Model Of Self-control Research Articles

Tea Sets and Tyranny: The Politics of Politeness in Early America by Steven C. Bullock

Reviewed by: Tea Sets and Tyranny: The Politics of Politeness in Early America by Steven C. Bullock Carrie Tirado Bramen (bio) Tea Sets and Tyranny: The Politics of Politeness in Early America steven c. bullock Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017 304 pp. In our own time when political leaders have resorted to vitriol, expletives, and even hate speech, it is good to be reminded that this was not always the case. For historian Steven Bullock in his Tea Sets and Tyranny: The Politics of Politeness in Early America, one has to go back to the long eighteenth century to find a period when leadership was predicated on behavioral restraint. George Washington famously opposed profanity to such an extent that he prohibited cursing among his officers and soldiers; and remarkably, there is only one instance—and this is apparently still debated—when Washington cussed and it was on June 28, 1778, at the Battle of Monmouth. According to a frequently cited passage in Paul Van Dyke's George Washington: The Son of His Country (1931), an officer present at the battle noted that General Washington "swore that day until the leaves shook on the trees" (216). Washington appears in the epilogue of Bullock's narrative as a model of self-control and moderation, even though privately he was known to have a "fierce and irritable disposition" (217). By the end of the eighteenth century, politeness played a crucial role in Revolutionary-era politics, providing an important way to understand how sociality informed the political behavior of Anglo-American elites. Although Bullock's study concludes with George Washington's presidency, in an era when the culture of politeness had become hegemonic, the majority of the book focuses on the years between the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the American Revolution nearly a century later. The emphasis is on the evolution of politeness as a political strategy of leadership that is inextricably tied to notions of authority. For Bullock, politeness represents an important social practice that played a foundational political role [End Page 828] in the transition from authoritarian styles of governance to more democratic ones. The book's introduction provides a superb overview of the argument and a clear sense of its intervention in the long-standing scholarship on eighteenth-century politeness. In reference to this earlier scholarship, Bullock notes that historian Richard Bushman's The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (1992) and literary scholar David Shields's Civil Tongues and Polite Letters (1997) focus on the social aspects of Anglo-American elite culture with little reference to governing approaches. Where Bushman turns to material history and the emergent culture of consumerism by looking at houses and picket fences, handkerchiefs, and even pickle dishes, Shields understands the social life of Anglo-American elites in their taverns, clubs, and coffeehouses. Neither Bushman nor Shields links politeness explicitly with political authority. More recent scholarship that addresses eighteenth-century theories of government in terms of restraint from John Locke to Thomas Jefferson tends to focus on institutions and structural concerns related to elections and checks and balances. Sociality plays an insignificant role. The foundational premise of Tea Sets and Tyranny is that notions of political authority cannot be discussed in a vacuum, but must involve sociality, culture, and interpersonal relations. Politeness is ultimately about power, where the social and the political are inextricably interwoven. Bullock writes, "Eighteenth-century discussions about manners were intimately intertwined with fundamental political issues, closely linking politeness (discipline of the self) with power (discipline of others)" (2). "Politeness" refers less to social hierarchies of good taste and more to how manners can inform a model of restrained authority and personal refinement through "sympathetic and responsive leadership" (2). The book's most significant contribution is the way it demonstrates how the political is personal, and conversely, how the personal is political in early America. By linking interpersonal behavior with political dynamics, Tea Sets and Tyranny places questions of power firmly at the center of a study of sociality. At the outset, Bullock asserts that he wants to avoid abstraction. To do this, he anchors his analysis in the biographical stories of six individuals: Francis Nicholson, the Virginia governor known for...

Examining the importance of academic-specific self-compassion in the academic self-control model

ABSTRACTThe aim of this investigation was to determine whether an academic-specific self-compassion scale would share stronger bivariate relationships with academic-focused variables, act as a stronger unique predictor of university adaptation than a general measure of self-compassion, and moderate the relationship between general and academic resourcefulness. A convenience sample of 422 undergraduates completed measures assessing general learned resourcefulness, academic self-efficacy, failure attributions, academic goal focus, academic resourcefulness, academic self-compassion, and university adaptation. As hypothesized, academic self-compassion shared a stronger relationship with academic resourcefulness than a general measure of self-compassion; academic self-compassion independently predicted university adaptation along with academic resourcefulness and expected GPA; and, unlike general self-compassion, academic self-compassion did not moderate the relationship between general and academic resourcefulness, providing support for academic self-compassion being a type of academic self-control that is “emotion-oriented.” The value of using academic-specific versus global constructs when assessing academic outcomes is discussed.

Can faith move mountains? How implicit theories about willpower moderate the adverse effect of daily emotional dissonance on ego-depletion at work and its spillover to the home-domain

ABSTRACTRecent findings have demonstrated that implicit theories about willpower (the belief whether willpower relies on a limited vs. nonlimited resource) moderate the ego-depletion-effect. This study examines this moderating mechanism in occupational settings where employees increasingly have to deal with the unpleasant state of emotional dissonance, which requires the exertion of volitional self-control. By integrating findings on implicit theories about willpower, arguments brought up by the strength model of self-control, and notions from the spillover literature, we propose that believing in a nonlimited resource theory of willpower buffers the effect of emotional dissonance on ego-depletion at work and diminishes the spillover of ego-depletion from the work- to the home-domain. In a diary study covering 10 working days (N = 71), we examine a moderated mediation model in which ego-depletion at work mediates the relation between emotional dissonance and ego-depletion at home and analyse whether implicit theories about willpower moderate both paths (a and b) of the proposed mediation model. Our results provide support for the mediation hypothesis and show that endorsing a nonlimited resource theory buffers the effect of emotional dissonance on ego-depletion at work, thereby disrupting the indirect effect of emotional dissonance on ego-depletion at home. Subsequently, we discuss implications of holding a nonlimited resource theory.

Aftereffects of Self-Control on Positive Emotional Reactivity.

According to the process model of ego depletion, exercising self-control causes shifts in motivation and attention that may increase positive emotional reactivity. In an initial study and a preregistered replication, participants exercised self-control (or not) on a writing task before reporting their emotional responses to positive, negative, and neutral images. In Study 1 ( N = 256), we found that exercising (vs. not exercising) self-control increased positive emotional responses to positive images among more extroverted individuals. In Study 2 ( N = 301), we found that exercising self-control increased positive reactivity independent of extroversion. These findings support the process model of ego depletion and suggest that exercising self-control may influence responding that does not entail self-control (i.e., positive emotional reactivity)-an outcome that is not anticipated by the limited resource model of self-control.

Who Believes in Nonlimited Willpower? In Search of Correlates of Implicit Theories of Self-Control.

Recently, the most prominent model of self-control, the strength model, was criticized, and other explanations of self-control have been proposed. One of them is a concept of lay, implicit, willpower theories, that is, believing either that willpower is limited (as in the strength model) or nonlimited. Research shows that holding a nonlimited-resource belief prevents individuals from suffering ego depletion and is related to successful self-regulation. The current study explored how personality, time perspective, and intelligence predict willpower theories. Additionally, two aspects of willpower theories, strenuous mental activity and resistance to temptations, were measured separately. The results indicated that the two aspects of willpower theories were not correlated with each other. This supports hypothesis that willpower theories may be domain specific and also suggests that these two aspects should not be aggregated into one, homogenous scale as was done in some previous research. Both aspects of holding a nonlimited-resource theory were related positively to emotional stability and negatively to past negative time perspective. Strenuous mental activity was positively associated with intellect and negatively with present fatalism, whereas resistance to temptations was correlated positively with conscientiousness and future time perspective. There were no relations between willpower theories and intelligence, which posits that similar life outcomes related with these two attributes are based on distinct mechanisms. Regression analyses revealed that only personality traits (emotional stability and conscientiousness) remained significant predictors of willpower beliefs.

The impact of self-control cues on subsequent monetary risk-taking.

Background and aimsThe “process-model” of self-control proposes that the ego-depletion effect is better explained by a switch between interest in “have-to” labor and cognitive “want-to” leisure, rather than being mainly due to a decrease in cognitive resources, as advanced by the “strength-model” of self-control. However, it is currently difficult to disentangle the “process-model” from the “strength-model” of self-control. Here, we employed a stepwise approach, featuring three studies, for testing the process model of self-control.MethodsIn Study 1, we created a list of 30 self-control events for characterizing “have-to” conducts in the daily life. In Study 2, mental visualization of effortful self-control events (“have-to”) and monetary risk-taking (“want-to”) were employed for testing the strength-model of self-control. In Study 3, to test the process-model of self-control, participants were simply required to read self-control (or neutral) sentences.ResultsStudy 1 provided evidence regarding external validly for the list of self-control events. Study 2 showed that mental visualization of effortful self-control events increases subsequent monetary risk-taking. Study 3 highlighted that the brief apparition of a self-control-related sentence was sufficient for increasing risk-taking. These patterns were evidenced in the trial with the less advantageous gain/loss ratio.DiscussionAltogether these findings support the process-model of self-control in showing that triggering the semantic content of a “have-to” conduct, without its actual execution, is sufficient for modulating subsequent “want-to” activity.ConclusionThese findings could contribute to advancing current knowledge on how the high availability of ready-to-consume rewards in modern environments is redefining humans’ self-control ability.

Searching for the bottom of the ego well: failure to uncover ego depletion in Many Labs 3

According to a popular model of self-control, willpower depends on a limited resource that can be depleted when we perform a task demanding self-control. This theory has been put to the test in hundreds of experiments showing that completing a task that demands high self-control usually hinders performance in any secondary task that subsequently taxes self-control. Over the last 5 years, the reliability of the empirical evidence supporting this model has been questioned. In the present study, we reanalysed data from a large-scale study—Many Labs 3—to test whether performing a depleting task has any effect on a secondary task that also relies on self-control. Although we used a large sample of more than 2000 participants for our analyses, we did not find any significant evidence of ego depletion: persistence on an anagram-solving task (a typical measure of self-control) was not affected by previous completion of a Stroop task (a typical depleting task in this literature). Our results suggest that either ego depletion is not a real effect or, alternatively, persistence in anagram solving may not be an optimal measure to test it.

Is Commuting the Missing Link? Daily Spillover from Commute-to-Work and Work-to-Commute and Home

Commuting as a research topic has not received a great deal of attention from researchers (for a recent exception see Zhou et al., 2017) and there is much that we do not understand well. The set of studies that form this symposium, each one drawing on a daily diary methodology that aims to capture life as it is lived (Ohly, Sonnentag, Niessen, & Zapf, 2010), seek to generate knowledge on this topic and in particular to examine the spillover process from commute into work and from work into commute and then home. The studies contribute to organizational research by showing the importance of commuting as a key topic for any researcher seeking to understand daily variation in employee performance and wellbeing, and the spillover between work and home domains. More generally, the studies contribute to current debates about the utility of self-regulation theory (e.g. Hagger et al., 2010, 2016). On the one hand, there is some support for the role of ego depletion and the limited strength model of self-control (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) in explaining spillover, even once fatigue, cognitive and affective factors are taken into account. On the other hand, several proposed effects were not observed and also this model does not seem to fully account for some of the spillover effects observed; here the role of primary appraisals seems to be particularly useful as an additional theoretical explanation. Collectively the studies further highlight a set of practical problems that organizations may do well to manage. The effect of morning commutes on emotional exhaustion and performance Presenter: Michal Biron; U. of Haifa Presenter: Renee De Reuver; reuver Everyday incivility on public transport as an antecedent of instigated workplace aggression Presenter: Dana Unger; U. of East Anglia, Norwich Business School Presenter: Anne-Grit Albrecht; Leuphana U. Lüneburg Presenter: Katrin Boettcher; Berlin School of Economics and Law The adverse effects of daily commuting to and from work on employees ego depletion Presenter: Wladislaw Rivkin; Aston Business School Presenter: Stefan Diestel; Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment & Human Factors Presenter: Klaus-Helmut Schmidt; Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment & Human Factors Self-regulation theory and the spillover of work demands on commuting driving behaviour Presenter: Michael Clinton; King's College London Presenter: Rebecca Hewett; Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus U. Presenter: Neil Conway; Royal Holloway, U. of London Presenter: Damian Poulter; U. of Greenwich Presenter: Philip Terry; U. of Kingston Presenter: Fatima Felisberti; Kingston U. Presenter: Amy Montague; U. of Kingston

Resource Depletion Perspective on the Link Between Abusive Supervision and Safety Behaviors

Leader behavior significantly influences employees’ safety performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of abusive supervision on the safety behaviors of subordinates. By drawing on the strength model of self-control, we predicted that abusive supervision would negatively affect safety behaviors through emotional exhaustion, and trait self-control and attentional bias toward safety would moderate the relationship between abusive supervision, emotional exhaustion, and safety behaviors. Our hypothesized model was supported by results from a sample of 159 workers at a chemical product manufacturing enterprise in China. Emotional exhaustion mediated the link between abusive supervision and safety behaviors. Moreover, trait self-control moderated the relationship between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion, and attentional bias toward safety moderated the relationship between emotional exhaustion and safety compliance. This study elucidates the effects of abusive supervision on safety behaviors through the resource depletion process. Likewise, the importance of trait self-control and attentional bias toward safety in mitigating the potentially harmful effects of abusive supervision in workplace safety is highlighted. Minimizing abusive supervision, providing self-control training, and implementing safety-specific implicit cognition intervention can effectively improve employees’ safety behaviors.

The need for self-control in achievement tests: Changes in students’ state self-control capacity and effort investment

In the present research, we investigated the relation between changes in students’ state self-control capacity and their motivational test-taking effort over the course of an achievement test. Thereby, we considered trait self-control as a major predictor of achievement-related behavior as a covariate. N = 1840 apprentices repeatedly rated their state self-control capacity and the test-taking effort they invested while working on a 140-min achievement test in mathematics and science. Using growth curve analyses, our results revealed correlated decreases in state self-control capacity and the test-taking effort invested over the course of the test. Furthermore, we found that trait self-control helped to keep state self-control capacity and test-taking effort at a higher level over the course of the test. Our results support the assumption of the process model of self-control that waning self-control capacity is reflected in reduced motivational effort. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence that self-control might play a crucial role in students’ test-taking behavior in large-scale assessment studies. By modeling changes in state self-control capacity and effort investment while considering trait self-control, we provide an alternative approach for investigating self-control-dependent processes and the underlying mechanisms of self-control in achievement situations.

Hi ref, are you in control? Self-control, ego-depletion, and performance in soccer referees

ObjectivesSoccer referees are challenged by physiological, professional, and mental demands which require them to exercise self-control for optimal performance. We applied the strength model of self-control (e.g., Baumeister & Vohs, 2016; Baumeister et al., 1998) to examine the relationship between self-control strength and performance in real matches. Design and methodsSixteen soccer referees (M age = 30.06 yrs, SD = 7.38) completed a trait self-control scale. Then, over 2–4 matches they completed measures of daily hassles prior to the match and state self-control prior to and after the match. Personal, situational and performance indices were also collected. Data were analyzed using several statistical procedures, including hierarchical linear modeling. ResultsThe referees exhibited higher levels of trait self-control compared with professional soccer players and the general population. Their state self-control scores were also high. A noticeable decrease (10% or more) in state self-control strength (i.e., ego depletion) was evident in almost half of the matches. Experience of daily hassles and travel time to the match were related to lower pre-match self-control. Ego depletion was associated with self-reported match difficulty and was negatively related to self-rated match performance. ConclusionsThe findings are in line with previous studies and the strength model of self-control, highlighting the importance of self-control strength in soccer refereeing. Practitioners and Referee Unions should support referees in planning match day routines to maintain self-control strength.

Self-reports from behind the scenes: Questionable research practices and rates of replication in ego depletion research.

The strength model of self-control is one of the most influential and well-established models of self-regulation in social psychology. However, recent attempts to replicate the ego depletion effect have sometimes failed. The goal of this study is to investigate self-reported replication rates and the frequency of a set of questionable research practices (QRP) in ego depletion research. A literature search resulted in 1721 researchers who had previously published on ego depletion. They were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. The respondents (n = 277), on average, had published over three papers on ego depletion, and had completed more than two additional, unpublished studies. Respondents indicated that in more than 40% of their studies, results were similar in magnitude to those reported in the existing literature, and more than 60% reported conducting a priori power analyses. 39.2% of respondents were aware of other researchers who engaged in the surveyed QRP’s, while 37.7% affirmed to have employed said QRP’s. These results underline the importance of reducing QRP’s to reliably test the validity of the ego depletion effect.

Development of Integrated Learning Model of Islamic Education Subject and Student Self Control

This research title is the development of integrated learning model of Islamic education subject (PAI) and student self control. The problem of the research is in the orientation of knowledge, the meaning of learning process is still less optimal which is characterized by the weakness of student character. The result of learning process and student study’s value do not success to internalize inside the student. PAI learning process in Madrasah Ibtidayah the method of Teacher Centered still dominates the school. PAI is presented in partial and it is should be not in holistic and integration. Developing research method with ADDIE consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Syntax model which is developed by ISLAMIC (Information, Synergy, Learning, Active, reminding Model, and Continue). By the instructional effect hoped that the student intelligent increasing and has strong spiritual religious, self control and well behavior. The nurturant effect from this research was the realization of learning process meaning. This integrated study is hoped that the students are able to link one topic to the other subjects. Characters value inside the material expected to be applied in students’ life later on. The result of analysis development model with Aiken validation book model, teacher book and student book showed that the product was valid. The product of book model practicality. Teacher book and student book resulted practical product. Product effectiveness increased the study result and students self control.

Parent–Child Relations and Delinquency Among African American and European American Juvenile Offenders: An Expanded Examination of Self-Control Theory

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime indicates that low levels of self-control leads to subsequent delinquency. Multiple studies suggest an indirect effect of parent and family factors on delinquency through self-control. Furthermore, evidence exists that race/ethnicity may affect the mediated relationship between parenting and delinquency. The present study collected information on demographics, parent–child attachment, self-control, and delinquency from 350 confined male adolescents. Models were run to test whether self-control mediated the relationship between total parent–child attachment and facets of parent–child attachment on delinquency. Results indicated self-control mediated the relationship between parent attachment and delinquent behavior. Follow-up models indicated uniquely influential pathways to delinquency depending on aspects of parent-child attachment and the race/ethnicity of the participant. Select aspects of parent–child attachment were more meaningfully predictive of self-control and delinquency among African American youth compared with European American youth. Furthermore, while models run with European American adolescents support previous theories and study outcomes on the link between self-control and delinquency, self-control levels did not predict delinquency within models rung with African American adolescents, identifying a possible limitation of self-control theory. Implications from the present study are discussed alongside future directions for continuing research on culturally informed models of self-control and delinquency.

Development of a Healthy Lifestyle Mobile App for Overweight Pregnant Women: Qualitative Study.

BackgroundMobile apps are becoming an increasingly ubiquitous platform for delivery of health behavior interventions among overweight and obese perinatal women. However, only a few methodological guidelines on integrating theory, evidence, and qualitative research for their designs are available.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a theory-based, evidence-driven, and user-centered healthy lifestyle app targeting overweight and obese multiethnic pregnant women.MethodsThis paper illustrates how intervention development may be enriched with theoretical basis, systematic review, and qualitative study. An individual face-to-face interview was performed to incorporate the user’s involvement in the design. These interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Thematic analysis technique was used for emerging themes.ResultsIntegrated concepts of social cognitive theory of self-regulation, self-regulation model, and strength model of self-control were selected as bases of the intervention. Evidence from our systematic review and meta-analysis provided the strongest evidence for the development of intervention. We invited 16 obese or overweight pregnant women to participate in a semistructured interview . The following key themes emerged: content, platform, interactivity, format, and functionality. Apps are a favorable technology platform for healthy diet advice, appropriate physical exercise, and weight management because they are user-friendly and convenient. The app used in this study contains culture-specific, pregnancy-related, and credible contents, including educational, professional and peer support, and self-monitoring domains. The design should include aesthetic appeal, visualized features, and interactive multimedia.ConclusionsA 3-step process integrating theoretical basis, evidence from systematic review, and research findings from target users can be considered a guide for future app development.

(How) Does Initial Self-Control Undermine Later Self-Control in Daily Life?

Past research suggests that self-control lapses occur more frequently following demanding experiences in daily life. However, the reason for these effects is debated. Three studies were therefore conducted to better understand self-control lapses. Exploratory analyses were conducted in Study 1 to identify possible effects. Studies 2 and 3 evaluated these effects' reliability. Two patterns were identified. First, initial desire-goal conflict predicted later increases in subjective fatigue. This was in turn related to less effective self-control attempts. Second, initial self-control attempts also led participants to enact desires more frequently. This latter effect occurred even when (and perhaps especially when) those later desires were not resisted. In contrast, the strength model of self-control did not receive support, as initial self-control attempts did not affect the success of subsequent self-control attempts. These studies therefore suggest initial self-control does play an important role in producing later self-control lapses-just a different role than predicted by the strength model.

Behavioural automaticity moderates and mediates the relationship of trait self-control and physical activity behaviour

Objectives: Trait self-control has been shown to be associated with physical activity behaviour. However, in contrast with the theoretical assumption underlying the strength model of self-control, self-control seems to be more important for automatic compared with controlled behaviours. It is argued that self-control might facilitate the formation of adaptive habits (behavioural automaticity) and therefore enhance health behaviour through an indirect effect. The credibility of this hypothesis was empirically assessed in a proof-of-concept study.Methods: In a prospective design study with two laboratory sessions, participants (N = 124) completed standardised questionnaires assessing trait self-control and behavioural automaticity as predictors (1st session) and actual physical activity behaviour (after one week) as the dependent variable (2nd session).Results: The predictive power of self-control was stronger for participants with high behavioural automaticity compared with participants with low behavioural automaticity. Furthermore, automaticity mediated the relationship between self-control and behaviour.Discussion: Behavioural automaticity appears to be a helpful construct for specifying the relationship between self-control and physical activity. Our results support the approach of effortless self-control and self-control success, an extension of the strength model of self-control which assumes that self-control is helpful in creating effective routines. In future studies, causal relationships should be examined using more robust and rigorous research designs.

Reasons why undergraduate women comply with unwanted, non-coercive sexual advances: A serial indirect effect model integrating sexual script theory and sexual self-control perspectives

ABSTRACTThis study explored the predictors of young women’s compliance with unwanted sexual activities, integrating the social with the cognitive and behavioral correlates of sexual compliance. In total, 222 young heterosexual women completed measures examining the Sexual Self-Control model, including reasons for consenting, sexual resourcefulness, and compliance with unwanted sex, as well as gender role measures pertaining to sexual script theory, including the sexual double standard, gender role stress, and virginity scripts. An exploratory analysis of serial indirect effects demonstrated that women scoring lower in sexual resourcefulness endorsed higher female gender role stress, which in turn was associated with higher endorsement of reasons for consent, translating into more frequent compliance with unwanted sexual activities. The relationship between one’s ability to refuse and their decision to refuse appears quite complex. Understanding one’s decision requires consideration of the social aspects of gender role endorsement.

Naivett About Temptation and Self-Control: Foundations for Naive Quasi-Hyperbolic Discounting

We introduce and characterize a recursive model of dynamic choice that accommodates naivete about present bias. The model incorporates costly self-control in the sense of Gul and Pesendorfer (2001) to overcome the technical hurdles of the Strotz representation. The important novel condition is an axiom for naivete. We first introduce appropriate definitions of absolute and comparative naivete for a simple two-period model, and explore their implications for the costly self-control model. We then extend this definition for infinite-horizon environments, and discuss some of the subtleties involved with the extension. Incorporating the definition of absolute naivete as an axiom, we characterize a recursive representation of naive quasi-hyperbolic discounting with self-control for an individual who is jointly overoptimistic about her present-bias factor and her ability to resist instant gratification. We study the implications of our proposed comparison of naivete for the parameters of the recursive representation. Finally, we discuss the obstacles that preclude more general notions of naivete, and illuminate the impossibility of a definition that simultaneously incorporates both random choice and costly self-control.

A model of religious involvement, family processes, self-control, and juvenile delinquency in two-parent families

Family processes, adolescent religious involvement, and self-control may serve as important mechanisms that mediate the relationship between parental religious involvement and delinquency. However, at present no study has systematically investigated the relationships among these factors and how these mediating mechanisms work. To address this gap, path analyses are conducted to test the hypothesized pathways whereby parental religious involvement operates to discourage delinquent behaviors of offspring. The study variables are taken from three waves of the study of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and its descendent NLSY79 Child and Young Adults at two year intervals (2000, 2002, and 2004). 1020 American adolescents who are 10–14 years old in 2002 are selected for final analyses. The findings suggest that parental religious involvement does not affect adolescent delinquency four years later directly, but indirectly through its influence on adolescent religious involvement, parenting practices, inter-parental conflict, and their interactions with adolescent self-control.