Model Of Product Development Process Research Articles

Contextual Knowledge Framework in CAD Education from the Perspectives of Practicing Engineers

The contemporary industry landscape requires engineering graduates to have expertise in utilizing advanced Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools. However, prevailing practices reveal a lack of contextual knowledge among Mechanical Engineering undergraduates and fresh graduate engineers in effectively employing 3D CAD modelling software for optimal product design development. Consequently, this study was undertaken to address this issue, with a specific focus on the integration of contextual knowledge into 3D CAD modelling. The study aims to elucidate the fundamental elements of contextual knowledge regularly employed by practicing engineers in their daily design endeavours, specifically in 3D CAD modelling. A transcendental phenomenology approach was used, and four engineers from the engineering department of a shipbuilding company in Peninsular Malaysia were purposefully selected as respondents. The analysis yielded three recurring themes central to the application of contextual knowledge in visualizing and presenting models through 3D CAD modelling: Realization, Design Intention, and Normalization. These elements are pivotal in assisting engineers in contextualizing their design work during the modelling and presentation stages of the new product development process.

Identification and Evaluation of Parameter Conflicts in Product Development Processes

Today, technology companies are confronted with challenges like shorter time to market, increasing interdisciplinarity in product development and growing exchange of data in processes between models and stakeholders. These challenges are particularly difficult to master in processes that involve high certification requirements or new technologies. Two examples of this are the development processes of medical products and tailored textiles (TT). TT are textiles with integrated local reinforcements that are inserted where they are needed. These local reinforcements can save material, weight and costs. Due to the novelty of this technology, no defined product development process (PDP) is currently applied in the industry, the responsibilities are unclear and the stakeholders involved have little knowledge of the extent to which the parameters of their models and process steps interact with other process steps, models and stakeholders. This lack of transparency in the process can cause conflicts and makes it difficult to optimize the product as a whole, which means that the potential of TT cannot be fully exploited. On the other hand, the PDP in medical engineering faces similar challenges as new technologies, such as bioabsorbable implant concepts, must be individually adapted to the respective patient for successful treatment of critical defects. For the final certification, the bioabsorbable solutions and the process must also meet the high regulatory requirements. To overcome these obstacles, the aim pursued by this work is the methodical modelling of PDP in order to identify critical parameters and conflicts. This methodical approach is intended to determine the influence of a parameter change in the PDP on other parameters, processes and stakeholders. In this context, the Systems Modelling Language (SysML) is suitable for modelling and visualizing dependencies between parameters, processes and stakeholders in PDP. For the application of the methodology it is a necessary condition that the PDP is modelled with SysML including the parameters of different expert models and the input and output parameters of individual process steps. If this condition is met, the methodology developed can be used to visualize the direct and indirect correlations between the parameters and to identify critical parameters. Subsequently, the critical parameters can be analyzed and evaluated to show a conflict resolution potential.

Contextual Knowledge Elements Utilization in 3D CAD Model Manipulation from the Practicing Engineers Perspectives

Engineers’ ability to contextualize their created 3D CAD model during the design stage is the most important aspect of product design. In this conducted research, researcher has found that there was a lack of contextual knowledge among Mechanical Engineering Undergraduates and fresh graduate engineers in utilizing Three-Dimensional Computer Aided Design (3D CAD) modeling software in developing a good product design. In addressing this issue, a study has been conducted to focus on the representation of contextual knowledge elements in 3D CAD modeling applications. This article focused on presenting essential elements of contextual knowledge utilized among practicing engineers in their daily design works, in the aspect of Model Manipulation. Transcendental phenomenology approach has been utilized as the main research methodology. Four practicing engineers from engineering department of one shipbuilding company in Peninsular Malaysia were purposively selected to be studied. From the analysis, there are three most frequent emerging themes in the application of contextual knowledge in manipulating model using 3D CAD modeling: Realization, Design Intention and Normalization. These three elements play an important role in helping engineers to contextualize their design work during the stage of manipulating created model for new product development process.

Systematic Review of Agile Methodologies for Software Development

Abstract: With the increase in complexity and innovation in IT products and services, developing them, that to by the shared efforts of team members brings in the need of some standardized development model or approach. Due to several advantages of agile methodologies over the traditional waterfall based models, it is the preferred choice. Many a times, a single agile method is also not enough to meet the current scenario of product development. We therefore propose a Competitor Driven Development (CDD) model, a hybrid agile process model for IT product development by abstracting practices from Extreme Programming (XP) and Feature Driven Reuse Development (FDRD) agile methods. This model is based on self-realizing requirements generation for Product development by keeping an eye watch on competitor’s upcoming launch of the product and market response to it rather than customer explicitly specifying the requirements. This development model can be generally used by the organizations who intend to develop IT product for mass targeted customers rather than an individual or an organization.

EXPLORING SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES FOR A CIRCULAR ECONOMY THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

AbstractOver the last years, academic literature has made significant progress on the development of key concepts, identifying circular product typologies, developing assessment methods, and exploring the synergies with manufacturing trends such as digitalisation or environmental management. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid on describing process model changes necessary for the implementation of circular product development. For this reason, this paper presents the circular Sustainable Product Development (cSPD) morphological field, aimed at providing implementation guidance to business and industry. It describes possible reconfigurations of the Sustainable Product Development (SPD) process model to further integrate circularity R-strategies, design scopes, design guidelines, inter- and intra-organisational actors and criteria for evaluation. With this framework, we intend to identify the most defining parameters in the process model and assign them a discrete number of categorical values so that different combinations explain the generation of prevalent circular product typologies in the manufacturing of durable goods.

Compassionate Design: Utilizing Design Thinking to Preserve Sanctity, Dignity, and Personhood When Children Die.

Greater than 70% of children who die in our institution annually die in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Family privacy, visitation policies, and an inability to perform religious rituals in the ICU are barriers to provide children with culturally competent, family-centered care when a child dies. The goal of this project was to profoundly understand family and staff experiences surrounding pediatric death in our institution to identify unique opportunities to design improved, novel delivery models of pediatric end of life (EOL) care. This project utilized a structured process model based on the Vogel and Cagan's 4-phase integrated new product development process model. The 4 phases are identifying, understanding, conceptualizing, and realizing. We utilized an adaptation of this process model that relies on human-centered and design thinking methodologies in 3 phases: research, ideation, and refinement of a process or product opportunity. There were 2 primary results of this project: 5 process and opportunity areas to improve the EOL experience across the hospital, and a set of criteria and considerations for a dedicated EOL space. Sometimes, the best outcome we can provide for a child and their family is a peaceful, dignified death. This project utilized human-centered design to create improved process outcomes and to design a dedicated EOL space for children who die in the hospital. Offering grieving families quiet, private time with their child in a beautiful, dignified, peaceful location enables the beginning of improved bereavement outcomes for the family and staff.

Complex network to enhance characterization analysis in modelling product development process

Nowadays, successful and innovative product development is highly correlated with the company's success and reason for existence. A development process is a major factor influencing cost, timing and quality of product development. It requires additional attention to decisions made about programme, budget, technical and market risks. In this paper a product development process model is proposed in an innovation context and strategy framework of design process and project management. The process modelling is complex network theory based, to improve characterization analysis for product development process modelling. Required concepts for complex process are established to build product development mathematical model, and provide an overview of key definitions and complex networks advanced tools. Finally, a case study for an Algerian electric generator company is carried out to prove the practicality of the proposed model.

Utilization of Contextual Knowledge Elements in 3D CAD Model Visualization from the Perspectives of Practicing Engineers

Today’s industry force demands for knowledgeable and skillful engineering graduates in using modern Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools. However, current practices show that there is a lack of contextual knowledge among Mechanical Engineering undergraduates and fresh graduate engineers in utilizing 3D CAD modeling software to develop a good product design. Hence, a study to address this issue is conducted by focusing on the representation of contextual knowledge in 3D CAD modeling. This article focused on presenting essential elements of contextual knowledge utilized among practicing engineers in their daily design works, in the aspect of Model Visualization. This study was conducted using a transcendental phenomenology approach. Four practicing engineers from engineering department of one shipbuilding company in Peninsular Malaysia were purposively selected to be studied. From the analysis, there are three most frequent emerging themes in the application of contextual knowledge in visualizing and presenting model using 3D CAD modeling: Realization, Design Intention and Normalization. These three elements play an important role in helping engineers to contextualize their design work during the stage of visualizing and presenting created model for new product development process.

Integrated product development process and green supply chain management: Contributions, limitations and applications

The competitive market, the need for customers and the environmental pressures stimulate the search for innovative products. After all, the current state of the planet has been stimulating companies and individuals to pursue practices that contribute to environmental sustainability. In this respect, the topics related to the process of product development, to the management of the green supply chain and to sustainability assume high relevance. Therefore, this study aims to identify the main bibliographical references that deal with integrated product development process (IPDP) models for the green supply chain management (GSCM). This study starts by identifying some keywords and the main academic journals databases. From this search, the study selects the peer-reviewed articles from journals with high impact factor (SJR> 1; Q1), resulting in 9430 articles. Next, the search selects the articles of greater relevance on the studied subject by verifying the titles and abstracts, as well as considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 355 articles. These articles were analyzed as to the level of association to the two themes addressed (IPDP and GSCM), classified by area of influence. From the analysis were selected 33 papers considering their relevance and compliance with the analyzed topic (IPDP and GSCM). These articles were read integrally, aiming to report the main contributions in the area, the practical applications and the remaining limitations, being able to serve as a reference for future works. During the analyzes the authors have considered the years of publication, the main journals, key words, countries of origin, as well as the relevance with the research field. From these articles, this study categorized and selected five articles that presented models in accordance with the research target, detailing their contributions and limitations. The differential contribution of this paper was to identify and analyze models that relate or cover the relationship between GSCM and IPDP, which is a shortfall in the integration process between these two areas, specifically related to the “operations factor” involving green procurement, green distribution and green manufacturing issues.

Development of a clinician–parent home care education intervention

To examine the strengths and opportunities for improvement of current home care education practices to inform the development of the Home Care for Heart Health intervention, and to develop a web-based intervention for parents and clinicians with complimentary print materials that could provide the right education at the right time to foster a safer transition from hospital to home. An inter-professional focus group of parents, clinicians, and designers was formed to co-create a home care education intervention for parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and their care team. We used the Integrated New Product Development process model created by Jonathon Cagan and Craig Vogel at Carnegie Mellon University to develop the intervention. This process model is a way of thinking that combines horizontal and inter-disciplinary teams, stakeholder-centric focus, and a system of qualitative discovery and development evolving towards quantitative methods of refinement. Our team developed the Home Care for Heart Health intervention. The evidenced-based intervention includes a quick reference guide for parents of children with CHD, an accompanying app, family-friendly pathways, and clinician education. Using an inter-professional approach, our team of clinicians, parents, and design experts were able to co-create a clinician-parent home care education intervention with broad application and lifelong relevance to the Congenital Heart Disease Community. Our intervention has the potential to be used as a model for other home care education interventions for parents of children with chronic illnesses.

Innovation of New Product Development Process: A Case Study of Healthy Drink-Based Product Line in Indonesia’s Company

The research was financed by National Innovation System Research Incentive, Ministry Research and Technology, Republic of Indonesia (SINAS Ristek ) Abstract Contemporary and performing organizations are under tremendous pressure to bring new products and to market them quickly. However, the task of new product development requires significant investment and time in addition to making various decisions during the NPD process. The aims of the study is to identify pattern and model of new product development (NPD) process conducted by an Indonesia’s local company (“S” company), particularly for healthy drink, “K” products line to meet best practice in NPD. The research was also conducted to determine the factor(s) that promote and hinder innovation culture within the company, which can affect the company’s competitiveness. Descriptive analysis of factors and determinants which support and hinder the NPD process are provided using strategic assessment and alignment model. The mapping status of newess level of products or portfolios, level of innovativeness and NPD stages are analysed using a Stage-Gate framework. The result found that the process of innovation and NPD in “S” company strongly associated with personal figure of the CEO/top manager or top-down appraoch. The fact that informal NPD process in “S” company is seemingly spontaneous, natural yet very flexible and highly dependent on CEO’s intuition. Keywords: new product development process, Indonesia, healthy drink, innovation DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-24-17 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Medical device development, from technical design to integrated product development

The development process of medical devices (MDs) implies the integration of knowledge and skills from the fields of medicine and engineering. Such an integration is difficult because of lack of communication, mismatch of priorities and work-style differences among those fields. Besides, MD development has particularities that make the product development process (PDP) even more complex such as high level of regulations, concurrent technologies application as well as different end users requirements. In addition, these MDs are classified according to the level of risk they offer to users – low, medium and high – what makes their development project very complex in practice depending on the risk associated. For the specific case of SMEs in the broad mechanical and electronic area that develop physical MD with low and medium-risk levels, PDP models in place have proved to be not well fit to the reality they face. This research objective is to synthesise a PDP model for SMEs in the specific medical sector, by incorporating the best practices of the engineering area and particularities of the medical area. The methodology used was an extensive bibliographic analysis and field research conducted towards SMEs in the MD industry.

NASA-TLX for predictability and measurability of instructional design models: case study in design methods

Innovation projects has established as an emerging field of research, a number of issues have emerged; among the others, measurability and predictability of product development. Moreover, whilst great relevance has been given to aspects such as innovation factors, product results, cognitive knowledge, poor attention has been given to other fundamental factors: product development process and effectiveness of design process as a consequence of complex problem situation. A formalization in affordances of design process may help overcome said issues and enhance product effectiveness, by identifying and highlighting potential designers’ workload perception during the Product Development Process. In this scenario, this paper describes an approach for continuously monitoring and measuring the complexity of design process during the creation of a new product. After an overview of the related work, this study proposes a common instructional design model for Product Development Process, which was split in order to be measured by using NASA-TLX. This research propose that the use of NASA-TLX to predict and measure the designer workload during the design process contributes to a better understanding of the relationships among the different design phases and designer workload. After having shown a case study, a discussion about the possible developments, as well as the limitations of the proposed method, concludes this work.

Towards an integrated process model for new product development with data-driven features (NPD3)

New information and communication technologies are changing the way products are developed, manufactured, serviced and managed over the product’s lifecycle. Today’s smart products not only consist of their physical components, but are also endowed with intelligence. Data and the capabilities to process data into knowledge and eventually decisions have become critical components of the product itself and of the process to develop/operate the product. This paper investigates how engineers and a new functional role, data scientists, can effectively collaborate in a mixed team for new product development with data-driven features (NPD3). We focus on the concept development stage, typically the fuzziest phase of product development. In this paper, an integrated process model is explored by revisiting the traditional new product development (NPD) process model as well as the knowledge discovery and data mining (KDDM) process model. Then a case study of the development of an application-specific unmanned aircraft system (UAS) is used to examine the proposed model.

Simulation and optimization of overlapped iteration process with multi-coupled activities based on value analysis

The appropriate iteration process model is the basis for managing and optimizing the product development process. In this article, we attempt to introduce the concept of process effectiveness and process value. The relationship between rework probability and process effectiveness is discussed. The evolution function of process effectiveness is proposed to drive the overlapped iteration process of multi-coupled activities. The evolution process with input information update is studied, and a simulation model is presented to obtain the accurate iteration process of development. It is useful to analyze the risks during development, and has good flexibility and versatility. The calculation method of process value for overlapped iteration process is given, and an optimization model for product development process is provided. The model is used to improve the development process of the stamping die of a car roof. With the model, we can get a suitable overlapping rate of multi-coupled activities to improve development performance.

A collaborative apparel new product development process model using virtual reality and augmented reality technologies as enablers

ABSTRACTThis study presents a collaborative new product development (NPD) process model that accommodates different perspectives of stakeholders in an apparel value chain and expedites robust new product outcomes. Advanced technologies are demanded to establish such collaborative NPD process models. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies have become prominent in product realisation during this process, to evaluate multiple alternatives. The study proposes a twofold approach where, in the first phase, a qualitative study was carried out to evaluate the viewpoint of value stream collaborators to study the potential opportunities and limitations of applying VR and AR in NPD process. In the second phase, a quantitative study was carried out to assess the apparel consumers’ awareness on VR or AR applications, perceptions on such technologies, and intention to use such technologies in the context of apparel business. Data collection consisted of 10 in-depth interviews with experts in the industry and 94 survey responses from apparel consumers in the United Kingdom. It is concluded that VR and AR technologies will be enablers for NPD’s success in the apparel industry in providing quick responses to consumers to enhance the performance of the new products.

Design management in the toy industry: Case studies on design insertion for the development process in Brazilian toy companies

Design is assuming more strategic roles in the industry, bringing different approaches to the development of new products that enables innovations and higher acceptance. Like other segments, the toy industry is also modifying to meet new demands, seeking to develop games and toys aligned with the contemporary child. To improve the quality of the national toy, design insertion has been stated as a desired goal. However, there are not significant reports in the literature about how it is integrated in the segment. This study aimed to evaluate the integration of designers in the development process of new products of three different Brazilian toy companies that acted as case studies. Based on Design Management (DM) and Product Development Process (PDP) Models, we implemented a new model that aided in organizing and analyzing records of the companies’ structures and development processes. Results indicated the difficulties and improvement points to insert Designers in a formalized process, being those located mostly on the initial planning, product prototyping, and post launch stages. A recent increase in design acceptance and usage, however, was noted, with Design being considered as directly related with the quality increase of the company’s products. Keywords: design management, toy industry, development of new product, Brazilian industry, industrial design.

RESEARCH OF THE NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

New product development is the main factor of economic progress in building the economic competitive advantage. The life cycle of products becomes very short and it trends to be shorter year by year. It means that innovation becomes the main driver force in the economy. The innovation level is not sufficient in Latvia. One of the most significant players in the innovation field are business incubators in Latvia. This research study underlines the role of evaluation of each stage of innovation processes. The authors offer a new model for the evaluation of innovation processes stage by stage. This model allows to identify the main problems that hinder innovation. This model allows to develop concrete proposals for improving the innovative climate in the country. The research is based on the authors’ conducted research as a part of scientific grant of Rezekne Academy of Technologies „New product development process modeling and analysis in Latvia – innovation barriers”. The main methods, that are used in this research were as follows: content analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, abstract and logical construction methods.

A NEW INNOVATIVE PRODUCT PORTFOLIO IN LATVIA AND ITS AVAILABILITY ON THE MARKET (BUSINESS INCUBATION PROGRAMME 2009-2014)

New product development is a very important issue for economic growth and welfare growth in general. The support programme of business incubators plays a significant role for operation of start-up companies in their creation of new products. In spite of it many enterprises of business incubators are not able to finish their innovation process, which shows on necessity to research these problems. The aim of the research is to investigate the portfolio of new products which were developed by Latvian Start-up companies in the frame of the Business Incubation Programme 2009-2014, related to commercialization and market uptake. The research is based on the authors’ conducted research as a part of scientific grant of Rezekne Academy of Technologies „New product development process modeling and analysis in Latvia – innovation barriers”. The following methods are used in this research: content analysis, deductive, logical and comparison, and word cloud methods. As a result, the authors worked out and offered the word cloud of innovative products, which are produced in business incubators in Latvia, and which are available in markets. The authors worked out the word cloud of New Products, which are produced in business incubators, but are not on the markets.

A new model of sustainable product development process for making trade-offs

The decisions made during product development (PD) lock in 70–80 % of total product cost, and the quality of the product is also largely fixed. Therefore, these decisions have a great influence on product life cycle cost, quality, and sustainability. To improve such decisions, designers need to make high-level trade-offs among various criteria to see their effects. Therefore, developing a model to support trade-offs for sustainable product development is a significant concern for designers. This research attempts to consider sustainability, quality, and cost simultaneously to make trade-offs between environmental issues and other customer requirements to select the best design specifications on their basis. Sustainability is considered as a customer requirement, which then is translated into design specifications. In this study, sustainable design is treated as an optimization problem to maximize value-added activities while minimizing environmental effects. Multi-attribute utility theory is utilized in order to formulate combination of the customer’s opinions and make a trade-off between different groups of customer requirements in the final model. An optimization model is then defined to model sustainability, quality, and cost in the product development process in order to find the optimum level of their combination thereof. By using this model, designers need not select between different solutions since they can find the optimal solution. A case study is illustrated and the results are discussed.