Modern Literary Language Research Articles

SOME COMPARATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE HISTORICAL CHRONICLES OF SHAKESPEARE

This article examines some comparative constructions in the historical Chronicles of William Shakespeare. The study of the works of the great English playwright William Shakespeare mainly studied his creative activity or considered his comedies and tragedies (Karpova). Thus, it can be stated that Chronicles have remained out of the attention of researchers, in particular, the consideration of the genre in linguistic and stylistic coverage has remained the least studied. In this study, we consider comparative constructions as a means of imagery in Shakespeare’s Chronicles in comparison with the modern literary language of the 21st century. The study of comparative constructions in Chronicles made it possible to consider and identify differences in the language of the New England period and modern English of the early 21st century in qualitative and quantitative terms. The analysis carried out in the study of comparative constructions with the functional words like, as and than in the historical chronicles of Shakespeare and their comparison with modern literary texts allow us to make some generalizations about the evolution of the syntax of these constructions of the New English period and the change in the status of these functional words. Keywords: Historical Chronicles; comparative constructions; figurativeness; Shakespeare, contextual analysis, parallelism, literary, poetry.

VERB STRESS IN "THE FIRST READER FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS" BY A. KRUSHELNYTSKYI, O. POPOVYCH, B. LEPKYI (1918)

The article traces the peculiarities of verb stress in "The First Reader for Public Schools" authored by A. Krushelnytskyi, O. Popovych, and B. Lepkyi (1918), which was one of the official textbooks for Ukrainian-speaking schools during the time of Austria-Hungary. The proposed publication introduces the textbook by the mentioned authors into the scientific linguistic circulation in the accentological aspect. The article identifies historically formed accentuation models, analyses the degree of their compliance with the norms of the time recorded in Western Ukrainian dictionaries and grammars of the late 19th - early 20th century, determines the possibility of their application in the modern literary language. Research Objective: To define the conformity degree of accentuation in "The First Reader for Public Schools" (1918) by A. Krushelnytskyi, O. Popovych, and B. Lepkyi to the linguistic norms that were in effect in the Ukrainian-language education system of Austria-Hungary on the one hand, and to the requirements of the main Ukrainian Orthographies and grammars of the 20th – 21st centuries on the other. Source Base: "The First Reader for Public Schools" by A. Krushelnytskyi, O. Popovych, B. Lepkyi (1918); "Malorus’ka-German Dictionary" by Ye. Zhelekhivsky and S. Nedilsky (1886); "Grammar of the Rus’ka Language" by S. Smal’-Stotskyi and F. Gartner (1893). The research utilized the following methods: descriptive, comparative, statistical, comprehensive material selection, partially historical reconstruction. Article Structure: Introduction, Literature Review, Presentation of the Main Material, Conclusions. The section "Presentation of the Main Material" includes the following subsections: "Features of Verbs Stress of the First Conjugation", "Features of Verbs Stress of the Second Conjugation", "Features of Irregular Verbs Stress". In the "The First Reader", a total of 900 verb word forms were identified. Of these, 866 usages (96 percent) conform to modern accentuation norms. In the section "Presentation of the Main Material", 34 verb stresses were analyzed, which do not correspond to the norms of modern Ukrainian literary language. It was found that 32 word forms conform to the norms that were in force in Halychyna and Bukovyna at the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. The indicated linguistic and cultural environment could have influenced the stress of certain verbal forms. In the "Conclusions" section, it is noted that the research results attest to the stability of basic verb stress in the Ukrainian literary language across time and space. Practically all accentuations in the "The First Reader for Public Schools" (1918), which differ from contemporary norms, corresponded to the standards of the Ukrainian literary language at that time. Therefore, the "The First Reader" exhibited a high degree of accentuation normativity. The accentuation norms in the "The First Reader" corresponded to the living literary language of Halychyna and Bukovyna at the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century.

M.F.AXUNDOVUN ƏSƏRLƏRİNİN ANTROPONİMİYASI

Anthroponymy of M.F.Akhundov's works Summary The article “Anthroponymy of M.F.Akhundov’s works” examines personal names, nicknames, pseudonyms, etc. all anthroponymic units used in the playwright’s work are studied. M.F.Akhundov is the first researcher to think about the important role of anthroponyms in the formation of literary language styles. All representatives of Azerbaijani life of the 19th century participate in the playwright’s work and their spiritual person, spiritual existence is shown with all openness. A number of phraseological expressions used in our modern literary language and containing personal names have become widespread from the works of Mirza Fatali Akhundov or in connection with these works. The names of the heroes of his works provide rich research material. Key words: nicknames, pseudonyms, anthroponymy, artistic-poetic name, characters, dramas, Haji Kara

БАШКИРСКОЕ ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРДЕНА ЗНАК ПОЧЕТА ИНСТИТУТА ИСТОРИИ, ЯЗЫКА И ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ УФИЦ РАН

This article examines the main stages in the development of Bashkir linguistics and the research directions of the Bashkir language at the Order of the Badge of Honor Institute of History, Language, and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. From the very beginning, the linguistic department has been actively pursuing its goals. Over the course of a century, the department has become one of the most prominent centers specializing in the analysis of spoken and written Bashkir, as well as the study of dialects and varieties. Linguistic research projects in connection with the culture, literature, and history of the Bashkir people are carried out with the most active participation from the Institute’s linguists. They have developed and established the norms of the modern literary language, which have been revised several times over the course of a century. Issues related to improving and regulating literary norms of the language continue to be central to the work of the Department of Linguistics staff. Due to the established strong traditions for fixing linguistic units, significant success has been achieved in the fields of Bashkir lexicography and terminography. On the basis of these efforts, generalizing works on dialectology, lexicology, and phraseology of the Bashkir language have been produced. It was important to study the history of the Bashkir language. These studies provide a fairly complete picture of the stages in the formation of linguistic science and the major stages of language development in the Republic of Bashkortostan. An exemplary analysis of the grammatical structure of modern Bashkir reveals its main phonetic, morphologic, morphematic, and syntactic characteristics. The work of the Department of Linguistics staff has contributed significantly to the development of Bashkir onomastic, ethnolinquistic, and sociolinguistic research. The latest research directions based on the applied developments of computational linguistics enrich the Bashkir linguistics with new aspects and approaches, bring the Bashkir language to the world level. The issues of development, the current state and prospects for improving the Bashkir language in diachrony and synchrony receive comprehensive study and detailed coverage in the activities of the staff of the Linguistics Department of the Institute.

Terms for the Purple Color in the Bashkir Language

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the names for the purple color in the Bashkir language, which function in several versions. The study is relevant due to the lack of research on the names of the color, not only in the Bashkir, but also in the Turkic languages in general. The study is carried out using descriptive, comparative-historical methods, and the method of lexicosemantic analysis. The electronic corpora of the Bashkir language, the dialectological base, and lexicographic works acted as linguistic material on the Bashkir language.Results. It was revealed that four types of names are used to designate purple in the Bashkir language: 1) a borrowing from Persian; 2) analytical names, consisting of a combination of two color designations; 3) a loan translation from the Russian language; 4) a dialect word. It has been established that these names differ from each other in terms of their scope: 1) the name šämäxä, borrowed from the Persian language, is used in the modern literary language; 2) the word körän, which means ‘brown’ in the literary language, is used in dialects; 3) a loan translation from the Russian language – miläwšä töθ (‘violets color’) – is used in publicism; 4) analytical names are presented in the colloquial language: qïðïl kük ‘red blue’, qïðɣïlt kük ‘lit. reddish-blue’, körän kük ‘brown-blue’, zäŋgär kük ‘bluish blue’.

Диалектные особенности местоимений в удмуртских письменных памятниках второй половины XIX – начала XX в.

the article is devoted to the description of dialect features of pronouns in five pre-revolutionary Udmurt books of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The analysis is carried out by comparing the linguistic material of the written monuments with the data of the Udmurt literary language and its dialects. Objective: to identify the features of the functioning of pronouns in Udmurt written monuments in comparison with modern literary norms. Research materials: online corpora and concordances to five Udmurt books in various dialects of the Udmurt language, placed on the linguistic platform LingvoDoc. Results and novelty of the research: for the first time the research presents a detailed description of dialect phenomena associated with the functioning of pronouns in five Udmurt books of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. As a result of the analysis, a number of specific features are identified in the written monuments related to the functioning of proper-personal, emphatic-personal and negative pronouns, through which the written sources differ from the norms of modern literary language. In the course of the work, the issues of the origin of these dialect features are considered, as a result of which it is established that both archaic and innovative phenomena are represented in the written monuments.

Калмыцкий словник в работе П. С. Палласа: графо-фонетический анализ гласных

Introduction. Quite a number of eighteenth-nineteenth century Kalmyk dictionaries have been subject to linguistic analysis. However, the Kalmyk word list in the major work by P. S. Pallas — despite being well known to the scientific community — was never analyzed, yet that was an earliest attempt to record Kalmyk vocabulary and contains decently precise spellings (closest to actual oral patterns), which makes it a unique lexicographic source. Goals. The study attempts a graphophonetic analysis of Kalmyk vowels from the dictionary of P. S. Pallas, and seeks to identify reflexes of such vowel graphemes. Materials. The paper focuses on the Kalmyk word list consisting of 531 units, some to repeat but differ in spelling. Results. The study has yielded some rows of vowel graphemic correspondences between entries contained in the Pallas Dictionary, lexemes of modern standard Kalmyk, the latter’s IPA transcriptions, and H. Nugteren’s proto-Mongolic reconstructions, which makes it possible to conduct a graphophonetic analysis of the mentioned Kalmyk word list. The latter analysis has resulted in a table introducing data on reflexes of regular vowels (i.e., three examples least). There are significant phonetic differences between graphemic patterns of the Pallas Dictionary and present-day Kalmyk lexemes, in most cases those are essentially systemic. The differences from the modern literary language are mainly derived from historical changes that have arisen in vowels and vowel complexes under the influence of certain phonetic processes. In the absolute beginning of a word and after a consonant in the first syllable, vowels experience few changes, the bulk of such transformations be observed in further syllables and relate to reduced positions.

Особенности употребления абсолютных причастных оборотов в итальянском языке XVI в. (на примере трактата Ф. Гвиччардини «История Италии»)

The aim of the study is to determine the structural and functional features of absolute participle constructions in the Old Italian language of the High Renaissance period using the text of the treatise “The History of Italy” by one of the leading figures in Italian historical science Francesco Guicciardini as an example. The paper is novel in that it is the first to analyse the specificity of using absolute participle constructions as one of non-finite verb forms on the basis of a work written in the Tuscan volgare during the Cinquecento period in the genre of a historical treatise. Such constructions could be used as an equivalent of a predicative construction in a complex sentence, were characterised by variability of forms when agreeing with the subject in gender and number, could be accompanied by correlates and were also used as an analogue of attributive clauses with a relative in preposition. As a result of the study, it has been found that the absolute participle constructions in Francesco Guicciardini’s work are characterised by variation at the syntactic level and have greater functionality compared to the modern literary language.

Vittorio Alfieri e la lingua “classica” di Simeon Marcovici: alcune considerazioni metodologiche sulle traduzioni dell’Oreste e del Filippo

"The most representative Romanian translations of the 19th century can be the subject of an aesthetic-rhetorical study, which, usually, we would devote to an original literary work. Because of their experimental character, the translations are closely linked to the contemporary “language question”: thus, they offer a tool to observe the evolution of literary Romanian in those crucial decades. In other words, we can consider translations as a ground for the reception of Western models and the development of modern literary language. In this study, we propose overcoming the two most popular approaches to Romanian translations: the exclusively lexicographical one, which mainly focuses on the collection of data related to the neological lexicon: the exclusively historical-sociological one, which considers translations as historical-literary and socio-cultural documents without dwelling on the aesthetic-rhetorical values of the literary text. On the contrary, the value of such translations lies not only in their being (useful) witnesses to certain linguistic forms or certain sociological and historical contexts, but in the fact that they are autonomous literary texts. Composed exclusively of translations of literary works and technical texts, Marcovici’s output is a typical example of the extraordinary phenomenon of Romen translations in the first half of the nineteenth century. His prose translations of two of Alfieri’s tragedies, Oreste and Filippo, in a volume published in Bucharest in 1847, mark one of the high points of interest in Alfieri’s output in the Romanian nineteenth century. Such a late interest in an eighteenth-century author like Alfieri, who had played so much part in the Italian, Greek, and Romanian Enlightenment and Preromantic temperament, often cloaked in anti-Tyrannical nationalism, should not be surprising. Marcovici’s entire cultural activity shows a strong “anachronistic” inclination toward neoclassical themes, also motivated by his being professor of rhetoric at the College of St. Sava. For Marcovici, literature is not only to be considered in the same way as a “school of moralization”, but also a model for the correct use of literary language. It follows, therefore, that there should be a determined fidelity to the needs of popularization, to the “simple” style, to the naturalness of vocabulary and to the minimization of the needs of overdeveloped rhetorical language. The contribution will therefore go through some lexicographical, stylistic and rhetorical aspects of the two Alfierian translations, focusing on the “classicism” of Marcovici’s language."

Human right to language in constitutional law

Efforts made by Ukraine to develop the spiritual potential of its people contribute to increasing the cohesion of Ukrainian society, and to nationals’ awareness of the need to preserve and strengthen traditional values. In this regard, one of the goals of the state policy on the preservation and strengthening of traditional values is the protection and support of the Ukrainian language as the state language, ensuring compliance with the norms of the modern literary language, and countering the excessive use of foreign vocabulary.The Ukrainian language is the state language of Ukraine, which is used where formally established by law. Respectful attitude and all kinds of promotion for the development of the Ukrainian language are the task not only of the state, but also of each of us, nationals of Ukraine. The right to language is one of the fundamental human rights provided for by the Constitution of Ukraine. For Ukrainians who have been under the rule of several empires for a long time, the language is still a pillar of Ukrainian identity, a guarantee of the survival of the Ukrainian ethnos as a collective individuality and the preservation of its national face. Anyone has rights to language since birth, they are fundamental natural rights necessary for the realization of a number of other constitutional rights and freedoms, first of all the right to life (if interpreted broadly, not only as the right to physical existence), cultural and educational rights, the right to the recognition and realization of the dignity of the individual, the right to information, freedom of speech.The correct use of the Ukrainian language is of particular importance in the process of training legal professionals. Well-bred and stylistically correct speech is the key to successful law-making and law enforcement and is a guarantee of unconditional protection of human and national rights and freedoms and the legitimate interests of Ukrainian cnationals. Forming and formulating legal norms, protecting them in numerous legal documents and explaining them to people, a lawyer must perfectly master the norms of language and protect them. Inaccuracies in speech can lead to an inaccurate interpretation of the law. The effectiveness of the preliminary investigation and entering civil arrangements, the prestige of the justice system, and the lawyer’s performance of his or her high social function largely depend on the level of language culture.

The Dominance of Metonymic Narrative in Contemporary Georgian Postmodern Poetry

Metaphorical artistic forms are replaced by metonymic artistic forms in current literary texts. The axis of paradigmatic thinking is replaced by the syntagmatic one, the metaphorical poetic style turns into a metonymic prose style. In poetry, the conventional verse is replaced by verlibre - the same as free verse. Metaphor, in its traditional sense and all its equipment, is already redundant for modern literary language. Metonymic dominance is clearly felt here – namely, metaphor is replaced by metonymy as its variant, not as its polar opposite. Metonymy allows one term to be replaced by another. The use of metonymy in literary texts is much easier than in colloquial speech. Postmodernist aesthetics accommodates much wider metonymy. The definition of metonymy originates from the Latin word and translates as "taking a new name". The word takes on a new meaning and the language is enriched with new matches. Contemporary Georgian postmodernist literature and, in particular, poetry, exists and develops in terms of the dominance of metonymic discourse; And if we can talk about literary metamorphosis, we should present its metonymy as one of the hallmarks. The metonymic form of the modern text is the relevant "vessel" in which the qualitatively new, modern text is "poured". Based on the classical form-content paradigm, all content finds its form; In this paper, I tried to state the suggested viewpoint with the help of the corresponding examples of the texts by contemporary Georgian poets.

Hebrew Gothic: History and the Poetics of Persecution

Hebrew Gothic: History and the Poetics of Persecution

How Teachers Adapt Nine Kinds of Literary Language for Second-Language Learners

English literature is taught around the world. Most teachers of English in China are non-native English users. Most adapt literary texts for their second-language classrooms. Little research explores their processes of modifying texts. This study analysed data from 202 in-service and intending teachers, over four years. Teachers were asked first to adapt Jebb’s translation of Antigone, and then to adapt a second play text, either a Shakespeare or a 20th century play. The time taken to adapt Antigone was assessed, yielding a time estimate for adapting a full-length play text, as well as per page of literary language. Likert-scale survey data was taken for 9 different kinds of difficult language found in literary texts. Results indicated that NNESTs require about 40 minutes per page when adapting modern literary language. The find retaining poetic qualities while reducing text length, that is, moving between lexicogrammatical and discourse levels of the text, the greatest challenge in adapting literary language. They find texts with contemporary lexis and grammar are easier, where classical and historical references, subplots and details are difficult to handle. They find the task satisfying, pleasurable and interesting.

Syntax of Mass Media Language in the Context of Historical Development of Turkish Literary Language

In the history of Ottoman and modern Turkish literary languages, all the characteristic literary language features of pre-national and national periods respectively (processed, ordered, selection of linguistic means, conscious regulation and codification, etc.) can be traced. The transition from the former to the latter at the beginning of the twentieth century occurred in the form of a linguistic revolution, leading to fundamental changes at different language levels. This still active process is aimed at forming a language norm and creating means that meet the characteristics of individual functional areas of the literary language. Changes in vocabulary are more obvious, better studied and currently focused on creating new, Turkicbased lexemes to replace foreign borrowings. Syntactic changes, no less significant, aim to develop statement structure to facilitate adequate construction and understanding, while maintaining the features of the Turkic system, but these processes are not studied sufficiently. Active formation of the Turkish literary language takes place during a period of rapid development of the media — a functional sphere which occupies a special position due to its wide social base. According to several researchers, the current media language is considered representative of literary languages. This necessitates studying the trends in syntactic structure changes of the Turkish sentence, in order to trace general trends in the development of syntax diachronically, help create a general up-to-date picture of the syntax of the modern literary language, on the basis of a comparative analysis, to determine the main patterns in the development of Turkic syntax, and while teaching Turkish — to concentrate on students’ active acquisition of the most commonly used syntactic means.

Dialektalne cechy fonetyczne i morfologiczne oraz ukraińska leksyka somatyczna w słowniczkach Ilki Magury Матеріялы до словаря і сборничокъ словъ и выраженій чисто- народныхъ до русского словаря

The aim of the article is to present the results of an analysis of the phonetic and morphological layers of Ukrainian lexis from glossaries and the characteristics of the somatic terminology collected by the author. Since the collected material came from Żółkiew district, which belongs to the area of the Transnistrian dialect, the phonetic and morphological features of this dialect are presented in those constructions in particular. The lexicological analysis of this publication will help to determine whether the lexical material presented there is confirmed in dialects or in the normative layer of the Ukrainian language. It will also help to describe the scale of this confirmation. The majority of lexemes that are somatic terminology and names of diseases are confirmed to dialects of the Ukrainian language, while some word units are presented in the modern literary language.

PHONETIC VARIANTS OF LOANWORDS

Unification of different spelling of words is one of the most important problem in Kazakh linguistics. Especially noticeable is the number of words that occur in different spelling variants, in loanwords from Arabic and Persian origin. The heterogeneity and diversity of the spelling of borrowed words in the practice of writing remains an unsolved problem among linguists. In this regard, the purpose of our study is to identify the reasons for the use of Arabic, Persian words that are written in different versions of the same meaning, and an attempt to designate the main variant when switching to a new Latin alphabet. It is known that different spellings of words often occur between modern literary language and dialects. Regardless of the types of phonetic phenomena found in the dialects of our language, in general they are intertwined with the phonetic development of the Turkic languages. Therefore, the article analyzes the processes of mastering, starting from ancient and medieval Turkic written monuments and the features of the transition to modern Turkic languages. In order to determine the main variant, linguistic and statistical studies of phonetic variants of b/p, p/f are carried out on the basis of the «Large Explanatory Dictionary of the Kazakh literary language». The results of the study can serve in the unification of spelling norms of borrowed words, as well as the necessary linguistic information in the development of various dictionaries.

PROPER-LEXICAL DIALECTISMS IN THE LEFT-BANK DIALECTS OF THE HILL MARI DIALECT OF THE MARI LANGUAGE

In the article, on the material of the Ozerki, Arda and Yuksar dialects of the Hill Mari dialect of the Mari language, proper lexical dialectisms are considered. The dialect words are compared with the vocabulary of the Mari literary language and the right-bank dialects of the Hill Mari dialect. Despite the fact that in the 60's, 70's and early 90's of the 20th century, a lot of work has been done to study the lexical richness of left-bank dialects, their current state remains unexplored. This determines the relevance of this work. The study summarizes the new factual material collected by the author of the article in the field. As an additional source, we used dialectological materials of the first- and second-year students of the Department of Russian Philology of the Russian-Hill Mari group of the history and philology faculty of the Mari State University and also the data presented in the works of A.A. Savatkova and L.I. Khlebnikova. The analysis of the material shows that in the studied dialects there are such lexemes that in the right-bank dialects and in the Hill Mari literary language either went out of active use or were replaced by foreign language units. In the Ozerki, Arda and Yuksar dialects, words are quite active, which in the modern literary language and in the speech of the current generation of Hill Maris of the Volga River’ right bank are at the stage of transition to a passive vocabulary.

ЛІНГВОМЕТОДИЧНІ ОСНОВИ НАВЧАННЯ ІНОЗЕМНИХ СЛУХАЧІВ ПІДГОТОВЧИХ ВІДДІЛЕНЬ НАУКОВОМУ СТИЛЮ МОВЛЕННЯ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН

Improving the quality of training of foreign students at preparatory departments is a priority, which requires improving the forms, methods and technologies of teaching foreign students languages and the formation of scientific functional-linguistic style, which is the basis of communication in the professional sphere. The problem of systematic analysis of linguistic and methodological bases of teaching the scientific style of speech of foreign students at the preparatory departments has its own features and difficulties, overcoming which is associated with the search for new methodological approaches and models. The article reveals the linguistic-methodological approaches to the systematic and activity teaching of foreign students the scientific style of speech and the main components of the scientific style of speech as a kind of modern literary language using as an example teaching physics and mathematics in pre-university training. The structure of educational texts which consist of certain functional blocks and act as model for formation of communicatively-motivated kinds of speech activity is offered. The evaluation of educational and scientific texts in physics and mathematics is made in terms of their information indicators (redundancy, density of teaching material, the average index of complexity). Informational evaluation of educational texts of general and natural sciences opens the possibility of developing objective criteria for optimization and minimization of educational and professional material. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is ensured by a number of relevant and effective linguistic and methodological recommendations. The effectiveness of students’ speech activity in a foreign language is determined by addressing the description of the material of the scientific language, its organization in terms of communicative and professional orientation and functional and stylistic expediency. The study of linguistic and methodological bases of teaching foreign students the scientific style of speech in the study of natural sciences allows us to conclude about the effectiveness of combining professional, linguistic and speech aspects of teaching, coordinated work of language teachers and natural sciences in forming the main components of scientific style. The method of formation of basic themes of educational texts is offered, the most important component of which is their accurate structure, sequence and logic of the statement. It is shown that the standardization of syntactic models, structures of scientific style of speech, lexical structure of scientific speech, its syntactic features are of great importance. It is shown that teaching certain types of speech activity on the material of the language of the specialty must be built differently, considering the psychological capabilities of different categories of foreign students.

Особенности употребления сложного герундия в итальянском языке XVI в. (на примере трактата Ф. Гвиччардини «История Италии»)

The aim of the study is to determine the structural and functional features of complex gerundial constructions in the Old Italian language of the XVI century, using Francesco Guicciardini’s treatise “The History of Italy” as an example. The paper is novel in that it is the first to analyse the specificity of using the complex gerund as one of non-finite verb forms on the basis of a work written in the Cinquecento era in the genre of a historical treatise. As a result of the study, it has been found that the complex gerund in F. Guicciardini’s work is characterised by variation at the syntactic level and has more functionality compared to the modern literary language.

NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

Abstract 
 Background. The problem of national identity became relevant in connection with the development of an independent, sovereign Ukrainian state. The verbalized concept of «identity» is understood in broad historical and geopolitical contexts, projecting conclusions on public policy, socio-economic situation, national and cultural processes in society. The linguo-cognitive meaning of the term «national identity2, used in scientific and literary texts, needs to be studied.
 Purpose. To analyze the lexical semantics of the word identity in the modern Ukrainian literary language, to identify features of its interpretation in lexicographic sources, to trace the functioning of the phrase national identity in scientific texts and to outline the specifics of verbalization of «identity», «mentality» in the literary text.
 Methods. The study uses a method of comparative analysis of dictionary interpretations of register words identical, identity to substantiate the stylistic marker book (word) in modern Ukrainian literary language, as well as contextual – interpretive method for structuring the meaning of the term national identity, identifying features of verbalization in scientific and literary texts.
 Results. The verbalized term «identity» common in the modern humanities, in particular its semantic structure, needs to be clarified in the context of terminological meaning in relation to the representatives of the nation, national culture, i.e. national identity. Dictionaries of foreign words published at different times, explanatory dictionaries of the modern Ukrainian language do not fix the terminological meaning of the lexical item identity, semantically related to the concept of «nation». A characteristic feature of identity involves a logical process of conferring, comparing of objects, phenomena, concepts and identifying a common feature – the same, identical content, as evidenced by the phrases given in dictionaries. In contrast to the illustrations recorded in lexicographical sources, the phrase national identity actualized in modern literary language indicates a higher degree of abstraction: the feature represents the synthesis of common (indicating common features inherent in a certain nation) and different (seme of opposition to other nations with their identical features). Modern scientific texts in the humanities expand the combination of words identical, identity that form new phrases, acquiring a new terminological meaning in the system of concepts of history, philosophy, political science, sociology, culturology, linguistics.
 Synonymization of the words nation, ethnos in modern scientific and journalistic discourse has led to the parallel use of the phrases national identity and ethnic identity that identify the meaning of the lexical items nation, ethnos. Studiers often include the following concepts in the differential features of national identity: territory, religion, language. However, their assessment and identification role in relation to the integrity of the Ukrainian nation is defined differently. In discussions about the modern Ukrainian nation, the concepts of national (state), ethnic, historical, territorial, linguistic, cultural identity are distinguished. The concept of national identity is related to the linguo-pragmatic meaning of the term mentality, interpreted differently in scientific and literary contexts. The Ukrainian literary language has historically formed a word-forming series that combines words with the component SELF: self-consciousness, self-identification, identity, self-sufficiency, self-discovery, self-realization, self-affirmation, self-understanding, self-realization, self-correction, self-preservation, self-determination, self-humiliation, self-identity. The logical and psychological meaning of these nominations is correlated with the terms national identity, mentality.
 Discussion. The formation of an independent state has actualized the theme of national identity in the context of modern globalization. Linguistic analysis (lexical-semantic, linguo-cognitive) is supplemented by a contextual interpretation of the content of the terminological concept of «national identity». In scientific (historical, culturological, ethnological) texts the interpretation of varieties of identity with the focus on the concepts of «national» and «ethnic» identity is traced. The conclusion about the historical variability of the category of national identity is made. The authors of modern historical studies connect the phenomenon of national identity with the creation of the modern Ukrainian nation. 
 Comparison of scientific and artistic interpretation of the concept of national identity opens the prospect of studying the types of identities and linguo-cognitive structuring of each of them.