Modern Labor Market Research Articles

Актуальність використання людського капіталу на підприємствах: міжнародний аспект

The aim of the article is to analyze the relevance of the use of human capital in enterprises in the international context. According to the results of the carried out study, it has been found that human capital is becoming a key factor of competitiveness at the international level. The article examines the relevance of the use of human capital in international enterprises and its impact on their competitiveness. Various approaches to the development and training of staff in different countries of the world, in particular in Japan, the USA, Sweden and Germany, are analyzed. Through the analysis of various models of corporate training and staff management, the article highlights the features of each country and the most effective practices. In particular, Japanese domestic study programs, American corporate universities, Swedish financial well-being programs, and the German dual education system are considered. A general analysis of approaches to the use of human capital in Japan, the United States, Sweden and Germany indicates a significant variety of methods and strategies used in enterprises in these countries. At the same time, there is some convergence in efforts to improve personnel policy and use innovative approaches to human capital management. Japan and Germany focus on long-term development and loyalty to the company, the United States on flexibility and adaptation to change, and Sweden on well-being and social responsibility. The study highlights the importance of adapting human capital management strategies to the specific conditions of each country and to the particular sector of the economy, with a focus on ensuring high productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises in the global market environment. The carried out analysis helps to understand how each country adapts to the challenges of the modern labor market and the development of its staff.

РЕЛОКАЦИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛА: НОВЫЕ ВЫЗОВЫ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ

Solving the problems of industrial production growth, business scaling, and promotion of new technologies to the regions is impossible without staffing enterprises with qualified workers. At the same time, in the conditions of the modern labor market, it is staffing that becomes one of the main risks in achieving the assigned tasks. One of the ways for enterprises in adapting to the conditions of the modern labor market is personnel relocation. That is why in recent years the issue of the labor mobility and personnel relocation has become the subject of both theoretical and empirical research. Drawing on the analysis and synthesis of statistical data, research results of specialized research institutes, consulting companies, expert opinions, and the experience of Russian companies in the research topic, the authors formulated the concept and characterized the content of the term “personnel relocation”, identified the main factors influencing employee decision-making about relocationю They also shown the main challenges for employers when developing personnel relocation programs and the ways to solve them are shown.

ШЛЯХИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article explores the efficiency of funding professional education institutions in Ukraine. Indicators such as economy, productivity, and effectiveness can be applied to measure the socio-economic efficiency of educational activities. Funding for training qualified workers in Ukraine is done through state or local budget funds. Additionally, professional education institutions can independently receive additional funding from funds received for training qualified workers beyond the state order under contracts concluded with legal and natural persons. The statistical data presented allowed for the following conclusions: budget expenditures on professional education increase annually while the number of students decreases. The main problems of professional education functioning are the poor material-technical base of professional education institutions, the low efficiency of managing these institutions, and the content and quality of professional education not meeting the requirements of the modern labour market. However, the critical advantage of professional education is its flexibility and quick response to labour market demands. Education can take place both on a full-time and part-time basis. Improving the quality of graduates from professional education institutions is possible through the establishment of a system of professional qualifications and the creation of a unified educational environment for professional education, the implementation of mechanisms to incentivize employers to participate in the educational process, creating conditions for the development of dual forms of education; popularizing professional education among the population, planning professional development and careers. Dual education was introduced in Germany in the last century in a ratio of "30% theory, 70% practice." The economy provides 73% of dual education funding in Germany. During the 2- to 3-year training period, employers get to know their students well and can better assess their suitability for the enterprise. The school education program in Ukraine needs reform to increase the share of career guidance work and opportunities for students in graduating classes to intern at companies. School education should develop practical skills to help students adapt to employer demands and determine their future profession.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION AND CAREER PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN RA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW FORM OF UNIVERSITY-LABOR MARKET COOPERATION

This article examines the technology created in Armenia for professional orientation and career process management, the core of which is the individual in education and work environments, which have an influence on the formation and development of skills and abilities. The methodology of professional orientation of young people was newly presented, highlighting the process of choosing a workplace and role, ensuring professional diversity and growth. As a result, an attempt was made to create a new, more effective model of university-labor market cooperation, which, if used correctly, will create a professional personnel base that meets the requirements of the modern labor market. Taking into account the studies done on students, especially young people, as well as some works of theoretical-methodological and scientific practical significance, a research was carried out within the framework of the article, as a result of which an attempt was made to generalize and systematically present the social problems of students, related to both the past decades and current employment. and unemployment problems.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ МОЛОДЕЖИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ АДАПТАЦИИ К УСЛОВИЯМ РЫНКА ТРУДА

The article examines the professional socialization process of the individual and the adaptation of young people to the impact of conjuncture-forming factors of the labor market from the perspective of the subject-subject approach. The object of the study is young people looking for a job after graduating from a university or recently involved in professional activity. The subject of the study is professional socialization and adaptation of young people to the conditions of the modern labor market. The purpose of the paper is to identify the factors that determine the choice of profession, as well as value orientations for the future professional activity of young people, with the help of which the author attempted to justify a change in the paradigm of professional socialization. The main research methods are analysis and synthesis, systematization and modeling, surveys, questionnaires, and personal individual interviews. Based on the results and conclusions of the study, the author attempted to substantiate the need to shift the vector of narrow professional education towards algorithmic variable-differentiated university education. The hypothesis was confirmed that the development of personal qualities implies the possibility of setting priorities in the ratio of Hard skills and Soft skills by each person independently, depending on value orientations, goals of professional socialization, and specific conditions of the labor market.

RESULTS OF MARKETING RESEARCH ON SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE MARKET FOR PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL LABOR NEEDS

The development of Ukraine as a legal, democratic, and socially oriented state is closely linked to the shaping and evolution of the modern labour market. To achieve this, it is necessary to establish clear and comprehensive mechanisms and systems for accessing this market. Special attention should be given to creating and utilizing additional employment opportunities for individuals with special needs. Currently, individuals with disabilities face significant obstacles to equal competition in the labour market, leading to violations of their right to work, and a lower employment rate compared to the general population. This can initiate a process of gradual exclusion from the sphere of employment, resulting in increased unemployment rates and deepening poverty. The study of international experience in providing employment support for individuals with limited work capabilities is relevant in this context. The focus is on identifying opportunities to apply this experience in Ukraine. Special attention should be given to adapting and implementing technologies, special training programs, and incentivising employers to create an inclusive environment and provide equal opportunities in the labour market. It covers the implementation of measures for workplace adaptation, financial support for employers, and the active involvement of educational institutions and the public in the process of forming suitable infrastructure for inclusive employment. The experience of foreign countries in the field of social protection and employment stimulation for individuals with limited capabilities can serve as a basis for developing and implementing effective national-level strategies that contribute to the inclusion of all segments of the population in Ukraine's active labour force.

Modern trends in teaching Business English

In the modern world, professionally oriented English language training in business is becoming increasingly in demand. The development of cognitive skills, innovative and effective approaches to learning, as well as the development of critical thinking, analytical and independent problem-solving abilities are becoming key to the requirements of modern employers. The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop students’ professional competencies that meet modern labor market requirements. The scope of the study is the analysis of current trends in the field of teaching English in business, as well as the identification of the most effective methods that promote the development of critical thinking, analytical abilities and the ability to independently solve problems. The objectives of the study are to analyze existing approaches to teaching English in business, identifying their strengths and weaknesses, as well as recommendations for optimizing the learning process taking into account modern requirements for professional skills. The purpose of the study is to identify optimal methods and approaches to teaching English that contribute to the development of professional skills and competencies. As a result of the study, optimal approaches to teaching English in business were identified that promote the development of cognitive skills, critical thinking, analytical abilities and the ability to independently solve problems. The main research finding in this area is that effective teaching of English in business should focus on developing not only language skills, but also the cognitive and intellectual abilities of students.

NEW CONTENT OF EDUCATION FOR FUTURE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY SPECIALISTS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Purpose. To develop proposals and recommendations for the modern digital technology tools usage in the educational process in the training of bachelors and masters in the educational and professional program «Occupational Safety and Health», specialty 263 «Civil Security» to improve the quality of education, taking into account the requirements of the labor market. Methodology. General scientific (comparison, classification, generalization, systematization) and empirical (observation, search, description, analysis, SWOT analysis) research methods were used. Results. As a result of the literature review, new learning technologies were analyzed: virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies containing educational games and behavioral simulation, artificial intelligence, cloud technologies, video instructions, which allow to eliminate the discrepancy between the required and existing competencies of future occupational safety and health specialists. A SWOT analysis was conducted to assess the main problems and risks of introducing modern digitalization tools into the educational process when teaching under the educational and professional program «Occupational Safety and Health». During the analysis of cases of digital technologies use, data that allowed us to identify the weaknesses and strengths of technologies have been obtained, the possibilities of their application and the threats that all participants in the educational process may face in modern conditions have been determined. With the proper use of the potential of technology, all participants will be able to achieve the desired results by increasing labor productivity, improving work processes, effectively building a labor management system, and deepening the professional competencies of their employees and future specialists. Scientific novelty. The article shows the use of modern digital technologies: virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), artificial intelligence, cloud technologies to solve problems in the training of future occupational safety and health specialists under martial law, taking into account modern labor market requirements. Practical significance. Increasing the level of modern digital technologies application by all participants in the educational process under the educational and professional program «Occupational Safety and Health» will help to improve the quality of education under martial law and increase the professional level of future specialists. Keywords: digitalization, digital learning technologies, educational process, occupational safety and health, SWOT analysis.

Экспериментальное исследование региональных особенностей занятости женщин старших возрастов на цифровых трудовых платформах: кейс Республики Башкортостан

The article studies the peculiarities of the involvement of women of older age groups (45+) in platform employment. The aim of the research presented in the article is to study platform employment, which has become an integral part of the modern labor market and analyze the possibility of solving urgent employment problems for women of older age groups. The study was carried out on the data of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which allows us to consider the regional peculiarities of the involvement of women aged 45+ in platform employment. The research method is an experiment based on the application of the resume test method, which allows obtaining an objective and reliable assessment of employers’ perception of women of older age groups as potential employees. The study highlights the most popular professions for women’s platform employment. The most visited Russian online employment platforms were assessed; criteria of employers (customers) in the Republic of Bashkortostan of service providers on the online platform was analyzed. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that there is a positive possibility of increasing women’s employment through employment through digital labor platforms that contribute to reducing negative age stereotypes, but only in sectors of the economy with an established system of social roles that play a value-based trust role in choosing a candidate.

Resolution of Individual Labor Disputes by Court Method – Theory and Practice

Individual labor disputes are objective issues of industrial relations and the labor market. The more diverse and rich industrial relations are, the more labor disputes arise and increase in number. Understanding this, in recent years, our Party and State have always paid attention to improving the legal institutions on labor in order to create a harmonious, developed and modern labor market, especially the issue of building and improving the law on resolution of labor disputes in general and individual labor disputes in particular.

INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT THE UNIVERSITY

Background. In this article the authors present a comprehensive review of selected empirical developments on artificial intelligence in education, research on some artificial intelligence technologies and applications, and analyze their potential benefits for the educational process. They also identify the need in the formation of new educational competencies among students, in particular linguo-digital, caused by the modern labor market requirements, and consider the application of the foreign universities experience in relation to the use of artificial intelligence tools in education.
 Purpose. The article aims to identify the potential of artificial intelligence in the formation of digital competencies among students in teaching a foreign language.
 Materials and methods. The research study is based on theoretical and experimental methods along with quantitative evaluation method, to conduct this study.
 Results. The authors focus on the term “linguo-digital competence” as a component of digital competence. Teaching experience demonstrates that multilingual education of students requires digitalization of professional training. It improves their skills in use of artificial technologies in studies of a foreign language, helping to develop professional as well as personal competences.
 Practical implications. The result of the study is recommendations on the methodology for introducing digital technologies into the educational process when teaching a foreign language at a university.

FEATURES OF THE LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE DURING THE WAR

The article highlights the functioning of the modern labor market in Ukraine. The analysis of employment and unemployment indicators, the level of the economically active and unemployed population of Ukraine was carried out. Based on the materials of the state statistical reporting of Ukraine, the general situation in the labor market of Ukraine for the period from March 2022 to January 1, 2023 was considered. The main indicators characteristic of the labor market were studied - employment and unemployment. The causes of unemployment are singled out, the methods of struggle and ways to overcome unemployment are substantiated. The problems of labor migration and emigration in the conditions of martial law are considered. It's done the forecast of the level of unemployment in Ukraine for the coming years. Measures to improve the quality of financial support of the labor market are given. Ways to overcome disparities in the labor market and measures to increase the quality of the national workforce are proposed forces, the demand for labor in general and will ensure a decrease in the unemployment rate in Ukraine.

Gender Labour Discrimination in the Higher Education System: A Case of Georgia

Introduction. Discrimination, especially gender discrimination, is one of the main challenges of the modern labour market. Even though different countries have appropriate policies as well as the desire and readiness of society, gender discrimination remains an unsolved problem in all spheres of activity. Although women's participation and educational opportunities have increased, and they are actively involved in academic activities, according to research, the level of discrimination in this field remains high. The management apparatus of organizations should take into account the fact that discrimination is not only a violation of the country's legislation but also has a negative impact on both the image of the organization and its final results.
 Aim and tasks. This research aims to identify gender discrimination in the higher education system and provide solutions using Georgia.
 Results. The study aims to outline gender discrimination issues in Georgia and its impact on people's personal lives and health. A total of 759 respondents employed at a higher educational institution were interviewed. Despite the fact that the government of Georgia has developed legislative reforms to eliminate discrimination, the results of the study revealed significant problems in the higher education system of Georgia in terms of gender discrimination. Part of them state that they were victims of discrimination most often at the workplace. The results revealed that gender discrimination affected people's health and personal lives.
 Conclusions. Managers must consider many factors to achieve the intended results for an organisation. However, one of the most essential challenges for enhancing employee labour productivity is the creation of a place to work, where the issue of discrimination plays a significant role. Attention was also focused on the factors causing discrimination, to which managers should pay attention to take appropriate measures. The study analysed how men and women perceive the conflicts caused by discrimination in the labour market. Also, it revealed the perception and vision of the ways of solving these conflicts among women and men.

Social Security of Migrant Workers from Ukraine in EU Member States

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="AbstractText">Labor migration is becoming a growing trend in the modern labor market. It has positive aspects, such as the redistribution of labor and the increase in human capital efficiency. However, along with other elements of a flexible labor market, labor migration can also threaten workers' social protection. The study of social security issues helps to assess the extent to which these workers have access to the necessary social services and benefits, which contribute to their well-being and encourage further contribution to the economy. The primary research method is system analysis, which considers social security as a complex system that includes various components, interrelationships, and influences. The research results found that EU legal acts are equality-oriented and give EU member states the opportunity to set their own rules for migrants coming from third countries. As the economic and social situation in different EU countries differs, member states are trying to preserve the shared values and principles of the Union while protecting their markets from additional social obligations related to the employment of third-country nationals. The priorities of Ukraine's migration policy are to protect citizens' rights and interests abroad and coordinate social security systems with recipient countries of Ukrainian labor migrants.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

WHO WORKS LONGER IN LATER LIFE? KEY VARIATIONS IN WORKING LIFE EXPECTANCY IN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract In the context of population aging, policymakers are eager to encourage and enable longer working lives, assuming this will lead to increased tax revenue and reduced demand on social security and health care systems. Simultaneously, individuals who work longer will gain additional income and may experience the psychosocial benefits that come from workplace engagement. However, many factors drive early labor market exit, and blanket policy strategies to extend working lives often ignore the nuances that shape the length of real working lives. Such policies have emerged partly from increased life expectancies, although these measures fail to capture subgroup differences in the capacity to continue working. They also do not account for often discontinuous labor market trajectories, particularly around retirement. As such, scholars have turned to more refined methodologies and concepts like working life expectancy (WLE) to better inform policies that actively aim to increase retirement ages. This symposium highlights an ongoing program of work by the IDEAR network, which examines WLE using longitudinal studies of aging in Europe. The symposium features results from Sweden and England, estimating WLE using multi-state models. Unlike other approaches to estimate life expectancy employing the Sullivan method, this approach allows for reversible transitions between work and non-work, reflecting the dynamic and complex nature of modern labor market transitions and exits. The symposium further presents how WLE varies according to key determinants, including socioeconomic status, healthy lifestyles, and unpaid caregiving, highlighting the policy implications that emerge from recognizing inequalities and variations in WLE across vulnerable subgroups.

РОЗВИТОК МЕТОДИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ВЧИТЕЛІВ ФІЗИКИ ТА ІНФОРМАТИКИ В УМОВАХ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ МУЛЬТИДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОСТІ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ

The article is devoted to the transformation of professional and methodological training of future teachers of physics and computer science in higher education institutions. The modern tendencies of updating the content for professional training for future teachers of physics and computer science on the basis of the fundamental provisions of the Concept of the New Ukrainian School are analyzed. The necessity of updating and/or improving the professional training for future teachers in accordance with the current trends in reforming the education sector and introducing innovative techniques, methods and means of teaching that would ensure that the personal qualities and acquired competencies of university graduates meet the needs and requirements of the modern labor market is substantiated. The article outlines the importance of preparing a modern teacher to organize and implement project-based learning technology in general secondary education institutions. The stages of students’ (future teachers’) work in organizing students’ project activities are described. An indicative “Template of the methodological passport of the educational project” has been developed, according to which students develop scenarios for the implementation of educational projects in the educational process of a modern school. An example of a scenario for a training project developed by students which was successfully tested during the pedagogical practice of students in general secondary education institutions is presented.

Career prospects in learning Chinese in the Kyrgyz Republic

Relevance. The development of career prospects is an important issue in the process of educational and professional training of students of all specialities. In this context, learning the Chinese language by higher education applicants is of particular relevance due to the expansion and strengthening of educational interaction between the Kyrgyz Republic and China.Purpose. A goal was developed, which was to investigate the influence of students� Chinese language skills on their level of competitiveness in the modern labour market and career prospects.Methodology. The study used the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, deduction, abstraction, and generalisation.Results. As a result, the main advantages of acquiring Chinese language skills by future specialists and the possibility of using it in professional activities were established. Special attention in the paper was paid to the current state of ensuring the teaching of this language in universities of the Kyrgyz Republic. As a result, the areas based on which students develop knowledge of the Chinese language were established. The paper proposed methods to increase the efficiency of this process, through the introduction of double diplomas and special bilateral training programmes. In addition, the main advantages of students learning Chinese were revealed, both in the context of future employment and improving the level of professional competence in general. As a result, it was found that the development of proficiency in this language has a direct impact on the expansion of the career prospects of a future specialist.Conclusions. Based on the conclusions obtained in the study, it is advisable to use them in the design of curricula for the Chinese language in universities of the Kyrgyz Republic, which do not have this academic discipline.

Study of the discipline «Lean Manufacturing» as a condition for training specialists for the industrial sector of the economy

Personnel training using the tools and algorithms of the lean manufacturing concept is relevant, since improving the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises is a key issue in the development of the industrial sector of the economy. The main condition for the successful implementation of this methodology is the availability of professional competencies among specialists implementing lean manufacturing at enterprises. Updating the curricula for the preparation of undergraduates, as well as the introduction of a new discipline into the educational process, will make it possible to form a specialist who is ready to work in a lean production environment. At the Department of Innovation in Chemical Technology of Kazan National Research Technological University, the discipline «Lean Manufacturing» has been introduced into the curricula of undergraduates studying in the field of Innovation. In order to identify the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities for the implementation of Lean-methodology, as well as the possession of its tools and algorithms for implementation at enterprises, the authors of the article conducted a questionnaire survey, which showed that a systematic approach is needed to form students' competencies in the field of lean manufacturing to increase their competitiveness in the modern labor market. Studying the discipline «Lean Manufacturing» will allow to form the necessary competencies in the field of Lean-methodology implementation at enterprises and increase labor productivity.

ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНА ПІДТРИМКА УКРАЇНСЬКОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ

The article is devoted to the study of the elements of the Ukrainian labor market infrastructure and their role in the context of modern challenges. The relevance of the study is stipulated by the need to understand and support the effective functioning of the labor market in the face of change and instability. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations aimed at infrastructural support of the labor market as an important condition for adapting to modern challenges, ensuring effective interaction between employers and employees, and developing the Ukrainian labor market in a complex socio-economic context. To achieve this goal, the study solved a number of tasks: defined the concept of "labor market infrastructure", elements of labor market infrastructure and their role in the functioning of the labor market; analyzed the current state of the Ukrainian labor market and negative trends in it; developed recommendations for infrastructure support of the labor market aimed at overcoming them. The study used general scientific methods of cognition: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, association and analogy. The study found that a number of negative trends have emerged in the modern labor market, including a shortage of qualified personnel, a mismatch between the geographical location of jobs and labor, the spread of informal employment, and the inappropriate replacement of men by women in certain industries. Overcoming these challenges requires comprehensive infrastructure support for the labor market. This support should include improving vocational education, continuing the reform of employment services, cooperation between employers, government agencies and educational institutions, adapting legislation to labor market dynamics, and integrating innovations into various sectors of the economy to create new employment opportunities. Encouraging flexible forms of employment, such as remote work and freelancing, is crucial. In addition, creating equal conditions for all workers, regardless of gender, age or social status, is imperative to promote the development of a modern labor market. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to develop and implement effective labor market management strategies.

Staffing in the legal sector: current issues

The article offers a study of current problems in jurisprudence, namely, the problems of higher legal education (methods and quality of education), the problem of employment of the younger generation, and the problem of uncontrolled corruption, which is the basis for all of the above. The study identifies alternative solutions to the problematic issues and ways to improve the current state of jurisprudence so that it could be in line with European standards. The author also highlights the weaknesses of this field that require attention from society and immediate action by the authorities.
 The article points out that under modern conditions, the place of public service staffing in the legal field is becoming fundamentally important and is studied through the prism of recent changes in Ukrainian legislation. It is shown that the organization of public service in modern conditions involves a significant number of interrelated forms and procedures of staffing. The relevant forms include: determination of the strategy of organizational work and staffing; training and preparation work; recruitment and selection of personnel; appointment and filling of positions, placement of personnel; and ensuring the service. It is established that the forms of personnel support outline the boundaries of the relevant personnel procedures. The author identifies and characterizes the specifics of personnel procedures implemented within the framework of these forms of personnel support (for example, within the framework of strategic organizational work and staffing, procedures for calculating the number of public service personnel, positive incentives for this service, etc.) It is theorized that the correct combination of available forms and procedures of staffing contributes to a real increase in the efficiency of the jurisprudence as a whole based on the qualitative use of employees' potential without increasing the time and resources required for staff maintenance.
 The article explains the needs of the modern labor market, and emphasizes that a university degree is not an indicator of the future employee's intelligence and qualifications, as statistics show that 80% of the unemployed are people with higher education.
 In this context, staffing is a preventive tool and a means of preventing corruption, an additional means for compliance with ethical behavior standards and an extra measure for strengthening the institution of responsibility, as well as the basis for the rational use of human resources in public.