Modern Models Research Articles

РИЗИКИ В УПРАВЛІННІ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The purpose of the work is to identify the essence of personnel management risk, with a focus on its components and their impact on enterprise development goals. Risk arises from conducting business in conditions of uncertainty. It has been established that risks in personnel management are difficult to identify and assess, as they are associated with human resources, which are based on personal essence. Hence, two problems arise. Firstly, risk increases the complexity of evaluating the consequences of decisions made. Secondly, risk in personnel management at the conceptual level affects potential effectiveness. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use the term "uncertainty" in personnel management instead of the concept of risk. A person making decisions regarding human resource management in conditions of wartime economy deals with uncertainty, not risk. It is proven that uncertainty and risk are functions of such factors as the quantity and quality of information available to management personnel, and the variability of conditions for implementing personnel decisions. Two main approaches to defining the determinants of decision-making success by managers are distinguished. The first relates to factors influencing task execution, and the second to personal factors. It is argued that in the field of human resource management, the level of risk depends on the subjective perception of risk by personnel. Considering the attitude toward risk of the decision-maker, three main types of behavior are identified: risk-prone, risk-averse, and risk-neutral. Identifying the purpose of personnel activity is related to the formation of enterprise development strategy and the development of prospective human resource management plans. The purpose directs the will of the employee and determines the future outcome. Personal (individual) goals are defined in the form of a postulate or model. The purpose of HR activity based on both traditional and modern human resource management models is identified. Managers in conditions of wartime economy make decisions based on external data over which they have limited control. Therefore, their attention should be focused on an environment unfavorable for making personnel decisions.

MODERNITY: THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTUALISATION

The article off ers an exposition of the philosophical problematization of modernity. The author consid-ers three possible models for the thematization of modernity in the perspective of the Kantian formulation of the problem: 1) ontological, associated with the project of M. Heidegger, where the question of the historical time of modernity is pushed into the background, while the question of temporality of human existence. At the same time, the question of modernity becomes universal and must be eliminated in the future; 2) anthropological, which con-sists in preserving the pragmatic perspective of considering a person, which implies a rejection of ontology, but opens up prospects for the development of the humanities. Here the question of modernity is not eliminated, but is transferred to the fi eld of historical epistemology; 3) postmodernist, associated with the elimination of the question of man, where modernity again appears as a unique event, but left in the past. The author records the insuffi ciency of both projects for the revival of metaphysics and programs for creating traumatic history, which equally reproduce the anthropological confi guration of philosophy, and concludes that it is necessary to develop a new model of modernity — an aesthetic one.

Automatic determination of semantic similarity of student answers with the standard one using modern models

Automatic determination of semantic similarity of student answers with the standard one using modern models

Research on the Reconstruction Method of Old Houses in Mindong, Republic of China, Based on a Wearable Mobile Scanning System

To address the complex structures of historical buildings in Mindong, lack of historical reference materials, and heavy workload of traditional surveying and mapping methods in the field, a 3D reconstruction method of historical building based on a wearable mobile scanning system for data acquisition was studied. First, a wearable mobile scanning system is used to scan historical buildings in three dimensions. The data are fused to obtain high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data of historical buildings. Second, based on the processed point cloud, a 2D map of historical buildings is accurately drawn using point cloud slicing. Finally, three-dimensional reconstruction of historical buildings is realized using a 2D atlas of historical buildings and modern modeling technology. The accuracy of the three-dimensional reconstruction model was analyzed using a fitting algorithm and structural geometric relationship to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. An old house in Mindong, Republic of China, was taken as the research object. Experimental analysis revealed that (1) a wearable mobile scanning system is suitable for high-quality point cloud data acquisition of buildings with complex geometric features, solving the problems of low efficiency and poor coverage of traditional surveying and mapping results; and (2) the method realizes 2D results rendering and 3D reconstruction of historical buildings based on the wearable mobile scanning system data with good accuracy, providing a reference for the protection and repair of historical buildings and health assessment.

AZƏRBAYCANDA AQRAR KLASTERLƏRİN FORMALAŞDIRILMASI ÜÇÜN AVROPA TƏCRÜBƏSİ

The article is devoted to agricultural clusters - one of the modern models of industrial organization. As an introduction to the topic, the factors necessary for the formation of clusters, the benefits received by enterprises and organizations that are part of the cluster are briefly explained, and a classification of clusters is also given. The experience of agricultural clusters in Italy and Lithuania is considered, as well as the influence of clusters on the socio-economic life of these countries. The article also analyzes the work carried out towards the formation of agricultural clusters in Azerbaijan, the adopted legislation and existing difficulties in this area.

Fast and Accurate EEG/MEG BEM-Based Forward Problem Solution for High-Resolution Head Models.

A BEM (boundary element method) based approach is developed to accurately solve an EEG/MEG forward problem for a modern high-resolution head model in approximately 60 seconds using a common workstation. The method utilizes a charge-based BEM with fast multipole acceleration (BEM-FMM) and a "smart" mesh pre-refinement (called b-refinement) close to the singular source(s). No costly matrix-filling or direct solution steps typical for the standard BEM are required; the method generates on-skin voltages as well as MEG magnetic fields for high-resolution head models in approximately 60 seconds after initial model assembly. The method is verified both theoretically and experimentally.

Logistics Network Design System in Eu Through Modern Modelling Techniques: Establishing Strong Transport Links to Improve Foreign Economic Relations

Logistics Network Design System in Eu Through Modern Modelling Techniques: Establishing Strong Transport Links to Improve Foreign Economic Relations

MyoFInDer: An AI-Based Tool for Myotube Fusion Index Determination.

The fusion index is a key indicator for quantifying the differentiation of a myoblast population, which is often calculated manually. In addition to being time-consuming, manual quantification is also error prone and subjective. Several software tools have been proposed for addressing these limitations but suffer from various drawbacks, including unintuitive interfaces and limited performance. In this study, we describe MyoFInDer, a Python-based program for the automated computation of the fusion index of skeletal muscle. At the core of MyoFInDer is a powerful artificial intelligence-based image segmentation model. MyoFInDer also determines the total nuclei count and the percentage of stained area and allows for manual verification and correction. MyoFInDer can reliably determine the fusion index, with a high correlation to manual counting. Compared with other tools, MyoFInDer stands out as it minimizes the interoperator variability, minimizes process time and displays the best correlation to manual counting. Therefore, it is a suitable choice for calculating fusion index in an automated way, and gives researchers access to the high performance and flexibility of a modern artificial intelligence model. As a free and open-source project, MyoFInDer can be modified or extended to meet specific needs.

Improving Criminal Law in Jordan: Challenges of our Time

The main purpose of the article is to improve the main ways of strengthening criminal legislation in Jordan. The object of study is criminal law in Jordan. The scientific task is to present a modern model for improving the main ways of strengthening criminal legislation in Jordan. The research methodology involves the use of the IDEF0 modeling method. As a result, two most significant models for improving the main ways of strengthening criminal legislation in Jordan are presented. The novelty of the article lies in the presented models for improving the main ways of strengthening criminal legislation in Jordan. The study has limitations in the form of only considering the specifics of Jordan's legislation. The prospects for further research lie in the examination of criminal law in other Middle Eastern countries.

Socio-cultural risks of multimodal large generative models of "artificial intelligence" (GenAI)

The article is devoted to the study of the conditions for ensuring the information security of Russian citizens when using generative "artificial intelligence" technologies in the socio-cultural sphere. The relevance of the topic is due to the modern high rates of development of computer neural networks that generate multimedia content: texts, images, sounds and videos. The developers classify generative technologies as "artificial intelligence", position them as a "new nuclear project" capable of radically increasing the productivity of socio-cultural creativity, and receive significant government, corporate and investment financing. The object of the study is modern multimedia generative models, the subject of the study is the possibility of their use in the socio-cultural sphere of creativity and the associated risks of information security. The purpose of the study is to determine the conditions for ensuring the information security of Russian citizens when using multimodal generative technologies in the socio-cultural sphere. The research materials are scientific publications of recent years (2021–2024) in Russian journals of the HAC list (categories K1, K2) and international Scopus publications (quartiles Q1, Q2) devoted to research and critical analysis of the possibilities of multimodal generative models, associated risks and security tools. The philosophical methodology is applied: theoretical and cultural analysis, synthesis. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the application of a philosophical theoretical and cultural methodology for a critical comparison of the declarations of developers and the actual potential of applications of multimodal generative technologies. The result of the study is an assessment of how greatly exaggerated the risks predicted based on the positioning of the technologies in question as "artificial intelligence". The real risks are proposed to include: the incompatibility of development costs with the usefulness of the results; lowering the cultural level of professional and amateur creativity and worsening the tastes of the mass audience; use in "social engineering", fraud, mass disinformation, fake news, manipulation of public consciousness, "cancellation culture", destruction of traditional values and substitution of socio-cultural identity. The means of ensuring the safety of Russian citizens in the development and use of multimedia generative technologies in the socio-cultural sphere are recommended.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF GENERATIVE AI ALGORITHMS FOR CREATING A NATURAL DIALOGUE

In the modern world, artificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly important role in various fields of human activity. One of the most promising areas of AI application is the generation of natural dialogue. The purpose of this work is to analyze the efficiency of generative AI algorithms for creating natural dialogue. The relevance of this topic is due to the growing interest in the use of AI to create dialogue systems capable of interacting with people in a natural way. The results of the study can be useful for developers of dialogue systems, researchers in the field of AI, as well as anyone interested in the application of AI in their everyday life. Natural language generation is a fundamental task in artificial intelligence, with applications ranging from chatbots to virtual assistants. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of various generative artificial intelligence algorithms for creating a natural dialogue. Their performance is assessed in generating consistent and contextually appropriate responses by evaluating modern models using quantitative metrics and human evaluation. Additionally, the study explores the impact of various training data sizes and techniques on the quality of a generated dialogue. The results provide insight into the strengths and weaknesses of current generative AI approaches in the generation of a dialogue.

Quantifying the digital economy according to the proposed framework

Methods. The article is based on a thorough analysis of data on the development of the digital economy, obtained from experts, researchers and partners specializing in the collection and processing of statistical data. The concept proposed in the article is formed based on both the basic definition of the digital economy and the methodology of measuring its scale basing on the calculation of added value. The digital economy estimation method is based on the use of national accounts and reflects the digital economy in the general context of gross domestic product (GDP). Results. The article examines the role of digital technologies in the socio-economic development of society. The changes that the modern model of interaction between business and society undergoes under the influence of digitalization processes are demonstrated. Special attention is paid to the research of existing systems for measuring the scale of the digital economy. The possibility of applying an approach to the assessment of the digitalization of the economy, which is based on the macroeconomic approach of consumption-output, proposed by W. Leontief, is considered. For its implementation, available data from the system of national accounts were used, namely: information on sixteen economies in Asia, Europe, North America and the Pacific region, including Australia. The study identified digitized sectors around the core perimeter of the digital economy, and predicted that countries with high imports of digital products, as well as industries that are highly dependent on the functioning of core digital sectors, are likely to have lower digital economy scores than others. Novelty. An improved methodological approach to measuring the scale of the digital economy is proposed, which consists in estimating its share in the total GDP of the country based on the calculation of the added value of a set of key digital products created within the national economy. Practical value. The results of the study are relevant to modern global problems, as they form a comprehensive statistical perspective of the review of the development of the digital economy.

Application of KMV Model in Credit Risk Management in Banking Industry

As an important part of the national financial system, the banking industry bears important responsibilities for the national economy. In addition, the banking industry is considered an area full of high risks. The risk management of banks not only involves the national finance, economy and national security, but also directly affects the national financial system and the stability of the global financial order. Credit risk has always been one of the risks that domestic and foreign banking banks pay special attention to. Effectively identifying and preventing credit risk is the key to ensure the smooth operation of banks. In order to better identify and manage the credit risk of the listed banks in China, this study uses the KMV model to measure the default distance of the sample banks. Will default distance as assessment of China listed commercial Banks credit risk agent variables, using before 2019 in China's a-share market listed commercial Banks build panel data, empirical analysis, and discuss the analysis results, put forward relevant policy Suggestions, model support for the healthy and steady development of the banking industry. This paper analyzes the current situation of the application of modern credit risk measurement model in the risk management of the banking industry. Meanwhile, combining with the data of some listed banks in China, discusses the credit risks and challenges faced by banks through in-depth analysis, and provides development suggestions with the data analysis of financial model.

Modernity under the Alias 'Oriental Bismarck' of Li Hongzhang: The Lack of Cultural Subjectivity and the Reconstruction of Nationalism

As a prominent politician of the late Qing dynasty, Li Hongzhang possessed numerous aliases, among which "Oriental Bismarck" holds a special significance. This appellation not only reflects the shift in the Chinese evaluation system of historical figures from traditional modes under the influence of Orientalism but also implies the consciousness and practice of nationalism in the modernization model of developing countries. Against the backdrop of the wave of colonialism and the statism vision of self-improvement, concepts like "Oriental-someone/something" in Chinese context embody a loss of cultural subjectivity of the traditional Chinese discourse power. Simultaneously, it reveals that, amidst the entanglement between the old China and the West, certain foreign elements and cultural symbols could be useful to construct the modernity and to affirm the uniqueness of China itself, by relying on nationalism. By analyzing the cultural significance and historical ruptures behind appellations like "Oriental Bismarck," this article adopts a postmodern historical perspective to criticize simplistic interpretations of modernization theory and explores how these appellations serve as important windows for studying the construction of history and modernity.

The return of the king’s two bodies: liberal arguments for the moderating powers of monarchy in post-revolutionary France and Portugal*

ABSTRACT Arguments analogous to those found in the late medieval theory of the king’s two bodies, popularized by Ernst Kantorowicz, were resurrected in early nineteenth-century constitutional theories of the moderating powers of monarchy. Post-revolutionary French liberal thought, echoed by its Portuguese counterpart, rediscovered the virtues of the institution of royalty, notably the immaterial and immortal body of the king. This rediscovery was prompted by the uncertainties of different national political contexts which made many contemporaries believe it desirable to integrate restored monarchies within modern constitutional models for state stability. This first occurred with the Bourbons’ return to post-Napoleonic France and the restoration of the monarchy in 1814, and then with the Braganza royal family’s return to Portugal in 1821 after thirteen years of rule from Brazil. Using arguments similar to those previously made in late medieval European political and legal thought, French and Portuguese liberals developed a theory of the king’s two powers, according to which the monarch at once exercised a moderating power, defined by the abstract institutional nature of the king’s person, and an executive power, embodied within his physical person. This conceptualization of royal duality was intended to make it possible to delegate executive power to ministers, leaving the king only the attributes of a largely symbolic power. Liberals thereby hoped to confine the monarch to his purely institutional body in a de-politicized constitutional role.

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) Berkelanjutan melalui Literasi Keuangan

MSMEs play an important role in the global and local economy, contributing to job creation, innovation and economic growth. However, many MSMEs face financial challenges that can hinder their development. This is why financial literacy is the key to empowering MSMEs to be sustainable. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the most strategic sector of the national economy and concern the livelihoods of many people, making them the backbone of the national economy. This research uses qualitative research methods, data collection is carried out using questionnaires, observation and documentation methods. Data analysis techniques use percentages as a basis for interpretation and description to produce research results. MSME players must develop modern business models. The government is also encouraging MSME players to develop modern business models, by building digital technology as a platform in the process of sustaining MSME activities. Strengthening digital technology to support MSME economic activities. In the sustainability strategy, digital technology must be the main platform in MSME business processes. Where, in the future it is hoped that MSMEs can use digital technology to implement financial literacy.

MODELLING OF PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS BY MEANS OF LABOUR FUNCTION EXPERT ANALYSIS

To substantiate the modern model of professional competences of healthcare workers based on expert modelling of labour functions in a professional standard as a basic element of the system of assessment of their qualifications and continuing professional development. In the system of healthcare professionals' training, a prognostic approach to designing a structural and functional model of a specialist remains the main one. Using the analysis of modern data on the relations between the labour market and the system of doctors' professional training, the pragmatic (actualisation) model of professional competences is substantiated. The latter is based on the analysis of experts who observe the actual work of doctors in real conditions, build their expert opinion on the basis of self-reflection and analysis of their own professional experience. In contrast to the prognostic model, this model can be used as a basis for the formation and assessment of professional competences of healthcare professionals, in particular those acquired through non-formal and informal education based on constructivist learning principles. The features of the pragmatic (actualisation) model of doctors' professional competences are as follows: methodological reliance on constructivism; expert method of forming the content of labour actions and competences; results of professional self-reflection of healthcare professionals; fixation of professional competences in professional standards by medical specialities; evaluation of the results of non-formal and informal learning; analysis of current labour market information, up-to-date descriptions of activities in the workplace and relevant job functions; realism and pragmatism. In order to develop the National Qualifications System in the field of healthcare, it is necessary to implement the following: implementation as regulated by the current legislation of the procedures for assessment of formal, non-formal and informal results of professional training in the system of continuing professional development; development of professional standards for all specialities of healthcare professionals — doctors, nurses, pharmacists and managers of healthcare facilities; development of a system of independent qualification centres in the healthcare sector.

An integrated three-dimensional aeromechanical analysis for the prediction of stresses on modern coaxial rotors

This paper presents the first application of an Integrated Three-Dimensional aeromechanical analysis—defined as the coupled solution of three-dimensional finite element-based structural dynamics with a three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes-based fluid dynamics—to predict the stresses on a modern coaxial rotor. The coupling was carried out with the University of Maryland’s structural dynamic solver X3D and the U.S. Army’s CREATETM–AV Helios suite of fluid dynamic solvers. A modern four-bladed hingeless coaxial rotor model—inspired by the gross dimensions of the Sikorsky S-97 Raider but generic and open source otherwise—is developed as a demonstration test case. The new structural solver is driven by parallel and scalable solvers and advanced high performance computing. It is enabled by high-order three-dimensional brick finite elements unified with multibody dynamics, integrated aerodynamics, and a special 3D-to-1D fluid-structure interfaces refines the power of delta-coupling procedure while retaining the advantages of existing CFD mesh motion schemes. The analysis predicts the three-dimensional stresses on the rotor blades and hub, together with the deformations, airloads, and wake, in an integrated manner. Two flight conditions are studied: a low-speed flight at 37 knots and a high-speed flight at 150 knots. Interesting three-dimensional unsteady stress patterns are revealed all across the blade but particularly inboard of 50% rotor radius—patterns that change from flight to flight and have remained invisible until now—since they could neither be predicted nor measured in flight. The maximum axial stresses exhibited 3/rev variation at low speed, and 2/rev variation at high speed flight. The lower rotor carried higher oscillatory stress burden at low speed, whereas both the rotors shared the same stress burden at high speed flight. The key conclusion is that such analysis is now indeed possible, and the stress patterns they reveal provide deeper insights into the dynamics of advanced rotors, and these might provide a path toward mitigating them in the future.

Marketplace: Business Model of the Modern Economy

Relevance. The study of the features of the work and development of marketplaces is a relevant area, since these platforms play a significant role in modern society and business, representing a business model of the modern economy. They bring together sellers and buyers, providing the opportunity to sell goods and services over large territories and increase their customer base. Additionally, analyzing the key features of popular e-commerce platforms can help entrepreneurs choose the most suitable platform for their business and determine its advantages and disadvantages. Online stores offer a wide range of products, convenient delivery and discounts for regular customers. In addition, many marketplaces work directly with manufacturers, which allows them to offer products at lower prices. Thus, we can assert the relevance of the study of marketplaces as a business model of the modern economy.The purpose of the study is to study the features of the operation of distance trading platforms - marketplaces, the history of their origin, the impact on purchasing behavior, key characteristics, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of popular e-commerce platforms.Objectives: identifying the weaknesses of online stores; identifying possible ways to solve problems arising in this area of business.Methodology. The following methods were used to study online stores: data analysis, user survey, comparison of various platforms, study of reviews and ratings.Results. Selling through marketplaces is the business model of the modern economy. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the functioning of marketplaces, their differences from other forms of sales of goods in the conditions of applying a modern business model that is adequate to the real conditions of doing business and economic development.Conclusions. The use of marketplaces is associated with the ability to minimize the costs of production, sales, purchase or exchange based on building effective interaction on a digital platform and various adaptive combinations of business processes. This allows us to prove the initial assumption that the marketplace is a business model of the modern economy.

XI Международная конференция по криминалистическому исследованию оружия

The article provides an overview of the two-day sessions of the XI International Conference on Forensic Study of Weapons, which was held at Saratov State University on October 17–18, 2023. The conference was attended by ballistics and criminologists experts from Saratov, Moscow, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Armenia, Sri Lanka, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, the Republic of Belarus. The conference has been held on the basis of Saratov State University since 2011. The main issues of the conference are related to the introduction of modern technologies into forensic studies of firearms, ammunition and traces of their use. Promising methods for studying modern models of firearms, traces of their use, shot products, reconstruction of places of criminal use of firearms, identification of firearms by traces on fired bullets and spent cartridges were presented and discussed at the conference. The results of research into the effectiveness of using machine learning methods to automatically compare weapon traces on fired bullets and cartridges for the purpose of classifying them into firearms were presented in a number of reports. Separate reports were devoted to the reconstruction of crime scenes involving the use of firearms. The conference confirmed the status of a scientific platform bringing together criminologists, ballistics experts, specialists in the field of information and digital technologies, whose scientific interests are related to the study of weapons, ammunition and traces of their use.