity properties of number-theoretic functions. Natural properties of the less than or equal to relation with respect to sums of natural numbers lead to independence results for first-order Peano arithmetic. Natural properties of the less than or equal to relation with respect to sums and products of natural numbers lead to independence results for arithmetical transfinite recursion. By considering number-theoretic functions of arbitrary arities, we obtain independence results for systems beyond arithmetical transfinite recursion. We discuss how these embeddability relations are related to tree embeddability relations and we consider variants where the tree embeddability relation is not assumed to preserve infima. The findings of this paper are complementary to results on Kruskal-like theorems proved earlier by the first author. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

The uniform Kruskal theorem: between finite combinatorics and strong set existence.

The uniform Kruskal theorem extends the original result for trees to general recursive data types. As shown by Freund, Rathjen and Weiermann(Freund, Rathjen, Weiermann 2022 Adv. Math. 400, 108265 (doi:10.1016/j.aim.2022.108265)), it is equivalent to [Formula: see text]-comprehension, over [Formula: see text] with the ascending descending sequence principle ([Formula: see text]). This result provides a connection between finite combinatorics and abstract set existence. The present article sheds further light on this connection. Firstly, we show that the original Kruskal theorem is equivalent to the uniform version for data types that are finitely generated. Secondly, we prove a dichotomy result for a natural variant of the uniform Kruskal theorem. On the one hand, this variant still implies [Formula: see text]-comprehension over [Formula: see text] extended by the chain antichainprinciple ([Formula: see text]). On the other hand, it becomes weak when [Formula: see text] is removed from the base theory. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

The spectrum of [Formula: see text]-soundness.

We study the [Formula: see text]-soundness spectra of theories. Given a recursively enumerable extension [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is defined as the set of all 2-ptykes on which [Formula: see text] is correct about well foundedness. This is a measure of how close [Formula: see text] is to being [Formula: see text]-sound. We carry out a proof-theoretic classification of theories according to [Formula: see text], as well as a characterization of the sets of the form [Formula: see text]. Many of the results generalize to [Formula: see text] greater than 3. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

Ordinal analysis and the set existence property for intuitionistic set theories.

On account of being governed by constructive logic, intuitionistic theories [Formula: see text] often enjoy various existence properties. The most common is the numerical existence property (NEP). It entails that an existential theorem of [Formula: see text] of the form [Formula: see text] can be witnessed by a numeral [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] proves [Formula: see text]. While NEP holds almost universally for natural intuitionistic set theories, the general existence property (EP), i.e. the property of a theory that for every existential theorem, a provably definable witness can be found, is known to fail for some prominent intuitionistic set theories such as Intuitionistic Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (IZF) and constructive Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (CZF). Both of these theories are formalized with collection rather than replacement as the latter is often difficult to apply in an intuitionistic context because of the uniqueness requirement. In light of this, one is clearly tempted to single out collection as the culprit that stymies the EP in such theories. Beeson stated the following open problem: 'Does any reasonable set theory with collection have the existence property? and added in proof: The problem is still open for IZF with only bounded separation.' (Beeson. 1985 Foundations of constructive mathematics, p. 203. Berlin, Germany: Springer.) In this article, it is shown that IZF with bounded separation, that is, separation for formulas in which only bounded quantifiers of the forms [Formula: see text] are allowed, indeed has the EP. Moreover, it is also shown that CZF with the exponentiation axiom in place of the subset collection axiom has the EP. Crucially, in both cases, the proof involves a detour through ordinal analyses of infinitary systems of intuitionistic set theory, i.e. advanced techniques from proof theory. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

Weak set theories in foundational debates.

Perception of the relationship of the discipline of logic to other exact sciences changes with the years. No twentieth-century proposal for a single logical system that would support the whole of mathematics satisfied everyone, so weaker formal systems with applications in many different contexts are now sought, in mathematics, philosophy, computer science or elsewhere. As always, logicians help by asking such questions as 'Is this theory correct for the given context?' and 'Can it be used in other contexts?' The Introduction of this paper surveys the history of logic and its links to other scientific disciplines such as biology, economics, engineering and physics, and some details of current and future research projects are given. Then the very weak set theory PROVI is introduced and its support for the techniques of constructibility (Gödel 1935) and forcing (Cohen PJ 1963 The independence of the continuum hypothesis, I. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 50, 1143-1148. (doi:10.1073/pnas.50.6.1143)) is given in outline, full details being already in print. Relations with other known techniques are explored and developed. New results coming from the study of illfounded [Formula: see text]-models of PROVI and other systems are given; and new formal systems in the style of Quine (1937 Quine WV. 1936 Set-theoretic foundations for logic. J. Symb. Log. 1, 45-57. (doi:10.2307/2268548)) are described. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

Proof theory and non-smooth analysis.

We develop a general proof-theoretic framework for various classes of set-valued operators, including maximally as well as cyclically monotone and rectangular operators and we discuss a treatment for sums of set-valued operators [Formula: see text] in that context such that all of the previous fits into logical metatheorems on bound extractions. In particular, we introduce quantitative forms for [Formula: see text] being (weakly) uniformly rectangular with witnessing moduli. Based on this, we give quantitative forms of the Brezis-Haraux theorem that use such moduli as input. It turns out that a modulus for weak uniform rectangularity, which can be extracted even from non-effective proofs of rectangularity, is sufficient while the bound gets simpler in the case of a modulus for [Formula: see text] being uniform rectangular which can be extracted from semi-constructive proofs. We use our results to explain recent proof minings in the context of Bauschke's solution to the zero displacement conjecture and its extensions to other classes of functions than metric projections as instances of logical metatheorems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

On the decomposition of WKL!!

From the conceptual viewpoint, many mathematical propositions implicitly contain at least two kinds of principle. One is a logical principle such as the law-of-excluded-middle or De Morgan's law. Another is a function-existence principle. For both conceptual and practical reasons, it is an interesting enterprise to calibrate how amount of logical and function-existence principles are implicit in mathematical theorems and axioms. This is the topic of constructive reverse mathematics, which specifies necessary and sufficient axioms to prove each mathematical proposition constructively. In this paper, we decompose weak König's lemma with a uniqueness hypothesis [Formula: see text] by Moschovakis, into logical and function-existence principles in a recent framework of constructive reverse mathematics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

Classical consequences of constructive systems.

This is a survey of formal axiomatic systems for the three main varieties of constructive analysis, in a common language and with intuitionistic logic, which are as nearly as possible compatible with classical analysis and with one another. Classically sound consequences of principles of intuitionistic mathematics are emphasized. Compatibility with classical analysis is of two kinds. On the one hand, Bishop's constructive mathematics and a very substantial part of intuitionistic analysis are classically correct, sharing with constructive recursive mathematics a neutral subsystem adequate for recursive function theory and elementary real analysis. On the otherhand, each constructive system considered here is separately consistent with the negative interpretation of each of its classically sound subsystems, establishing internal compatibility with the classical context it is intended to refine. A possibly new criterion for the transposability of unique existential quantifiers and a recent theorem of Vafeiadou on the internal compatibility of classical and intuitionistic analysis are included. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

Metric fixed point theory and partial impredicativity.

We show that the Priess-Crampe & Ribenboim fixed point theorem is provable in [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we show that Caristi's fixed point theorem for both Baire and Borel functions is equivalent to the transfinite leftmost path principle, which falls strictly between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We also exhibit several weakenings of Caristi's theorem that are equivalent to [Formula: see text] and to [Formula: see text]. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

A Critical Review on Bandhyatva (Anovulation)

Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after one year of regular intercourse without the use of contraceptive. The difficulty to conceive or subfertility constitutes a major social and psychological burden amongst couples. Premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and endometrial polyps are all potential causes of female infertility, with ovulatory issues being the most common ones. Various factors including genetic disorders, advancing age, poor nutrition, environmental pollution, and increased stress in daily life, may all contribute to female infertility. Infertility is described as Bandhyatva in Ayurvedic literature. In Contemporary Science, treatment options mostly involve the use of hormone medications or injections, as well as Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). Ayurvedic treatment, on the other hand, comprises Nidana Parivarjana (removal of the cause), dietary control, Samshamana (pacificatory therapy), and Samshodhana (purification and cleansing). The aim of this study is to understand Bandhyatva along with Anovulation with Ayurveda and Modern Perspective.

Logics and admissible rules of constructive set theories.

We survey the logical structure of constructive set theories and point towards directions for future research. Moreover, we analyse the consequences of being extensible for the logical structure of a given constructive set theory. We finally provide examples of a number of set theories that are extensible. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern perspectives in Proof Theory'.

Modern perspectives in Proof Theory.

Modern perspectives in Proof Theory.

ChatGPT: Systematic Review, Applications, and Agenda for Multidisciplinary Research

ABSTRACT With the launch of text-based artificial Intelligence (AI) powered ChatGPT by OpenAI, the natural language processing method of communicating has been captivating the business world. Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has been making waves in diverse areas ranging from customer care to healthcare, education to automobiles, and the financial world to communication technology. This study presents the theoretical background, use of technology, and its applications in various business areas. The study aims to organize much talked about but less understood technological aspects from a modern technological disruption perspective and lays the agenda for multidisciplinary research. Furthermore, we present AI-powered chatbot applications and business use cases vis-à-vis the uncertainties of using technology. Finally, we conclude by stating our thoughts regarding the direction of technology so that ChatGPT could benefit the business world.

Õpetaja mälestuseks

The renowned philologist Nikita Tolstoi promoted revolutionary ideas not only in Russian but also in the worldwide Slavonic studies. He, together with Svetlana Tolstaia, established the Moscow school of ethnolinguistics, the methodology of which is becoming increasingly topical, covering novel themes, and the number of researchers working in this field in different countries grows year by year. The 100th birth anniversary of the academician instigated his disciples to review their mentor’s work in order to evaluate his scientific contribution from the perspective of modernity and to analyse the evolution of his ideas.

RECONSIDERATION OF KANGRA MINIATURE PAINTING FROM THE DESIGN PERSPECTIVE

The style of Kangra miniature paintings never ignores the necessity of intricate craftsmanship. The craft qualities in Kangra miniature painting are bringing new opportunities to be revived. Every intricate decorative pattern or motif of this style is a piece of innovative design and required to be analyzed and evaluated from a modern perspective. It has the potential to develop a language of modern Indian decorative design. Exploring the future possibilities of the crafts in Kangra miniature paintings is the prime objective of this research article. To understand design potentials practically in this style, the author had been trained under the traditional Kangra artists for two months in Kangra. The author has also observed the collaborative activities of NIFT Kangra with them. The fieldwork also included visits to the historical Kangra fort and temples where the original remains of traditional Kangra-style architectures, exteriors, and interior designs exist even today. The paper argues, design elements in such traditional art carry the idioms of the cultural identity of a community. The patterns and motifs of the Kangra style carry the Indian idioms of design. It requires more attention from the perspective of Cultural Sustainability.

Traditional and Modern Perspectives in Agricultural Extension Practice in Nigeria

Access to appropriate and timely agricultural extension services has remained an enduring input in the alleviation of rural poverty. A pluralistic approach to agricultural extension services by government, farmer-based organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and active participants in the agricultural value chain will help facilitate the needed advisory services in order to achieve improvement in livelihoods and reduce vulnerability. The exponential growth rate resulting in a population explosion, fast-rising vagaries in technology use, heightened increase in livelihood vulnerabilities and the impact of climate change; have further mandated the need for a holistic and urgent review of the method of extension service delivery. The training and visit system, on-farm visits, village meetings, pilot projects, farmer's field schools, and model villages are among the long-standing public extension approaches. In view of the foregoing, there is now an urgent need to appraise both the existing traditional and emerging modern methods. This article, therefore, reviewed and compared the two methods to see the possibility of blending the two so as to attain an improvement in livelihoods and national development. Therefore, the study recommends a decentralization of the mode of operation of agricultural extension according to farmers' needs for development in order to ensure sustainability and attain national development.