Modern Automation Research Articles

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ СРЕДСТВ АВТОМАТИКИ И ТЕЛЕМЕХАНИКИ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ПОЕЗДОВ В МЕТРОПОЛИТЕНАХ ПРИ ВНЕДРЕНИИ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

To perfect processes of planning, organization and management of transportation process in the undergrounds, automatic complex systems of train traffic are developed. Such systems are embodied on the acting infrastructure during its improvement and the rework of morally and physically outdated automation objects and cope with already industry-introduced systems of automatic planning, organization and management. The usage of complex systems of train traffic management in the undergrounds allows to rise essentially the quality and efficiency of transportation process, especially, at extraordinary situation appearance. In the presented article, the scenarios of switch of acting devices are developed onto the modern automation equipment of train traffic management on metro lines. Technical requirements to parts are presented as well as intrinsic specificities for this or that switch scenario of the equipment are outlined. The submitted results may appear useful at practical realization of complex systems of the underground train traffic control.

ОПЫТ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГО- И РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В СИСТЕМАХ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

Abstract. The article considers a set of scientific approaches and technical measures aimed at improving the ef-ficiency of power supply to ferrous metallurgy enterprises, currently being designed by the scientific schools of the Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University together with PJSC “Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works”. The principles of the formation of mathematical models for energy consumption, the basics of their optimization, as well as practical issues of rationing and planning energy consumption and operational management of the energy economy are de-scribed herein. The study offers examples of the implementation of energy-saving measures at own factory power plants, as well as at such energy-intensive facilities as arc steelmaking furnaces and rolling mills. The experience of PJSC “Mag-nitogorsk Iron and Steel Works” with regard to the introduction of modern automation tools in the energy sector and pow-er supply systems within the framework of the promising development program “Industry 4.0” is presented.

Energy Management Model of Intelligent Park Based on Improved Depth Deterministic Gradient Strategy Algorithm

The traditional distribution automation system, demand side management system, and distributed generation access and control system, respectively, solve the problems of regional distribution network power supply, customer power consumption, and new energy utilization to varying degrees. Intelligent Park evolved from the concept of intelligent park of State Grid Corporation, Modern enterprises, or residential areas that can make full use of modern communication, computer, automation, and other technologies to implement the power supply demand of the park. For the modern intelligent park with user-side temperature control load and demand response load access, an intelligent park energy management and optimal scheduling method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm is proposed. Through the interaction between the agent and the energy environment of the intelligent park, the control strategy is adaptively learned. This method can realize the continuous action control of energy management in intelligent park and can realize the optimal scheduling decision of intelligent park in various scenarios. Firstly, based on the characteristics and types of intelligent park aggregation unit, the environment model of intelligent park energy management system interacting with agent is established. Secondly, the basic principle of deep deterministic policy gradient deep algorithm is introduced, and on this basis, the key links of deep reinforcement learning algorithm, such as action space, state space, reward mechanism, neural network structure, and learning process, are designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by an example of a city intelligent park.

Does automation trust evolve from a leap of faith? An analysis using a reprogrammed pasteurizer simulation task

Trust is a critical factor that drives successful human-automation interaction in a myriad of modern professional environments. One seminal work on human-automation trust is Muir and Moray (1996) showing that human-machine trust evolves from faith, then dependability, and finally predictability in a simulated supervisory control task. However, our recent work failed to replicate the finding of the original study, calling for further replication efforts. Experiment 1 aimed to fully replicate Muir and Moray (1996) where participants performed a simulated pasteurizer task. Experiment 2 attempted to replicate Experiment 1 using participants who major in Engineering as used in the original study. Both experiments showed that dependability was the best initial predictor of trust, building later to predictability and faith. Two experiments consistently failed to support both the hypothesis proposed by Muir and Moray (1996), that trust develops from predictability to dependability to faith, and their original findings that trust develops initially from faith. The results of the current experiments challenge this widely cited view of how human-machine trust develops. Modern automation designers should be aware that dependability might control initial trust development for general users and incorporate dependability information into their designs.

Development of a system for automated temperature control in a material cylinder for the production of plastic products by injection molding

A modern automated control systems for an injection molding machine (IMM), which make it possible to carry out such aspects of automation as temperature control in a material cylinder, production cycle control of castings, control and management of the manufactured products quality are presented. As an analysis result of the injection molding machine (IMM) control systems, conclusions about the work quality are drawn, modern automation facilities are presented, and the main criteria of the modern equipment choosing for plastic products manufacturers are formulated. Keywords injection molding, injection molding machine, automation technical facilities, plastic products

Разработка автоматизированной системы управления для учебного лабораторного стенда

The training laboratory stand was created to simulate the operation of a direct-flow boiler, in order to study the hydraulic and thermophysical processes occurring in such devices. Having studied the hydrodynamics of the coolant in a cylindrical composite coil, it is possible to influence the steam capacity of the boiler, improve its energy efficiency. For educational purposes, the student can study the flow modes of liquid and air, learn how to control electrical equipment, master the operation of shut-off valves and parting devices for measuring flow, temperature and pressure. The purpose of the work is to design, create and launch an educational laboratory stand that allows you to reproduce the hydraulic and aerodynamic modes of operation of a direct-flow steam boiler of a coil type without heating the coolant. Methods. For the design, a model of a real coil-type steam boiler was taken as a basis and adapted to the operating conditions for laboratory work. Results. As a result, thermal mechanical schemes of hydraulic and aerodynamic systems, the algorithm of the hydraulic system, the automation scheme, as well as a list of selected equipment and photos of the assembled laboratory stand are presented. Conclusion. Modern automation devices can make it possible to take readings of the coolant and air with high accuracy, as well as transfer experimental values to a personal computer for data storage and subsequent analysis. The educational laboratory stand will allow for an in-depth study of hydraulic and aerodynamic processes in a direct-flow steam boiler of the coil type, the processes of change and occurrence of laminar and turbulent modes, as well as their impact on improving the energy efficiency of the boilers in question, and in the future on separate heat exchange equipment.

Modbus Protocol Performance Analysis in a Variable Configuration of the Physical Fieldbus Architecture

Few developments have changed the evolution of the automation process as substantially as the development of industrial local area networks and communication protocols. Especially fieldbus systems, networks created for the lowest levels of the automation hierarchy, have an enormous influence on the flexibility and performance of modern automation systems in all application areas. The technique of updating data on Modbus type devices involves a procedure of reading data at regular time intervals called pooling. Some automation processes include interdependence between different control variables belonging to different hardware devices. This paper presents and analyzes various scenarios related to a variable architecture configuration of physical modules based on Modbus communication protocol. The proposed Modbus Extension (ModbusE) concept is presented by defining the new optimized message format, and the structure of the acquisition cycle to obtain a deterministic temporal behavior, solutions for describing devices at the Modbus protocol level being presented. The status update of each Modbus module is done according to the address of the device, but also the number of registers per device. The paper analyses the worst-case scenario of communication involving Modbus devices on the same network and exchanging data corresponding to one or more server registers.

Intermittent Sensor Faults Detection Based on Fractional-Order Transient Chaotic System

Safety and reliability are the most important issues for modern automation systems, fast, precise, and reliable fault detection (FD) is a feasible and easy-implemented method for preventing property loss and casualties. Considering the importance of sensors in modern systems and the characteristics of intermittent faults, the problem of intermittent sensor FD under unknown disturbance and strong noise is the focus of this article. Oriented by the problem, a kind of intermittent sensor faults detection scheme is proposed. The fractional-order transient chaotic system is adopted for the processing of the residual signal and the calculating of the detection threshold. A continuous stirred tank heater (CSTH) model is adopted for the simulation experiment, a simplified F-16 aircraft vertical dynamic model is used for the comparison experiment, and a real-world liquefied natural gas (LNG) filling process is provided for actual experiment. The experiment results show that the proposed intermittent faults detection (IFD) scheme can achieve the purpose of IFD under unknown disturbance and strong noise and performs well. The detectability of the intermittent sensor faults within the proposed IFD scheme is explored.

АТЕСТАЦІЯ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ЯК ОСНОВНИЙ МЕТОД ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЙОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Theoretical aspects of personnel certification are considered. The place of personnel certification among other functions of personnel management as the main method of assessment of its development is determined. It is stated that one of the main requirements of the certification program is the objectivity of employee evaluations, which is often opposed to subjectivity, which is often considered evil and leads to irreparable mistakes. The stages of attestation are indicated, namely: develop-ment of principles and methods of verification; registration of control documents and preparation of attestation materials; filling in the inspection form together with the staff; analysis of results; meeting of the attestation commission; analysis of personnel data; development of recommendations for working with staff. It is analyzed that certification allows managers to make appropriate personnel and organizational decisions, including further improvement of existing forms of employee motivation, career and career planning and career planning, improvement of existing systems of personnel selection and placement, forms and methods of employee training, etc. It is noted that one of the main requirements of the certification program is the objectivity of employee evaluations, which is often opposed to subjectivity, which is often considered evil and leads to irreparable mistakes. It is investigated that the certification is aimed at finding reserves to increase productivity, employees' interest in their work and organizational results, optimal use of economic incentives and social security, creating conditions for dynamic and comprehensive personal development. The function and content of the concept of attestation are studied, the importance of the process, the main methods, technologies, characteristics and main stages of implementation in enterprises are revealed. The importance of the process of attestation of employees at enterprises is proved. The necessity of introduction of modern automation systems at attestation of workers at the enterprises is analyzed. Types of certification are considered, which makes it possible to assess the wage rates of employees; staff training; identification of personnel problems and creation of a personnel reserve. The relevance of the introduction of modern automation systems during the certification of employees at enterprises is considered. Suggestions for the effectiveness of staff evaluation, methods and processes of staff development are provided.

Development of a management and monitoring system for a city farm

For any manager of an agro-industrial enterprise, the use of resources is used for the efficient use of resources: labor, land, working capital and other. For this reason, the production processes of agriculture are already almost completely mechanized around the world, which is the productivity of an enterprise. The next logical step in increasing the productivity of agricultural enterprises is the automation and digitalization of agricultural production. Therefore, in order to remain competitive with the world leaders in agricultural production, it is necessary to integrate IoT technologies. It is predicted that the introduction of modern automation technologies in the agro-industrial complex will increase yields more than the inventions of the tractor, herbicides and GMOs. City farming is gradually becoming such a solution. In some megacities, urban farms are built on the rooftops of buildings, and in some places there are entire skyscra¬pers with vertical farms. Experts say that the quality and environmental friendliness of products grown in this way is much higher than that of counterparts grown in a traditional way. In this regard, the relevance in creating an application for a smart farm has been identified. Such an application will allow you to be more attentive to all parameters of plant growth thanks to sensors for humidity, light, temperature and other data that can be transmitted to a smartphone. The purpose of the study is to develop a management and monitoring system for a city farm. Materials and methods. The mobile application is implemented using the Xamarin framework in C# and JavaScript. The firmware for the microcontroller is written in C. Results. The paper provides an overview of management and monitoring systems for smart farms, a methodological comparison of advantages and disadvantages. The architecture of the control and monitoring system was also discovered. Implemented a mobile application and software. The functionality and design of the mobile application has been tested on various devices. Conclusion. The city farm management and monitoring system has been successfully developed. As further scientific work, it is planned to develop a mathematical model for more optimal farm management. This work can be useful in the field of decentralized agriculture.

A Case Study on Remote Instrumentation of Vibration and Temperature in Bearing Housings

Data collection is one of the most relevant topics of modern automation and industry. It is usually a costly and time-consuming task, especially in continuous processes. Our case study takes place in a sugar cane mill. The required continuous operation of a belt conveyor for bagasse transportation makes it a critical system in the overall production process. Therefore, a predictive maintenance tool is highly applicable here. We identified bearing housings as critical points for data collection intended for prognostics of the conveyor. However, given the number of points, the cost of a commercial solution becomes unfeasible by our company. This paper reports the development of low-cost devices for measurements and wireless transmission of vibration and temperature data from bearing housings. We assessed several sensor options and made decisions based on a cost-suitability commitment, which led to the design of the electronic devices. The devices were tested for correct operation, reliability (99%), and relative measurement errors under 1.2%. From the tests, we conclude that our proposal is appropriate for our case study’s industrial needs and budget restrictions.

OPPORTUNITIES AND POTENTIAL OF BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article examines the possibility of developing bioenergy in the agro-industrial complexes of Kazakhstan which can reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and solve problems associated with the disposal of agricultural waste. Special attention is paid to bioenergy generation technologies in agro-industrial complexes which require high capital expenditures to be equipped with modern automation and control facilities. The authors analyse the potential of biogas production from livestock and poultry waste in the agro-industrial complexes of Kazakhstan. During the analysis, it was revealed that the largest volumes of organic waste are produced by cattle breeding, and the smallest – by poultry farming. The article presents an assessment method based on the construction of a two-factor correlation-regression model, in which the effective (endogenous) factor feature is the total production of biogas and the total biomass is selected as an independent (exogenous) factor feature. The results of the calculations showed that the models reflecting the dependence of the total biogas production on the total biomass for cattle, sheep and goats, as well as poultry, correspond to the real flow of processes in the economy and logic.Keywords: Alternative Energy Source, Bioenergy, Green EconomicsJEL Classifications: Q42, Q50DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11530

The Construction of Roof Greening Intelligent Management System Based on Wireless Sensor Network Technology

Roof greening can make up for the problem of urban green deficiency to some extent, add green space for people in urban life, and also alleviate urban ecological problems and heat island effect. With the development of information technology, the development level of modern automation is higher and higher. Information has penetrated into various industries. So it is very important to develop intelligent management system(IMS) of roof greening to use information technology reasonably. At present, roof greening is mainly artificial operation management, and there are many random factors and can not guarantee that roof greening is always the best state. Irrigation system is also very simple. Therefore, this paper proposes the research and construction of IMS of Roof Greening Based on wireless sensor network(WSN) technology. This paper describes the frame design of IMS of roof greening and the overall design of IMS of roof greening. The design factors of WSN are also studied. The plant survival rate of intelligent management and natural growth is studied by field detection. The effect of roof greening on reducing heat island effect is proved by data chart. The experimental results show that the survival rate of plants under the care of intelligent roof greening system is 91.27, while the natural growth survival rate is only 67.32. At the same time, the green roof plays a great role in the heat island effect. When the sun is the strongest at 12:00 noon, the temperature of the green roof is 25 degrees, while the common roof is 32 degrees.

Comparative analysis of data transmission technologies in industrial systems of the Internet of things (IoT)

This article provides a comparative analysis of modern data transmission technologies that can be used in modern automation and telemechanics systems for data exchange with various sensors and other security and access control systems. The authors describe the most common types of transmission networks and offer options for their application in relation to the requirements of specific customers. The main emphasis is on open source solutions that can be used in research projects on an unlicensed basis.

An Investigation into the Effect of Electro-Contact Heating in the Machining of Low-Rigidity Thin-Walled Micro-Machine Parts.

Low-rigidity thin-walled parts are components of many machines and devices, including high precision electric micro-machines used in control and tracking systems. Unfortunately, traditional machining methods used for machining such types of parts cause a significant reduction in efficiency and in many cases do not allow obtaining the required accuracy parameters. Moreover, they also fail to meet modern automation requirements and are uneconomical and inefficient. Therefore, the aim of provided studies was to investigate the dependency of cutting forces on cutting parameters and flank wear, as well as changes in cutting forces induced by changes in heating current density and machining parameters during the turning of thin-walled parts. The tests were carried out on a specially designed and constructed turning test stand for measuring cutting forces and temperature at specific cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut values. As part of the experiments, the effect of cutting parameters and flank wear on cutting forces, and the effect of heating current density and turning parameters on changes in cutting forces were analyzed. Moreover, the effect of cutting parameters (depth of cut, feed rate, and cutting speed) on temperature has been determined. Additionally, a system for controlling electro-contact heating and investigated the relationship between changes in cutting forces and machining time in the operations of turning micro-machine casings with and without the use of the control system was developed. The obtained results show that the application of an electro-contact heating control system allows to machine conical parts and semi-finished products at lower cutting forces and it leads to an increase in the deformation of the thin-walled casings caused by runout of the workpiece.

European railways on the way to the digital future

The issues of development and practical implementation of control systems and devices and traffic safety assurance, which lead to the digital future of railways, are considered. The main directions of digitalization of European railways are presented. The role and importance of the European Train Management System (ETCS) and the European Train Management and Safety Management System (ERTMS) are shown. Both systems are being implemented on the railways of European countries in stages (levels). Various systems of centralization of points and signals are gradually being replaced by digital centralization (DSTW). At the same time, much attention is paid to equipping railway crossings with modern automation and traffic safety. In different European countries, research and development work is being carried out and projects for the automation of train control are being implemented. At this stage, the automation process is being carried out more actively in public transport, especially successfully in the metro. The increasing use of distributed diagnostic components in rail transport has been observed along with the growing demand for a centralized diagnostic system. The works in the field of using the capabilities of artificial intelligence, machine learning and other modern technologies are noted. The study of foreign experience in digitalization of railway transport is useful to take into account when solving the problems of development and digitalization of Russian railways.

Chevron's Salt Lake City refinery starts up ISOALKY unit

Massive amounts of data, accumulated in real time and over decades, are spread over a wide variety of the modern automation in chemical plants. However, several standard process monitoring algorithms, such as kernel-based algorithms, do not easily scale to such orders of magnitude. Particularly in their running time and memory complexity increasing dramatically with the increase in the size of the data set. This paper proposes a scalable approximate kernel based on the multilevel maximum variance unfolding (MLMVU) technique that uses low rank kernel-based MVU approximations for reducing and distributing the computational load among parallel multilevel machines to achieve time efficiency. Theoretically, it is guaranteed that the performance of the proposed MLMVU can approximate that of the centralized MVU. The mathematical framework is presented for the development of MLMVU and various aspects of their computational complexity and approximation ability are discussed. The greater time efficiency and scalability in the computation are achievable. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is confirmed through a simple nonlinear system and the industrial Tennessee Eastman process.

Physical, data-driven and hybrid approaches to model engine exhaust gas temperatures in operational conditions

ABSTRACT Fast diesel engine models for real-time prediction in dynamic conditions are required to predict engine performance parameters, to identify emerging failures early on and to establish trends in performance reduction. In order to address these issues, two main alternatives exist: one is to exploit the physical knowledge of the problem, the other one is to exploit the historical data produced by the modern automation system. Unfortunately, the first approach often results in hard-to-tune and very computationally demanding models that are not suited for real-time prediction, while the second approach is often not trusted because of its questionable physical grounds. In this paper, the authors propose a novel hybrid model, which combines physical and data-driven models, to model diesel engine exhaust gas temperatures in operational conditions. Thanks to the combination of these two techniques, the authors were able to build a fast, accurate and physically grounded model that bridges the gap between the physical and data driven approaches. In order to support the proposal, the authors will show the performance of the different methods on real-world data collected from the Holland Class Oceangoing Patrol Vessel.

Intellectual theory of value: substantiation and formulation

The object of research is the role of the intellectual capital and knowledge in modern economics and value creation process. Therefore, taking into account the intellectual component of value due to the transformation of the society’s productive forces structure in the transition to a post-industrial economic system, there was proven the necessity of rethinking the existing theories of value. Based on the classic politeconomists, neoclassics and institutionalists groundwork analysis, there was defined the economic essence of the intellectual capital. This essence consisted in the people’s capacity, using the personal factor of production, rather part of it – the knowledge and intellect, to produce objectified factors. Also, there was justified the place of an intellectual capital in a system of productive forces – its feature of simultaneous affiliation to an immaterial (as a form of individual development), as far as to a material (applied knowledge) spheres. Due to active modern automation and robotics in manufacturing, labour as a factor of production is gradually replaced by knowledge: personal and ones materialized in the means of production. Thus, there are grounds for the assumption that namely knowledge, not labour, that is present in all spheres of social production, but rather, more accurately, the productive part of knowledge – an intellectual capital is the source of the value of goods in a post-industrial (neoindustrial) economic system. Modern economy has inherent significant share the intellectual component that participates in generating the innovative goods as the new value. Therefore, based on the above stated, the «intellectual theory of value» was formulated, which defines directions for the intellectual economics paradigm development in future.

Systematization of automation elements used in agricultural tractors

The article discusses the brands of foreign agricultural tractors used by modern automation systems. The main questions of the expediency application and methods of creating means automatic control and management for agricultural tractors are considered. The characteristics of the categories of application of automation elements are given.