Modern China Research Articles

Cross-border Data Flow Governance: The Integration of International Experience and China's Modernization Path

Cross-border Data Flow Governance: The Integration of International Experience and China's Modernization Path

From a grand hotel to an urban symbol: the Astor Hotel in old and new Tianjin

This article examines the enduring iconicity, multifaceted functions, and changing meanings of the Astor Hotel in Tianjin—one of the first international hotels in modern China—from the mid-19th century to the 21st century. Originally built more than 150 years ago, the Astor Hotel still stands exactly where it did in the former British Concession in Tianjin. This hotel was not only a venue boasting Tianjin’s most expensive accommodations but also a crucial site where politics, technology, economics, social, and cultural changes intersected and developed in its treaty port incarnation. Moreover, the expansion of the Astor Hotel evolved along with the development of Tianjin from a hypercolonial city to a Chinese-run metropolis. Shortly after the Communist Revolution in China, its ownership was overtaken by the Tianjin Municipal Government. Following a sequence of major renovations and commercial relaunches in the 1990s, the Astor Hotel was restored and reconstructed as an emblem of Tianjin’s historical status as an international and cosmopolitan city in China. Both continuity and changes will be emphasised in the discussion of the Astor Hotel’s history, as well as its multiple functions and shifting symbolic significance.

Between History and Phantasmagoria: Critical Nostalgic Lyricism in Alai's Poetry and Short Fiction

In his poetry and fiction, Alai creates a historiography of Eastern Tibet replete with the grandeur and magnificence of the past occasionally interposed with some oppressive cultural practices. It is a historiography motivated and energized by nostalgic lyricism, which helps locate and construct a symbolic Tibetan ethnicity. This article proposes that Alai's nostalgic lyricism critically reflects on the inversion of loss and the compensation of lack, thus articulating alternatives against the discontent of the present. In so doing, Alai formulates a minority position against the forces of deterministic historicism and discourse of linear modernity that have constantly placed the minority subject in modern China under threat of erasure.

Политическая этика Си Цзиньпина — наследование и развитие идей «Управления страной добротой» конфуцианства и марксистской этики

Modern China is an industrialized, high-tech state. But even at the beginning of the last century it was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The Chinese people made a number of attempts to save the country and revive it, and finally found the path that suited them — the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The guiding ideology of socialism is Marxism, and the Chinese specificity is the traditional thoughts and culture ingrained in the mentality of the nation. The characteristic of the Chinese way is the perfect combination of these two philosophical thoughts. So how do you combine this? This article uses the example of Xi Jinping’s political ethics to analyze its guiding ideology — Confucius’s concept of governing the country with kindness and Marxist ethics. The authors first analyze the specific meaning of Xi Jinping’s political ethics, and then analyze the basis of the philosophical thought of his ethics: The set of political strategies included in the Confucian idea of virtue-based government: political strategies, talent strategies, economic strategies and management strategies; as well as the main characteristics of Marx’s ethics. This proves that building socialism with Chinese characteristics benefits from the high degree of compatibility between Marxism and traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The novelty of this article also lies in the fact that it talks about traditional Chinese Confucianism and Marxist philosophy in one dimension.

Ian M. Miller, Fir and Empire: The Transformation of Forests in Early Modern China

Ian M. Miller, <i>Fir and Empire: The Transformation of Forests in Early Modern China</i>

Patterns of Internationalising Higher Education and the Flows of Education Resources during the Late Qing Dynasty of China

During late Qing, neocolonialism was a serious phenomenon situated in the higher education, forcing universities to globalise and adopt foreign education patterns. Furthermore, there are also some outward flows of education resources, although there were more tints of inward flows of education resources. This paper aims to address two research questions: What are the patterns of internationalization in higher education institutions during the Late Qing Dynasty? To what extent, the higher education resources flow inbound and outbound during the Late Qing Dynasty? Based on the telephone interview with six professors of education history in China, it is found that as impacted by Western colonialism, Chinese universities showed a strong signal of globalisation in the late Qing. Meanwhile, some traditional teaching patterns and textbooks with Chinese characteristics were also used to stir the learning enthusiasm of local students. In the late Qing, inward/inbound flows of education resources were more evidenced than outward/outbound flows. This could be exemplified by some major sources of the textbooks used at universities. Specifically, the first source was the western teachers, who bought textbooks from the mother countries. The second source was many Chinese ambassadors to France and Britain, who sent back to China the original western textbooks. It is hoped that future study will focus on the patterns of internationalizing higher education and flows of education resources during Modern China.

The establishment, development and change to the modern quarantine system at Swatow seaport

The right of seaports to quarantine in modern China was lost to western colonists in the 1880s. The establishment of the quarantine system at Swatow seaport made Swatow the first city in modern Guangdong to have such a system. This paper examines the content and development of the quarantine system at Swatow seaport and found the two main periods of the quarantine system development. 1883 -1926 was the period for the preliminary development of the quarantine system, which was under the management of the westerners. 1926 - 1949 was the period when it was regained by the then Chinese government but it was caught in a bid of multiple political powers before new China evolved. In such a process of power shifts and system changes, the benefits to the public were not valued and guaranteed. The development history of the quarantine system in modern Swatow seaport in the Republic of China Period mirrored the development of the quarantine system in China at that time.

Analyzing the Application of Traditional Chinese Cultural Elements in Brand Packaging Design With Design Semiotics: A Case Study of Modern China Tea Shop

Analyzing the Application of Traditional Chinese Cultural Elements in Brand Packaging Design With Design Semiotics: A Case Study of Modern China Tea Shop

Reconstruction of Knowledge and Medical Images in the Convergence of Chinese and Western Medicine ——Taking “Sweet Meat” as an Example

Abstract: The pancreas is neither part of the five Zang organs (五脏) nor the six Fu organs (六腑). Thus, it has received little attention in Chinese medical literature. In the late 19th century, medical missionaries in China started translating and introducing anatomical and physiological knowledge about the pancreas. As for the word pancreas, an early and influential translation was “sweet meat” (甜肉), proposed by Benjamin Hobson (合信). The translation “sweet meat” is not faithful to the original meaning of “pancreas”, but is a term coined by Hobson based on his personal habits, and the word “sweet” appeared by chance. However, in the decades since the term “sweet meat” became popular, Chinese medicine practitioners, such as Tang Zonghai (唐宗海), reinterpreted it by drawing new medical illustrations for “sweet meat” and giving new connotations to the word “sweet”. This discussion and interpretation of “sweet meat” in modern China, particularly among Chinese medicine professionals, is not only a dissemination and interpretation of the knowledge of “pancreas”, but also a construction of knowledge around the term “sweet meat”.

Implementation of the Physica Education Curriculum and Physical Literacy of the College Students in China

With the rapid economic development and improved living standards in China, health and physical activity have gained increasing importance. Physical Education (PE) courses, as a vital component of higher education, play a crucial role in cultivating well-rounded talents with robust physical health. However, the current implementation of PE curricula faces numerous challenges, including inadequate university emphasis, imperfect facilities, weak faculty strength, monotonous teaching content, and outdated teaching methods, resulting in unsatisfactory physical literacy outcomes among college students. Meanwhile, factors such as changing lifestyles, academic and employment pressures, and misconceptions about sports further hinder the improvement of physical literacy. This study aims to explore the relationship between PE curriculum implementation and physical literacy cultivation among college students, propose targeted improvement suggestions based on assessments and analyses of the current status, and delve into the cultivation mechanisms and development patterns to optimize PE courses and enhance college students' physical literacy. Theoretically, this research will enrich the theoretical framework of physical education; practically, it will promote the all-round development of college students, elevate their overall quality and competitiveness, and contribute to China's modernization drive.

Traceability and Reflection: Contemporary Revelations of Li Ruiqing’s Art Education Thought

Li Ruiqing is an essential founder of higher art education in modern China. He advocated a new style of education for a better country. He founded the Drawing and Handicrafts Section, the first teacher-training art department in the country at that time, at the Two Rivers Normal School. It pioneered the opening of art specialties in Chinese higher education and trained a large number of art education talents for Chinese art education. Its spirit of education to develop the country, dare to be the first, and the courage to take responsibility for modern art education thought has an essential impact on the innovation of modern art education thought and the formation of the contemporary spirit of the times of courage to take responsibility for the critical impact.

Evaluation of the Coupling and Coordination Degree of the Wellness Tourism Industry in Panxi Area

The party's 20th report points out that green and healthy development is an extremely important part of the China's modernization drive, an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the country, and a basic means to realize that "clear waters and green mountains are gold and silver mountains". Sichuan province actively promotes the construction of a strong wellness industry, and strives to build Panxi region into an international sunshine wellness tourism destination. In recent years, the mass tourism market demand escalating, promote the tourism market emerging industry development, wellness industry, in response to the mass tourism market development status, this paper built covers two evaluation dimensions eight elements 16 evaluation index wellness brigade industry coupling coordinated development index system, using the entropy method and coupling coordination model in panxi area wellness industry and tourism industry coupling coordinated development level, based on the evaluation results. The study results show that: (1) with good coupling development degree and strong interaction; (2) the coordinated development level of wellness tourism industry in Panzhihua is low, Panzhihua is in moderate imbalance, Liangshan Prefecture is on the verge of imbalance, with large development space; (3) from 2017 to 2021 is wellness lag type, Liangshan Prefecture is tourism lag type in 2020 alone. Through the research and analysis of the coordinated development of wellness tourism in Panxi region, the comprehensive level of coordinated development of wellness tourism in Panzhihua is revealed, and then three suggestions are put forward: (1) improve the construction of wellness facilities and enhance the coordinated development level of wellness tourism; (2) build the integrated development mechanism of wellness tourism and tourism and promote the coordinated development of wellness tourism industry; (3) optimize the wellness tourism environment and promote the sustainable development of wellness tourism.

The Amplification of Intuitive Archetypal Images with Clients: The Fox Image in Modern China

ABSTRACT This paper will provide a case study to show how the psychoanalyst can use the intuitive archetypal image from a client in the analytic process. The animal image occurred in the analysis has been amplified beyond personal, cultural, historical associations as a ¨fox¨ in modern China. The fox image represents an archetype of masculine energy emerged from female agency as the animal instinct to break through tradition and the limitations of culture and gender.

Political Economy in Early Modern China and Its Relevance to Contemporary China

ABSTRACT This article seeks to develop an understanding of the historical political economy of late imperial/early modern China, from the Song through the Qing dynasties, which recognizes its basic features as a distinctive Chinese form of commercial capitalism. Using defining characteristics of capitalism as set forth in Marx’s analysis of European, particularly English, capitalism, this article argues that the structures and functions of the late imperial Chinese economy, and the cultural inflections generated by that economy, constitute a historical form of capitalism clearly different in its details, but substantially embodying the key features of Western capitalism, such as commodity production, elaborate market mechanisms, credit and finance systems, a monetized system of exchange, and the extraction of surplus value from labor for accumulation by commercial actors in both the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. This is important not only for the correct identification of the late imperial/early modern Chinese system and for understanding the diversity of capitalist development outside the traditional Eurocentric framework, but also for its relevance to contemporary China’s project of socialist construction.

THE ROLE OF CONFUCIANISM IN THE IDEOLOGICAL DOCTRINE OF MODERN CHINA

The article attempts to consider the complex and sometimes contradictory system of interaction that prevails in modern China between the Marxist ideology and the Confucian worldview, which is historically a priority for this state. The main tenets of Confucius’ teachings are presented: traditionalism, an internal system of moral and ethical values, and even a strict hierarchical system of social interactions. During the 20th and the first quarter of the 21st century, Confucianism and Marxism went through a complex and sometimes tragic system of relations. From the complete prohibition of Confucius during the period of acute socio-political reformation ("Movement for a new culture" and the "cultural revolution") to a relatively neutral attitude in the intermediate historical period. The current stage of development of the ideological model of Chinese society can be characterized as a creative symbiosis between Marxism and Confucianism.

From sanctus to shengren: mediating Christian and Chinese concepts of human excellence in early modern China

ABSTRACT In the 1580s, when the Jesuit missionaries Michele Ruggieri (1543–1607) and Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) established the first Jesuit mission in China, the terms “translatability” and “cultural incommensurability” were yet to enter the European lexicon, but these questions were addressed implicitly through the translation choices employed in the mission field. For the early missionaries, translatability had immense ramifications for their missionary practice. One of the foremost challenges was how to communicate in Chinese the concept of “sanctity,” which was central to Christian soteriology. There was a range of terms in Chinese intellectual and religious traditions that the Jesuits drew upon to translate sanctus such as shengren 聖人 zhenren 真人, and xian 仙, but each of these terms implied a certain commensurability between Christian and indigenous Chinese conceptions of human excellence. This paper will present a microhistory of early Jesuit attempts to translate sanctus in Chinese, and reflect upon the significance of these translation choices for the development of the Jesuits’ missionary strategy.

:The Space of Religion: Temple, State, and Buddhist Communities in Modern China

:<i>The Space of Religion: Temple, State, and Buddhist Communities in Modern China</i>

Older parents’ perceptions of children's filial piety in rural China: The roles of coresidence, geographic proximity, and intergenerational support

Filial piety—the belief that children should provide care, support, respect, and obedience to their older parents—is a fundamental normative expectation in East Asian societies. This study investigates the relationship between the geographic proximity of children and the support received from them, and their parents’ perceptions of filial piety in rural China. We used the 2021 wave of the Longitudinal Study of Older Adults in Anhui Province to predict parental assessments of filial piety for each of their children. Random-effects linear probability models using an internal moderator approach were employed to compare coresident children with non-coresident children based on their proximity and support provided. Findings indicate that parents tend to perceive their coresident children as being more filial compared to non-coresident children, particularly when parents are in worse functional health. However, non-coresident children can compensate for their deficiency in being perceived as filial by providing more financial support and maintaining frequent telephone communication with their parents. The study's results suggest that filial piety norms in rural China have adapted to the diminished emphasis on intergenerational coresidence resulting from the trends of urbanization and significant rural–urban migration in modern China, requiring that children find alternative ways to fulfill their filial obligations.

Researching the accounting-state-market dynamic in China: A literature review and research agenda

Accounting has long been studied as a social and institutional practice structured by the actions of state agencies and market forces. Such studies are increasingly conducted in non-Western jurisdictions. This paper presents a review of extant studies investigating the dynamic connections among accounting, state agencies, and markets in modern China. Our aim is to critically evaluate extant literature, synthesize its insights, and open up new research avenues. We examine 92 accounting studies, which have been inductively classified into three distinctive thematic clusters. In so doing, three major features of current research are identified: first, an emphasis on the inexorable power of Chinese state agencies; second, a focus on national relations among accounting, state, and market; and third, a lack of attention to how accounting functions in specific local settings. Consequently, key research opportunities lie in (a) deeper theorization of the hybridity of China's state-market mix, (b) analysis of the local-global networks in which hybridity circulates and is manifested, and (c) contemporary studies of accounting in action in a Chinese context.

중국 현대 주방 디자인 연구 동향 시각화 분석

Kitchen has experienced thousands of years of development and change, is the witness and epitome of social and economic metamorphosis and cultural development. 21st century, China's modern kitchen design has undergone a great transformation, in order to clarify the current situation and development trend of kitchen design research in China over the past 20 years, the literature of three Chinese databases was used as the data source, and Cite Space V metrological visual analysis tool was used to map the scientific knowledge of 906 key literature. The scientific knowledge map was drawn. We analysed the publication volume, research institutions, research authors and keywords of the literature from 2000 to 2023, and sorted out the research profiles and trends. Research content from the cabinet design and cabinet design to the study of the behaviour of workers, the object of research from a wide range of people to focus on specific groups of special groups, from the surface layer of sensory design optimization to the essence of the layer of space within the depth of the ethical, the future development trend of the kitchen to become the focus of the direction of the study will be to the space scenarios, science and technology-enabled design, the use of the population segments and other perspectives will continue to be explored in-depth.