Modern Higher Education Research Articles

Conditions for the Formation of an Educational Hub for the Implementation of International Educational Programs in Uzbekistan

In response to the demands of globalization, many countries have focused their efforts on pursuing a policy to create international and regional educational centers, transform their higher education systems, enhance their international activities, and expand joint programs of universities as tools to increase their competitiveness. The purpose of this article is to study the factors affecting competitiveness in the formation of an educational hub, basing on the world experience in educational hubs creation in the context of of higher education institutions globalization and to identify the priority measures to stimulate the integration of international educational programs and expand the universities’ international activities in Uzbekistan. As an empirical base, we used the results of the studies of foreign countries that successfully achieved their goals of forming regional educational hubs, as well as open data on the leading universities in the Central Asia and Uzbekistan’s positions in international rankings on the attractiveness for foreign students. The methodological basis of the research is comparative and systematic analysis, case method, content analysis of websites of leading universities in Central Asia, expert assessment. The theoretical and methodological foundations and factors affecting the competitiveness of the educational activities of the university in the context of globalization and modernization of higher education are considered. Based on the comparative analysis of a significant array of academic and analytical materials to determine the factors of supply and demand (push-pull factors), implemented strategies for the transformation of universities in a group of dynamically developing countries, the authors provide an assessment factors affecting the competitiveness while creating international and regional educational centers of higher education in Uzbekistan, as well as give recommendations on organizational, economic, institutional mechanisms for transforming the higher education system of the republic into a hub for the implementation of international educational programs in the Central Asia.

Principles of Realization of Physical Therapy for Students: Modern Views of Neuropedagogy and Neuropsychology

The article considers the issue of the principles of realization of physical therapy of students from the point of view of neurosciences. The article notes that modern higher education is characterized by the appearance of a new medical specialty "Physical therapy, Ergotherapy". The emphasis is made on the fact that the Ukrainian society badly needed such specialists. The essence of such concepts: "higher education", "specialist", "vocational training", "physical therapy", "Ergotherapy", "rehabilitation therapist", "neuropedagogy", "neuropsychology" is considered. It is noted that physiotherapists from Japan played an important role in assisting athletes during the 2020 Olympic Games. Since 2007, the Ukrainian Association for Physical Therapy has been organized in Ukraine. It is proved that the first appearance of the profession, which is associated with physiotherapy exercises, dates back to the beginning of the XX century. It is noted that the government document gives the right to be in training persons who have special educational problems. A review of articles by domestic and foreign authors on the use of physical therapy to improve human health is made. The main aspects of training a future specialist in physical therapy are disclosed. It is noted that university teachers should think about a modern approach when teaching subjects. The professional training of future specialists in physical therapy to work on improving the health of athletes has been studied in detail. Structural components that should be taken into account by future specialists are noted. The interactive methods and forms of work that are integral to teaching students are named. It is noted that future specialists should have not only knowledge of physical culture, but also pedagogical, psychological and physiological methods of work. In addition, it was noted that for rehabilitation therapists it is important knowledge of intersubject relationships. The active-operational component of the professional activity of students has been investigated. In addition, it is noted that the physiotherapist should be professional in the selection of exercises for remedial gymnastic. Since it was found that the neuropsychological overload of students requires physical therapy.

THE ROLE OF A COMMUNICATIVE TASK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS AT THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES

Introduction. Modern higher education is aimed at the formation of students’ soft skills, giving them the opportunity to work successfully in a competitive environment and market instability of 21st century. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of a communicative task and reveal psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the concept “4C” including such key competences as communication, creativity, critical thinking and cooperation.
 Research methods. The research was carried out by the analysis of scientific, educational and methodological literature and pedagogical experience in the formation of professional competences for undergraduates.
 Results. The article shows that during the process of dialogic foreign language speech the students get favorable conditions for the development of soft skills. Under this educational process foreign language speech-thinking activity is successfully realized through generation of ideas and arguments aimed at the joint communicative task solution. The obtained results contribute to the methodology and technology of modern professional education, expanding the understanding of the role of a communicative task in the formation of key competences. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the author has developed psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of soft skills at the process of foreign language teaching. These conditions are the formulation of a communicative task as a problem and a speech communication situation, teaching students the rules of cooperation and the establishment of trust relations between them. The communicative task plays the main role in the creation of conditions for the soft skills formation.
 Practical implications. The results of the study can be obtained in the practice of foreign language teaching in the university.
 Conclusion. It was revealed that the solution of a problem during the professional communication is the main condition of conscious study of the foreign language and leads to the development of soft skills.

The use of digital games in the professional training of social pedagogues: realities and perspectives

The article presents the possibilities of using digital games in the process of professional training of social educators. It was found that for the development of digital game-centered learning it is necessary to combine the efforts of public, private, charitable and public institutions and organizations that prepare for game design, training, organize exhibitions, competitions, festivals, which is the main direction of modern education as an important component. Competencies of the 21st century were talked about. It is determined that the use of computer games enhances the freedom of experiment, identity and social rewards, deepens personal experience by developing three basic needs for training motivation: competence (student feels the process of acquiring new knowledge and skills); autonomy (the student feels control over the educational process); interconnectedness (the student feels the connection with colleagues during the educational process). It is proved that the use of digital games in the professional training of social educators is an innovative and promising vector for the modernization of the educational process in modern higher education institutions as a whole.

The use of distance learning technologies in the process of teaching the discipline "History of Physical Culture" to students majoring in 017 Physical Culture and Sports: the challenges of time

The article describes the use of distance learning technologies in the teaching of the discipline «History of Physical Culture» to students majoring in 017 Physical Culture and Sports: the challenges of time. The use of information and communication technologies in modern higher education has a number of advantages, the main of which are increasing the level of access to education and giving students the opportunity to access the hosted educational and methodological complex of the discipline.
 The coronavirus pandemic has forced higher education institutions to adapt to a rapidly changing situation that was unimaginable a few months ago. The task of distance learning is to provide citizens with the opportunity to exercise the constitutional right to education and professional qualifications, training regardless of gender, race, nationality, social and property status, gender and nature of occupation, worldview, party affiliation, religion, religion, state of health, place of residence according to their abilities.
 With the help of the educational information portal, the teacher independently develops electronic courses and conducts training, sends messages to students, distributes, collects and checks tasks, maintains electronic journals, which significantly increases the efficiency of studying the discipline. The creation of an electronic course «History of Physical Culture» allows you to meet the challenges of time, increase and improve the effectiveness of learning and promote the development of creative abilities of students.

Assessment of the teaching methods impact on the level of financial literacy

This paper contains the results of the study to assess the impact of teaching methods on the level of students functional literacy. The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of developing a scientific basis for the preparation of modern higher education training programs aimed at developing the rigid and flexible skills of future specialists. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources and accumulated pedagogical experience, the features and components of the concept of functional literacy are identified, on the basis of which a conclusion is made about the complex nature of this concept. This character allows us to apply various forms to assess the achievement of the functional literacy concept components. This approach was realized during our experiment, the results of which are reflected in this paper. Currently, in pedagogical science, the influence of various forms of education on the functional literacy level of students has been studied to an incomplete degree. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of teaching methods on the functional literacy level of students. The basic research method is a scientific experiment. Classical and innovative (interactive) forms and technologies of practical classes were used as the experimental material. Two groups of students of Economics specialty were chosen as the object of research during their final year. To achieve the purpose of the study, a sequential multi-stage study was conducted. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were made about the possibility of using various forms of education in order to improve the functional literacy of students. The possibilities of using interactive forms of education to improve the functional literacy of students of socio-humanitarian areas of training are revealed.

ГНОСЕОЛОГІЧНА СУТНІСТЬ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В УМОВАХ СТРУКТУРНО-ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ПЕРЕТВОРЕНЬ

The article provides insights into the nature and specifics of social responsibility of higher education institutions in the context of transformational economy. In particular, it is argued that in the frameworks of structural and innovative transformations, technogenic safety as a readiness to be socially responsible, contributes to implementing the idea of integration of philosophical, legal, sociological and pedagogical approaches to enhance the performance of modern higher education institutions. The most critical factors in building social responsibility are the focus on professional responsibility, autonomy of higher education institutions, as well as the compliance with the principle of freedom of choice and responsibility in providing dual education services and applied research. The hypothesis of the study is the statement that in the context of structural and innovative transformations, the gnoseological nature of social responsibility of higher education institutions is embodied in gradual building of a technogenic safety paradigm. The research objective is to explore the specifics of social responsibility of higher education institutions from the perspectives of structural and innovative transformations. To attain the study agenda, the following research methods have been employed: historical analysis – to track successive changes in social responsibility concepts in the area of higher education subject to evolutionary development of society; analysis and synthesis techniques – to reveal the content and structure of a social responsibility framework. The findings demonstrate that a technological background to facilitate successive change in the structure of social responsibility elements is the following chain relationship: goals – knowledge – methods – activities. In this chain, goals are considered as expected professional performance outcomes; knowledge, methods and activities – as the capacity (readiness) of higher education institutions to implement effective professional technologies to attain the best results along with meeting all stakeholders’ demands. The summary concludes that the gnoseological implications in building social responsibility in higher education institutions affect the content of goals and the qualitative variety of tools which rely upon worldview and cultural societal values, as well as moral principles and ethical standards of educational activities.

НА ШЛЯХУ ДО ПОСТНЕКЛАСИЧНОГО ДІАЛОГУ У ВИЩІЙ ОСВІТІ

Introduction. Renewing the "picture of the world" requires a new culture of academic dialogue between students and teachers, which in the postclassical paradigm is understood as a dialogue of cultures. educational process at the university and training of future professionals.Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of postclassical dialogue as a tool of didactic interaction in modern higher education in order to outline the problems of its effectiveness in postclassical conditions.Originality. The peculiarities of postclassical dialogue as a tool of didactic interaction in modern higher education are substantiated.The first, such a characteristic was a new type of rationality, understood as the variability of the boundaries of thinking.Thus, the content of didactic dialogue focuses on a new type of productivity - not on the assimilation of a certain amount of educational content, but on a specific professional achievement of the student. Measuring it, new measures of its individual development are defined. The second feature of the study was the principle of additionality of two subjects in the dialogue, which can last as long as one of the subjects needs the other. This obliges them to constantly change the limits of their competence. The third characteristic of the didactic dialogue was its holding as a dialogue of cultures, which requires knowledge of the history, experience and culture of each of the subjects, which are perceived as cultural products of their time.Methods. To solve this goal, a set of methods was used: study and analysis of scientific and special literature and practical experience on the research problem; pedagogical observation, conversation.Results. An understandingoftheculturological-dialogicalperspectiveinuniversity didactics, which provides for the voluntary involvement of students in creating something new as a value, as sustainability, is presented. Such a philosophy is aimed at practical life and cannot be implemented outside of dialogic communication, because dialogic interaction is a tool of human development.

CHANGING THE PARADIGM OF HIGHER EDUCATION: INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN EDUCATION

The article discusses the use of interactive educational technologies in the new conditions of teaching philological disciplines. Modernization of higher education, changing the paradigm of higher education is carried out in the system of integration of science, education and innovation. The teacher’s functions are presented as initiating and coordinating learning activities. Interactive forms and methods of teaching contribute to the formation of students’ creative thinking, readiness for self-determination, deep independent comprehension of the studied material, and successful generation of new ideas.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ СТУДЕНТОВ

The article analyzes the relationship between the concepts of efficiency and quality of competence formation among students in a modern university. These concepts are revealed based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature. It is shown that the modernization of higher education has determined the need to develop innovations and their introduction into the educational process of universities. The article identifies the problem of the dependence of the effectiveness and quality of the formation of students' competencies and the use of innovative pedagogical technologies. Further directions of scientific research include the development of criteria for determining the quality and effectiveness of the formation of students' competencies.

НОВІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ОСВІТНІХ ПОСЛУГ У СФЕРІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

Modern higher education is characterized by high competition provided educational services. The functioning of the university in a market environment implies its entrepreneurial activity, which is aimed at the wide involvement of consumers of educational services. The strategy of the university is to transform it into real competitive advantages in the form of competitive educational services and programs based on the analysis of environmental factors and the components of its competitive potential. The innovation policy strategy defines the general direction of the vision, mission, long-term goals of the innovation policy of the university, based on the philosophy of its development and the needs of consumers of educational services, based on his intellectual potential as the basis of life. In its innovation development policy, each university needs to determine why and how it should develop at the present time in order to realize the vision, mission and achieve the desired goals in the future. The paper considers innovative approaches to managing the competitiveness of a higher educational institution in the educational services market. It has been proved that in competitive market conditions, each university must implement its own individual management system, diversify the range and content of educational services, master the marketing aspects of educational and scientific activities in order to attract consumers and increase competitiveness in the modern conditions of educational market development. The paper also substantiates that the problems of ensuring the competitiveness of universities and the choice of a strategy for their activities in the conditions of regional competition is an important issue not only within the framework of a single higher educational institution, but also for the region and the state as a whole. Solving the tasks of optimizing the activities of educational institutions as independent units in the market of educational services as a result will contribute to the harmonious development of both a single university and the higher education system as a whole, which will inevitably have a positive impact on the overall level of training of qualified specialists in this field of activity.

On the Formation of Universal Competences in Modern Higher Education: Theoretical Approaches and the Logic of Effectiveness

On the Formation of Universal Competences in Modern Higher Education: Theoretical Approaches and the Logic of Effectiveness

Research on innovative model of engineering leadership development based on action learning

At present, talent competition is becoming a focus of international competition. Both developed countries and large developing countries regard scientific and technological human resources as the core factor of strategic resources and enhancing national competitiveness, and vigorously strengthen the capacity building of scientific and technological human resources. Engineering leadership training is a new direction in modern higher education. Enterprises require graduates not only to be experts in design and analysis, but also to have leadership, with excellent communication, expression, adaptation, coordination and management characteristics. In recent years, the state's investment in industrial science and technology activities has maintained rapid growth, the national financial science and technology appropriation has increased steadily, the enterprise's investment in science and technology has maintained rapid growth, and the expenditure on scientific research and experimental development has continuously refreshed historical levels. Various organizations in China are also gradually applying action learning for leadership development. From the effect of action learning and traditional methods on leadership development, this paper discusses the innovation and educational measures of leadership development based on action learning.

SELF-ORGANIZATION OF PERSONAL POTENTIAL AS A FACTOR IN EFFECTIVE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Consideration of the essence of the process of self-organization of personal potential and its role in the course of professional training of students in modern psychological and pedagogical theory and practice is based on modern general scientific methodological approaches: the system and activity, synergetic, semantic and anthropological approaches. The author discusses the self-organization of personal potential as a factor in the effective professional training of university students for self-realization in the type of work they choose; reveals the principles, meanings and motivational and value orientations of graduate students’ use of their skills to use personal potential in the condi- tions of the educational process in modern higher education.

EXPERIENCE IN TEACHING PEDIATRIC PROPAEDEUTICS TO ENGLISH-SPEAKING STUDENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL FACULTY AT THE ODESA NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Pediatric propedeutics is the basic discipline for the foundation of the clinical thinking of the future doctor. The purpose of our work is to highlight the issues of teaching pediatric propaedeutics to English-speaking students of the international faculty at the Department of Pediatric Propaedeutics of ONMedU in the historical aspect for 25 years. Research objectives: to reveal the details of the work of the Department of Pediatric Propaedeutics of ONMedU in the preparation of foreign English-speaking students under the action of various systems of higher education in Ukraine. During the period of teaching English-speaking students to propaedeutics of pediatrics since 1996, traditional methods of teaching clinical discipline have been supplemented with modern educational technologies. Conclusions. At the Department of Pediatric Propaedeutics of the Odesa National Medical University for the past 25 years, teaching methods are changing dynamically due to the modernization of higher education in Ukraine. At the Department of Pediatric Propaedeutics of the ONMedU, the optimization of the training of foreign students studying in English is achieved by combining traditional teaching methods with using of innovative educational and training technologies. All this allows to increase the level of professional knowledge, skills and abilities, contributes to the formation of personal and business qualities of the future doctor and, in general, to increase the international authority of the University. Key words: Department of Pediatric Propaedeutics, students, teaching methods.

Methodology for the formation of an individual approach in the training of targeted highly qualified specialists at the request of the aviation industry

Modern higher education is a rather complex process that requires a special methodology for building the process of obtaining education by future specialists. In the aerospace industry, to simplify the process of searching for future employees of enterprises among applicants/students, a tool such as targeted training is used. At the same time, it does not guarantee the effectiveness of training a student, due to the linearity of the process of targeted learning. In addition, inertia is another important problem in targeted training. This paper presents a methodology for implementing individualization of the training of target students, which will solve the problems described above. Enterprises classify targeted queries into three vectors. The first vector covers further vocational education (FVE). It is associated with specific qualifications required by the employer and industry. The second vector is the classical scheme for preparing students. According to this scheme, training takes place according to the list of educational programs implemented by the university. But at the same time, this vector has the largest number of problems. The third vector is full-cycle training. The main aspect is the application of individualization of the learning process and individual tutoring.

About University Autonomy in Institutional Execution

The principle of university autonomy and academic freedom laid down by Wilhelm von Humboldt, one of the founders of modern higher education in Europe, does not just take root in Russian higher education. The state (federal) administration, which we called “institutional execution”, determines the main forms of university activity. Nevertheless, the entry into the Bologna process (USE, GIFO, educational loans, etc.), the successful implementation of the 5-100 and 2030 megaprojects allow us to talk about the sustainable development of higher professional education. The issue of access to quality education and overcoming inequalities is discussed.

Working conditions of physical education teachers in European higher education institutions

Aim: One of the problems of modern higher education is the so-called "New core curricula", which oblige PE teachers to make many changes in the way they work. PE teachers face several restrictions to provide PE programs that improve students' physical fitness, cognitive development, and overall health. The research aimed to investigate the working conditions of university PE teachers in selected European tertiary institutions. Materials and Methods: The quantitative research employed purposive sampling. Five academics volunteered to collect information on 66 European tertiary institutions located in Poland, Slovakia, Serbia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Turkey, Spain, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Finland and Kosovo. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires with a set of questions concerning characteristics of tertiary institutions and various aspects of working conditions of university PE teachers. Results: Two thirds of the university PE teachers held master's degree in PE since in over 42% of surveyed institutions, a master's degree in physical education was required to conduct PE classes. The majority of PE teachers (84.4%) were employed full-time, and on average worked 38.6 days in an academic year. Significantly more PE teachers with masters and doctoral degrees (p = 0.012) were employed full-time, or fixed term in public, middle size HEIs (p <0.001). In HEIs in cities with less than 500,000 residents, PE teachers were more often encouraged for participation in CPD (p = 0.049). Significantly more public HEIs fully or partially covered the costs of CPD or conferences (p <0.001), whereas in non-public or small HEIs significantly more PE teachers had to finance the costs of CPD. Moreover, significantly more (p =0.037) universities implemented specific PE teachers’ evaluation criteria with a personal record of their achievements. Conclusion: There is a pressing need to improve qualifications of university PE teachers, as many European HEIs do not support PE teachers in CPD. Furthermore, lack of CPD opportunities, low salaries and lack of career promotion perspectives combined with lower psychological resilience, may result in professional burnout syndrome.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDEPENDENT WORK OF HIGHER SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REFORMATIONS: 1905–1916

Introduction. Modern requirements for the training of specialists, their competencies encourage a more thorough study of the development of theory and practice of independent work of students in the history of higher education in Ukraine. Purpose. To substantiate the transformation of leading trends in the organization and content of independent work of students in higher education in the period under study. Methods. To achieve the goal of the scientific article, the integration of methods was used: chronologicalsystemic – aimed at revealing trends in the development of independent work in higher education as a didactic category; personified-bibliographic – for the analysis of epistolary heritage, the contribution of pedagogicalpersonalities in the development of the problem; structural-comparative – in order to systematize the scientificliterature, archival documents and compare their content; historical-diachronic – for scientific substantiation ofthe genesis and evolution of the content of independent work of students in the educational process of highereducational institutions of a certain period.Results. The formation of a network of new higher education institutions in Ukraine determined the need todevelop mechanisms for organizing and guiding the process of formation of theory and practice of independent workof students in the educational process depending on the specifics of training. Independent work as a pedagogicalcategory is characterized by multifunctionality, species diversity and diversity in the forms of implementation in theeducational process of higher education institutions.Originality. Analysis of scientific sources, archival materials, the results of the study allowed to formulatethe studied phenomenon.It is investigated that at the beginning of the twentieth century. in pedagogical thoughtwe observe the emergence of a new principle of learning theory – the active acquisition of knowledge throughindependent work.Conclusion. The study of the problem revealed that the increased interest in independent work, the pace of itsdevelopment as a psychological and pedagogical category, as well as the quality it achieved in the period underconsideration, due to understanding the epistemological and practical significance of independent work.Chronological and systematic analysis suggests the need for further constructive research of the historical andpedagogical component of the process of development of theory and practice of independent work of students in theeducational process of educational institutions and actualization of constructive experience in modernizing modernhigher education in Ukraine.

Alternative Approaches to The Reform of Higher Education: Manageralism VS. New Public Service

The article is devoted to the analysis of alternative approaches applicable to modern reform of higher education. Last three decades, the set of management technologies of the new public management (NPM) has significantly transformed higher education, introducing application some elements of quasi-markets and metric systems of performance indicators. Their large-scale use was reinforced by the ideology of new manageralism, which builds confidence among managers in effectiveness of their application in higher education. However, the experience of their practical implementation has given rise to negative effects and problems associated with emergence of institutional traps. These traps have become serious obstacles to development of modern higher education. The possible alternative when adjusting development in this sphere can be the concept of “the new public service”, which has been implemented in recent years within civil service reform. This new approach is based on cultivating the set of ethical values and principles that promote openness, transparency, democracy and cooperation between bureaucrats and consumers of public services. Due to some specifics of professional activity in the academic environment, its principles and values can be successfully applied in higher education too. The article offers an interpretation of application of this approach in the context of expanding project education and cultivating key values of the academic community in context of management of higher education.