Modern Arab Research Articles

STRATEGI MODAL ‘ALA AL-ASWANY DALAM ARENA SASTRA ARAB: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA PIERRE BOURDIEU

'Ala Al-Aswany is one of the modern Arab writers. His name is well-known among Arab writers, and his works are accepted, enjoyed, and studied by critics, even receiving numerous awards. This research aims to analyze the capital strategies employed by 'Ala Al-Aswany to obtain his position or legitimacy in the Arab literary arena using Pierre Bourdieu's sociology of literature. This study is a qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical method, using data sources such as books, articles, research reports, and other documents related to the topic and theory used. The data collection technique is documentation. The data is analyzed by identifying the author's biography and his contributions to the Arab literary world, then formulated and described relationally based on Pierre Bourdieu's capital structure. The results show that Al-Aswany possesses four types of capital classified from Pierre Bourdieu's perspective: economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital. With the arena of production and these four capital strategies, he achieves a specific legitimacy, in this case, Al-Aswany attains the position of a "specific writer" in the Arab literary arena.

Patterns of Artistic Image in the Poetry of Salah Abdus-Sabour

The artistic image in its multiple varied patterns is considered one of the most prominent elements of the poem in all ages. The poem cannot be composed without an artistic image that expresses its poetic essence because it will lose a pillar of its aesthetic composition. Every academic critical study that tackles a specific poet or a specific poem looks at the artistic image as an aesthetic dimension that is indispensable. The artistic image is usually of multiple shapes, formulas and signs regarding its relationship to poetic structure, language, and rhythm . Salah Abdus-Sabour is one of the pioneering Arab poets, as he is the most prominent poet of modernity in Egypt since the early fifties with Ahmed Abdul-Mu’ti Hujazi, Mohammad Afifi Matar, and others. However, Abdus-Sabour is distinguished by his transparent poetic pictorial language that depends on a new language in Expression and composition. That is why the researchers find it appropriate that the poems of Abdus-Sabour are a fertile topic for this research in the field of artistic image patterns in modern Arab poetry.

A Suggested Method for the Musical Notation of Basic Arabic Percussion Instruments

Objectives: The study aimed to propose a standardized method for musical notation of Arabic percussion instruments, following the model of other musical instruments, as well as to provide examples of the method for notation of Arabic percussion instruments.
 Methods: This study follows the developmental approach, which involves studying a specific phenomenon and searching for solutions in order to develop effective outcomes for teaching. A musical notation was developed for the basic Arab percussion instruments used in modern Arab music ensembles, including the dhol, katem, riq, and tabla. Proposed models were developed in four lines, and each instrument was used in a way that corresponded to the selected rhythm, using a musical staff consisting of five lines and four spaces. Abbreviations and symbols were also developed to facilitate reading of the fast-paced shapes.
 Results: The results showed that a special rhythmic notation line can be assigned to each of the basic Arabic percussion instruments in modern Arab music bands. The rhythmic notation of the group of Arabic percussion instruments is represented in four lines. To ensure clarity and purity of rhythm, the instruments (dahola and katam) can be used to perform basic stress positions, while the instruments (riq and tabla) can be used to play percussive ornaments in addition to the basic rhythmic stresses.
 Conclusions: The study emphasizes the important role of Arabic rhythms, and the importance of educating musicians playing them, and not leaving them to improvise without specific musical notation, similar to other musical instruments, in order to control the performance.

WORLD CUP 2022 IN QATAR AS A STIMULUS OF SOCIO-POLITICAL DISCUSSIONS OF ARAB INTELLECTUALS

The author analyzes the information discourse of the World Cup 2022 in Qatar through the prism of the liberal Arab media. It is assumed that the Qatari Championship turned out to be both a sporting and political event. The article highlights the main problems that formed the information agenda, as well as the vectors and trajectories of the interpretation and perception of the Championship by liberal analysts and experts. It is assumed that the Championship stimulated political and ideological contradictions between Arab experts. The author believes that Arab analysts formally used sports events to actualize the political, social and economic problems and contradictions of the Middle East in the information discourse. It is shown that the Championship underlined political contradictions, visualizing the lines of ideological demarcations between Arab intellectuals, who used sports as an information occasion for discussing political problems actively, including authoritarianism, democracy and human rights. The article analyzes the main vectors and trajectories of the politicization and ideologization of sport in the liberal segment of the Arab information discourse. The author presumes that the reaction of political elites to criticism of the liberal media was minimal, as the economic effect outweighed the reputational losses from liberal accusations. Therefore, it is shown that the reaction of the liberal media to the Championship 2022 in Qatar had a limited effect, contributing to the visualization of the liberal trend in the modern Arab world, highlighting the political and economic contradictions between the Arab states.

Narrative Structure and storytelling in modern Arab Criticism

The narrative structure accompanied the civilized development in the midst of modern literary and critical studies in our contemporary life, until it became a unique science in itself, with objective characteristics, critical criteria, and stylistic features. It was established by Ferdinand Saussure in 1916 AD, and we can summarize his structural theory that language is for language, just as art is for art in aesthetic theories Research objective: To identify the components of the literary text, how it is formed, the elements of narration and its forms, and to identify the possibility, style and tools that contributed to the formation of the work, so that the text is described as a literary text. Results: We concluded our research with a deductive requirement to find the points of difference and similarity between the narrative and the story, and we found that the story is a branch of the narrative, and the story is limited by conditions and does not have the sufficient freedom that exists in the narrative in general.

المدائح النبوية عند الشاعرين: أحمد شوقي وخليل الله خليلي (دراسة في أوجه التشابه والتباين وإمكانية التأثير والتأثر)

In this article, the researcher discusses the comparison between two renowned poets in the modern Arab literary world, Ahmad Shawqi and Khalilullah Khalili. The researcher provides an overview of Ahmad Shawqi's life translation, literary writings, the key characteristics of his poetry, and its influence in the world of poetry. Additionally, the article delves into the life of the national Afghan poet, Khalilullah Khalili, his writings, the characteristics and purposes of his poetry, while highlighting the similarities between the two poets' personalities. The article explores the central themes around which the poets' works revolve, particularly their sentiments towards the Prophet Muhammad and how they connect this religious occasion to the realities of life. The researcher identifies over ten similarities between the poems of the two poets and also highlights clear differences that exclude the possibility of mutual influence or being influenced, despite their contemporaneity. Finally, the researcher summarizes the most significant findings and comparisons between the two poets in twelve points, evaluating the way they approached their praises of the Prophet in terms of content, emotion, language, and style, while offering some assessments.

THE MODERNIST PROJECT OF TAHA ABDEL RAHMAN

In the history of contemporary arab-islamic though, the tahai project constituted a paradoxical moment through which the right to creativity and philosophical thinking was revealed. The careful examiner, within the folds of taha abd al-Rahman s project, becomes clear to him the major axes, in which he delved into seeking to establish his philosophical project, which can be counted in the following points: -Criticism of abstract rational western modernity. -How to confront it morally-from an Islamic perspective-‏. -Achieving, an Arab modernity that separates from western modernity, in order to establish a moral work based on the principles of the Islamic religion and according to a creative methodology that is not imitative. That is why this study came with the aim of showing the possibility of establishing an Arab modernity based on its beginnings and independent of the westernmodernity system, which was rooted, and rooted in the arab-islamic world, so that it would have sterile intellectual limits. Accordingly, how did taha Abd al- Rahman view creative Arab modernity, as an intellectual project that enabled him to exclude dependence on western modernity?.

Challenges Facing Arabic Language The Problem of Scientific Terms As A Model

This research deals with the problem of the scientific terms in the Arabic language. In its first topic, it briefly deals with some challenges that the Arabic language faces. One of these challenges is the scientific terms, which is an issue of different aspects. In the second topic, the research deals with the problem of scientific terms in the modern Arabic language[LXC1] . The most important results of the research are as follows: There are plenty of scientific terms in the Arab linguistic heritage. Scientific terms are an example of the language’s ability and capacity to absorb what is new. Scientific terms are a civilized linguistic issue. They have a political dimension that requires the cooperation of the countries of the Arab world in its formulation. They have a close connection with the language of university education. Therefore, it is necessary to make use of the Arabic scientific terms in university education courses since they are a tool for knowledge. Their development and growth are linked to the growth and development of knowledge. The formation of the scientific terms in Arabic must be according to the following steps: Translating the term into another Arabic equivalent, derivation, and generation (i.e. introducing a new term that corresponds with the foreign term) or borrowing, which is either verbal Arabization or localization

ANALISIS TERJEMAHAN MELAYU BERKAITAN EMOSI SEDIH DALAM MAJDULIN KARYA AL-MANFALUTI

Expression of feelings can be found in a writer’s literary works. As a result, the expression of feelings or emotions is common in literary works. The translation of emotional aspects in literary works requires a great deal of effort and careful observation in order to convey the original author's meanings to the target language. Majdulin, a novel by Mustafa Lufti al-Manfaluti, a well-known modern Arab literary writer, manages to present the reader with a variety of emotional aspects. In his literary works, Al-Manfaluti is noted for expressing sadness. This article aims to analyze the Malay translation of the sadness elements found in the novel. This article is based on a qualitative study, descriptive and comparative analysis. The study's samples are selected texts from the Malay translation of Majdulin that are related to sadness. This article benefits from the perspective of muslim scholars on sadness, as well as the translation procedures of Vinay & Darbelnet. It is found that different translation procedures can be seen in the translation of texts related to sadness in this novel. It is hoped that literary translations use such translation procedures, especially when dealing with the aspect of sadness.

Quest for Democracy: Liberalism in the Modern Arab World by Line Khatib

Journal Article Quest for Democracy: Liberalism in the Modern Arab World by Line Khatib Get access Line Khatib. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2022. 288 pp. $34.99. Heba F El-Shazli Heba F El-Shazli George Mason University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, qqad042, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad042 Published: 18 June 2023

Building a Dream: Pan Arab Modernism in Kuwait in the 1960s

Kuwait’s post-oil modernisation is often attributed to a sequence of masterplans designed by British architects and planners. Throughout the recent history of Kuwait’s urban development, these plans foreshadowed policies mediated by local actors and an ambitious public infrastructure building conceived by a new Arab muhandis (architect-engineer). This paper seeks to illuminate a specific period in Kuwait’s architectural and urban history that was facilitated by Arab actors hired in the 1960s in different capacities, and the emergence of the Arab architectural firm in the 1970s. By taking on the role of “expert,” refining what it means to be a muhandis, and by looking at more regional references, these local actors were able to experiment, attempting to develop a distinctly Arab architectural and urban modernism situated in a global modernist movement. This paper offers an expanded reading of the making of Kuwait’s architectural and urban production beyond the polarisation between imported masterplans and locally produced building knowledge and the role played by muhandis in such development.

Ibn Khaldun's concepts in the mirror of Arab political and economic identity.

The modern Arab countries endure problems like the instability of their political systems, the crisis of theirstate institutions, and the weakness and asymmetry of their integration, globalization, and localization processes. To gain perspective on these problems, this article analyses the history and dynamics of the spiritual, cultural, economic, and political spheres of Arab life. The main research methods were the historical-logicaland the comparative, which allowed the authors to trace the development of the political, economic, andphilosophical-religious thought of the Arab countries and determine the origins of these concepts. As a research hypothesis it is stated that the key subjective factor influencing the political decision-making markets are the interests of the elite and political leaders in the context of resolving conflicts in the tradition of Muslim diplomacy. The article examines the concepts of the medieval scientist and diplomat Al Khaldun to establish the origins and logic of the modern international economic and political life of the countries of the Arab League. The authors conclude by a comparative analysis that Egyptian leaders have supremepower in making foreign policy decisions due to a tradition of strong centralized power, while the personal traits and characteristics of the country’s leaders often determine its foreign policy

Система управления Алжиром в период турецкого господства (XVI – первая треть XIX века)

The stages of the rule of the Ottoman Empire in Algeria, from the administration of the Beylerbeys (Prince of Princes) are considered before the reign of the Dey. This was the longest period of Ottoman rule. At present, the history of Algeria seems to be the most important stage of modern Arab history in general and the history of the Ottoman Empire in particular, since the Eyalet of Algeria was the first country in the Maghreb that came under Ottoman control. Since the 16th century, the Ottomans settled there after Hayraddin Barbarossa declared his submission to the Ottoman Sultanate in Istanbul in 1518, and remained in Algeria for more than three hundred years. It shows the foundations of the military colony of Algeria, the internal politics of the period of the reign of the Dey and his ministers, and the division of Algeria into four regions, each of which was subordinate to the dey. The reasons for the decline of the Algerian state at the beginning of the 19th century and the peculiarities of life, religion, economy of the peoples during this period are analyzed.

Some Aspects of Ergativity in English and Arabic

The present study is a contrastive analysis of the notion of Ergativity in English1 and Arabic2. It attempts to discuss this phenomenon to find out the points of similarity and difference between the two languages in this particular linguistic area. It offers an explanation and a detailed description of the term and illustrates the various types and forms of verbs that can be handled under the headings ergative verbs and non-ergative verbs showing how the former differ from the latter. Additionally, it investigates the verbs which are used both transitively and intransitively in the two languages. All these types of verbs will be identified, classified, and analyzed according to the Quirk grammar - the approach to grammatical description pioneered by Randolph Quirk and his associates, and published in a series of reference grammars during the 1970s and 1980s, notably A Grammar of Contemporary English (1972) and its successor A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language in1985. Reference, will, however, be made, wherever necessary, to the principles, techniques and terminology of other models of grammar. The method is, thus, more or less, eclectic. As far as ergativity in Arabic is concerned, the study adopts the model of grammatical description and classification pioneered by traditional Arab grammarians such as Siibawayhi, Ibn ‘Aqiil, and Mubarrid, and by modern Arab grammarians like Ghalaayiinii, ‘Udhaymah, and ‘Abbaas Hasan, among others. The conclusion part offers the main findings of the study.

Amphibious storytellers in Leo Africanus and The Moor’s Account

This article discusses the traces of two Early Modern Arab figures dramatized in The Moor’s Account (2014) by Laila Lalami and Leo Africanus (1992) by Amin Maalouf. Marginality, nomadism, and humanism are dramatized in the lives of Mustafa Al-Zammouri/Estebanico a black Arab from Zammour taken as a slave and sold to a Spanish conquistador who joined the Narváez Expedition and Leo Africanus/Alhassan Alwazzan who was captured by Spanish pirates and sent as a gift to Pope Leo X (1475–1521) around the same time. The lives of those two Early Modern Arab travelers provide the flesh for a bicultural humanism that avoids jingoistic nationalism that is centered around ideas of the canon that excludes narratives and texts from “the other world.” Bicultural humanism, I argue, is a unique space where both Maalouf and Lalami exercise their talent of recovering the lives of the silenced other and in doing so, challenge Orientalist stereotypes by creating dynamic narratives of Arabs and Muslims as complex nomad characters not essentialized violent multitudes enraged at Western modernity.

Woman and Yemen in Three Novels by Nadia al-Kawkabani (Yemen)

Among scholars of literature, there is a discussion about whether modern Arab women write fiction differently from their male counterparts. Some argue that women writers have special concerns which result from their specific experiences in Muslim society and determine not only the thematic spectrum of their works, but also a specific, sometimes vague manner of their literary expression. This discussion is based mostly on the works of prominent women writers from Egypt, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, North Africa, sometimes Saudi Arabia and the Arab Gulf States. Yemen has not received much attention in this discussion, as well as in literary studies in general. This article examines to what extent the suggested female, or “feminist”, manner of writing is manifested in the works of Yemeni novelist and short story writer Nadia al-Kawkabani, who is one of the most prolific women writers in her country. In her three novels, Not More Than Love (2006), Submissive Wives (2009), and My Sanaa (2013), “feminist” topics are touched upon repeatedly, but practically none of them is represented by a detailed story with a sufficient degree of sentiment and psychologism. On the contrary, a great deal of attention in these novels is given to the culture and modern history of Yemen, and the narrative, like in many male writers’ works, is dominated by sociopolitical issues. One may argue that Yemen in Nadia al-Kawkabani’s novels prevails over the “feminist” issue.

Relationship between human rights and freedoms and islam in arab countries

The article compares the Medina Agreement of 622 A.D. and modern Arab constitutions in the light of human rights issues. The Medina Agreement did not have a significant impact on the subsequent constitutional development in the Arab world, however, as the author shows, questions of the legal status of a person arise in Islam immediately after the Hegira. Muhammad strove to reconcile among themselves the representatives of different confessions (Muslims, Christians and Jews) who inhabited Medina at that time, and to establish the state on a solid foundation of true faith. A similar problem exists in Arab countries today, when, on the one hand, Islam is declared the state religion, and on the other, freedom of conscience is declared, subject to respect for the laws, morals and customs of a particular state.

A Stylistic Study of Time and Tense in English and Arabic Short Stories: Contrastive Study

The present paper is a stylistic attempt to shed the lights on the differences between ‘Time’ and ‘Tense’ in English and Arabic after analyzing some selected English and Arabic short stories. This basically requires the concentration on two important lexical terms known as ‘Aspectuality’ and ‘Modality’. The paper aims at answering the following questions: (1) What is the outstanding type of modality English and Arabic writers of short stories employed? (2) Does perfect or imperfect aspect categorize English and Arabic modern short stories? and (3) What is the 'shade' of the English and Arabic short stories based upon the identified types of modality used? In this respect, the present paper is limited to English ‘Modal Auxiliaries ‘, lexical modals, ‘Non –Verbal Modality (Modal Adjuncts)’. As for Arabic, it is also limited to Modal verb forms: 'finite or auxiliary’, 'lexical modals’ and also 'Non- Verbal Modality' (Modal Adjuncts). Other types of modality are beyond the study.

Visual Representation in Arabic Poetry, Afifi Matar's Poetry as a Model. [In Arabic

This article deals with the topic of the referential phenomenon in fictional grammar, as it is the most important component of the modern linguistics lesson and a necessary element to determine the consistency, harmony and coherence of the text in a functional way. The author started by defining the referral phenomenon, explaining its importance and function, defining its patterns and tools.Then, he applied the referral functions to Surat "Ya-Sin".
 If this phenomenon appears to be a crucial element in the development of modern Arabic language lessons, then it should be studied and given the value it deserves.

The Referral Phenomenon in the Functional Grammar of the Arabic Language: Applied Study in Surah Ya-sin [In Arabic

This article deals with the topic of the referential phenomenon in fictional grammar, as it is the most important component of the modern linguistics lesson and a necessary element to determine the consistency, harmony and coherence of the text in a functional way. The author started by defining the referral phenomenon, explaining its importance and function, defining its patterns and tools.Then, he applied the referral functions to Surat "Ya-Sin".
 If this phenomenon appears to be a crucial element in the development of modern Arabic language lessons, then it should be studied and given the value it deserves.