Market Model Research Articles

Strategic Implications of Intellectual Property in Shaping Corporate Image and Branding

This paper explores the critical role of intellectual property (IP) in shaping corporate image and branding in the digital age. The main objective of this paper is to examine the evolution of the IP-based marketing model, focusing on how it attracts consumers and brand loyalty. Through an in-depth literature review and theoretical analysis, this study explores the practical application of intellectual property in brand strategy. Using case studies of established brands such as Sanrio and emerging brands such as Chiikawa, this paper demonstrates the impact and challenges of integrating IP into marketing campaigns. The results show that IP can build deep consumer connections and serve as a dynamic brand communication platform. Even in the face of declining traditional sales channels and the need to embrace digital transformation, strategic IP integration can increase brand awareness and enhance consumer loyalty. The report concludes that a prudent and innovative approach to intellectual property is essential for brands seeking to resonate with consumers on a deeper level. A well-designed IP strategy has the potential to significantly expand a brand's market presence and foster a unique consumer experience.

Regulation by enforcement: the impact of Securities and Exchange Commission enforcement actions on crypto valuation

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of enforcement actions by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on the valuation of major crypto assets. Design/methodology/approach Given the recent increase in regulatory efforts to combat fraudulent activity within the market, the paper concentrates on the period from 2019 to 2023 and uses the event study approach. Findings The analysis reveals a negative and economically significant effect of SEC actions on crypto valuations, ranging from −0.7% to −1.4% over a three-day window surrounding the announcement of enforcement actions for the entire sample. Particularly, a pronounced negative reaction is observed from crypto investors to SEC enforcement actions in 2022 and those where individuals are charged. Originality/value The findings align with existing literature, even though the study uses more conservative methodological approaches and data selection criteria. Specifically, the author uses a market event study model, account for potential confounding events, and use initial news reports about investigations rather than official SEC communications as event dates.

Trading signals of the relative strength index and market valuation of State Treasury companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange

Abstract Accurate forecasting of the level of volatility of financial instrument prices is important from the point of view of stock exchange investors. The aim of this paper is to measure the value relevance of transaction signals (buy/sell) by the relative strength index (RSI) in the case of State Treasury companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). The research covered the two hypotheses stating that stock buy (sell) transaction signals generated by the RSI indicator cause the occurrence of statistically significant positive (negative) abnormal returns (AR). These, in turn, support that RSI generates value-relevant signals, which are valuable investment tools and can be used to earn money on the stock exchanges. Based on the final research sample, including 75 buy signals and 88 sell signals, generated by the RSI indicator on the shares of State Treasury companies listed on WSE, an event study methodology was carried out. In 7-day event windows, calculations were made of AR, which is the difference between the realized and the expected return (estimated on the basis of the market model). The averaged ARs did not differ statistically significantly from zero on any of the tested days for both buy and sell signals. Therefore, research results do not indicate that share purchase (sell) transaction signals generated by the RSI indicator result in the occurrence of statistically significant positive (negative) average abnormal returns (AAR).

Evaluating and Analysing Digital Entrepreneurship: Innovation, Competitive Advantage, and Sustainability in the Modern Business Landscape

This review paper examines the transformative impact of digital entrepreneurship on the modern business landscape, focusing on its ability to drive innovation, provide competitive advantages, and contribute to economic growth. The study explores key components of successful digital enterprises, including digital literacy, creativity, and critical reasoning, while analyzing emerging trends such as artificial intelligence, digital marketing, and subscription-based models. Through case studies of successful companies like Shopify and Airbnb, the paper highlights how digital platforms disrupt traditional industries and enhance customer experiences. Despite the benefits, digital entrepreneurship faces challenges like high competition, data security concerns, and customer trust issues. The review concludes that, by embracing technological advancements and innovative strategies, digital enterprises can thrive, create value, and shape a sustainable and inclusive global economy.

Market clearing in an islanded microgrid considering the impact of demand response programs and consumer discomforting

ABSTRACT The traditional power system paradigm, characterized by fixed tariffs and a lack of consideration for dynamic wholesale values, is faced with inherent challenges impacting its efficiency and resilience. These challenges are addressed by introducing a novel model for market clearing in islanded microgrids. The limitations of existing systems, including the absence of dynamic pricing, insufficient consideration for consumer discomfort during peak hours, and inefficient resource utilization, are taken into account. The primary objective of this research is to mitigate customer discomfort through the incorporation of Demand Response Programs (DRP) and the use of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for market clearing. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, notably improving transmission line loading and overall resource utilization. This innovative approach not only provides a solution to existing challenges but also advances sustainable and resilient microgrid operations.

Comparative Study of Domestic and International Art Museum Derivatives

With the continuous improvement of the national economy, the quality of cultural consumer groups generally improve, the museum as a place of convergence of cultural essence, through the derivatives produced by the arts is worth studying, this paper is mainly through the introduction of domestic art derivatives of the development and construction of art derivatives with foreign art derivatives to compare the different, view design thinking and marketing model, put forward some reflections and constructive thinking, especially in the era of consumerism. Derivatives with what kind of innovative ideas, art and culture and the public clever connection.

Anomalies and Multi-Factor Models in the Chinese Market

A stock market anomaly refers to the occurrence of excess returns in stocks that cannot be fully explained by traditional asset pricing models or the efficient market hypothesis. Studying these anomalies allows scholars to gain deeper insights into the stock market and provides investors with opportunities to capitalize on these irregularities for higher returns. In this paper, the size and value factors in the Chinese stock market are empirically tested for the period from January 2002 to December 2021, leading to several conclusions. First, the CH-3 model is found to be more suitable for the Chinese market compared to the FF-3 model. Additionally, the interpretation of anomalies using CH-3 differs from prior research, particularly regarding the CH-4 model, which incorporates a share turnover factor. These differences may stem from potential data mining effects.

Efficiency and transparency in the management of energy transactions of a smart grid

Smart grids are developing rapidly, offering significant benefits but also major challenges. Among the main issues are trust between network players, transparency of energy transactions and data confidentiality. To address this, it is crucial to create energy transaction systems that ensure transparency, trust, and minimization of energy losses, while preserving the confidentiality of the information exchanged. An in-depth study led to the design of an innovative architecture in 7 layers, including a specific layer for energy transfer in order to accurately monitor consumption in smart grids. The division of smart grids into geographical areas aims to optimize energy transmission and reduce losses. In this article, a smart contract-based mechanism was developed, deployed on an Ethereum testnet to manage financial and energy transactions, to ensure transparency and build trust. A decentralized application (Dapp) has also been created to facilitate the management of these transactions. This architecture has been validated by comparative simulations between our market model and the one based on the double auction mechanism. The results show that our system, using energy consumption tokens on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) of the Sepolia testnet, reduces transaction losses, stabilizes prices, and maintains a high level of satisfaction through transparent and reliable transaction management and consumption tracking.

Model of optimizing operating modes of autonomous power supply systems based on hydrogen technologies for the needs of the Arctic

The possibilities of implementing a “hydrogen transition” in the local energy sector of the Arctic are considered based on the application of the concepts of environmentally friendly technologies and socio-technological transit according to the criterion of profit maximization. The relevance of the work is due to the reform of the electric power industry, which implies a phased transition to a competitive market model, when each manufacturer will be interested in maximizing its own profit and independently determine the volume of production of electrical and thermal energy based on modern technologies. An analysis of foreign experience in creating autonomous hybrid power systems was carried out. The article discusses the possibilities of using hydrogen produced from natural gas in fuel cells in decentralized electricity and heat supply systems. The conditions for the competitiveness of the new technology in comparison with centralized systems and decentralized ones based on mini-CHP with gas turbine or gas piston engines have been determined. It has been shown that fuel cell systems using natural gas as fuel are not energy-saving technologies, but can reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the environment. Massive use of fuel cells in decentralized energy supply systems is possible only if their cost is reduced to less than $100/kW.

Can the optimal fiscal policy counteract corporate tax evasion without harming job creation?

PurposeThis paper studies the relation between corporate tax evasion, job creation and optimal fiscal policy. Job creation depends on firms’ profits since firms open (“create”) new jobs when profits increase. In turn, firms’ profits depend on incentives (rewards) and disincentives (penalties) to comply with tax rules. Hence, any fiscal policy to combat tax evasion also has repercussions on job creation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is both theoretical and empirical. From a theoretical point of view, a modified and extended version of the search and matching model of the labor market is used. In this framework, moreover, the welfare function of workers and firms is closely related to the job creation condition. Empirically, a panel analysis of a system of two simultaneous equations that covers 54 countries (both developed and developing) and four years (2018–2021) is carried out.FindingsThe paper finds that anti-tax evasion policies should be related to job creation policies. Also, anti-tax evasion and job creation policies change according to the extent of tax evasion in the economy. Precisely, when tax evasion is widespread, a lower tax burden (tax cuts or provision of fiscal rewards) requires tighter tax audits, whereas, where most people comply with tax rules, a decrease in tax audits is possible.Practical implicationsThe empirical analysis supports the model-generated theoretical relationships. Eventually, therefore, the optimal fiscal policy suggested by this work can counteract corporate tax evasion and, at the same time, reduce the firm’s tax burden, thus promoting job creation.Originality/valueAs far as we are aware, this is the first paper that considers the close and direct link between fiscal policy, corporate tax evasion and job creation.

Search, transport costs and labour markets in South Africa

AbstractSouth Africa's labour market exhibits a unique equilibrium with one of the highest unemployment rates in the world and yet a low level of informal employment. The unemployment rate has remained high and persistent over recent decades, in spite of the formal demise of the apartheid regime and subsequent transition to democracy in 1994. This paper uses a matching model of the labour market to argue that spatial considerations combined with low productivity of informal work may be responsible for such an outcome. Spatial dispersion inherited from the apartheid regime thins the labour market, creating exclusion and perpetuating spatial segregation. In most developing countries, the result would be higher informal employment. However, spatial dispersion also reduces productivity in the informal sector so that workers prefer to look for a low probability job in the formal sector rather than move to informality. This produces high and persistent unemployment rates. As a result, transportation costs and housing deregulation may become the key factors in improving the working of the labour market in South Africa.

Monte Carlo simulation of community microgrid operation: Business prospects in the Brazilian regulatory framework

Microgrids offer an innovative solution to modern energy challenges, providing enhanced reliability and resilience to distribution systems while accommodating the growing presence of distributed energy resources (DER). However, realizing the potential benefits of microgrids requires a comprehensive assessment of their complex technical and economic aspects. This paper introduces a dedicated techno-economic evaluation model for community microgrids (CMGs) while considering a consumer-centric internal market. Uncertainties arising from load variations and intermittent generation are addressed via Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The proposed internal market model aligns with the Brazilian regulatory framework and enables currently unavailable innovations, such as a community internal market; however, the model can be adapted to the context of any system. We demonstrate the capabilities of the methodology by presenting a case study involving a real microgrid, where economic benefits are shared among all consumers. This study, derived from a research and development (R&D) project, underscores its practical relevance in advancing cleaner and more sustainable energy systems.

A Model of Integrated Marketing Communication for Community Products: “Chi-Hot” Parsley Balm of Klong Yong Sub-district, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

Introduction: Herbal products are famous for their affordability, ease of production, and health benefits. People are more aware of their health. The biennial fragrant plant parsley has essential oils that can be used for various applications. It is extracted for inhaler balms under the brand “Chi-hot” (“Chi” is parsley in the Thai language). Purpose: This research aims to explore consumer behavior of herbal balm and develop an integrated marketing communication (IMC) model for selling parsley balm. Methods: This survey collects data by questionnaire from 256 consumers selected by convenient sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics analyzed the data. Findings: 78% of respondents have used herbal balm, and 48% purchase 1-2 times/month. The reasons for purchase are Price (38%), Brand(26%), and Quality (11%). IMC's model for selling parsley balm consists of Public Relations, Word-of-Mouth Marketing, Event Marketing, Advertising, Direct Marketing, Promotions, and Personal Selling. Implication: Parsley balm can be developed as a community herbal product to promote local wisdom and enhance local revenue. IMC's model of Public Relations, Word-of-Mouth Marketing, Event Marketing, Advertising, Direct Marketing, Promotions, and Personal Selling is effective for selling herbal products. Local manufacturers can employ this model easily with low investment.

Problems and Countermeasures of Enterprise Brand Marketing in the New Media Environment

With the continuous advancement of information technology, market competition has become increasingly intense. For enterprises, adhering strictly to traditional marketing models is unlikely to yield the desired results. Therefore, it is crucial for companies to focus on the application of new media, update their marketing strategies, and develop marketing models that align with their development needs. A brand can reflect a company's image to a certain extent, and an appropriate marketing plan can help build a positive image. This paper briefly introduces the impact of the new media environment on brand marketing, analyzes the problems existing in brand marketing of various enterprises under this environment, and proposes targeted countermeasures based on the demands of social development and the characteristics of enterprises. It provides theoretical support for conducting brand marketing in the new media context.

(Un)disclosed brand partnerships: How platform policies and interfaces shape commercial content for influencers

Social media platforms mediate and regulate how influencers engage in monetisation practices. In this social-legal paper we examine one form of monetisation, influencer marketing, to understand how platform policies and interfaces shape commercial content for influencers. We situate our inquiry of governance by platforms within the governance of platforms, by focusing on the legal obligation to disclose commercial content under European consumer law. Combining an analysis of platform documentation for Instagram, TikTok, Snap, and YouTube, with insights from a walkthrough of each platform, we present five findings. First, we explore the terminology used by platforms to refer to influencers. Second, we outline how platforms frame commercial content and situate business models of influencer marketing. Third, we analyse how platforms present the duty to disclose commercial content and assign responsibility for compliance. Fourth, we examine how platforms facilitate disclosure through their in-app tools. Finally, we look at the articulation regarding the moderation of undisclosed commercial content by platforms. Our analysis unveils tensions between the law (governance of platforms) and what platforms do (governance by platforms). Overall, as platforms hold significant power in shaping monetisation practices, we argue that enforcing influencers’ disclosure practices must be contextualised within the dynamics of platform governance.

Nutrition Marketing and Nutrient Profiling Models with Regard to Packaged Snack Foods: A Literature Review

Background: Snacking habits are changing towards healthier options as a result of growing consumer awareness, which is making nutrition and health important components of modern food culture. Nutrition-related claims may help consumers and desk job doers to make healthier choices. The food labels carrying nutritional information and health benefit of the product is very much revealing from a health point of view. Methods: This review is an attempt to document nutrition marketing with regard to packaged snack foods, nutrient profiling models for categorization of packaged snack foods and complacency of packaged snack foods with respect to nutrient claim and health claim. Results: Nutritional information available on products is helping consumers in making healthier choices along with products having any health or nutrition-related claims are fascinating consumers and are considered as a good marketing strategy for snack food manufactures. But, researchers pertaining to health and nutrition-related claims have documented an insignificant impact of these claims on consumer’s decision--making about purchasing packaged snack foods.

Market Reaction to Dividend Announcement during the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

This research uses Average Abnormal Return and Trading Volume Activity to test the market reaction around the dividend announcement date. Tests using these two parameters are expected to provide a more comprehensive description of market reactions. This research is quantitative research using secondary data. Even study method with a window period of 5 days before and 5 days after the dividend announcement date. Abnormal returns were calculated using a market model for 252 dividend announcement events on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020. The sample was determined using purposive sampling technique and data analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 application. The research results show that there is a market reaction in terms of abnormal returns and differences in trading volume activity when cash dividends are announced during the Covid-19 pandemic. The announcement of an increase in the value of cash dividends and a decrease in the value of cash dividends during the pandemic caused a market reaction characterized by a significant positive average abnormal return. Meanwhile, for the announcement of the provision of dividends and the elimination of dividends, there were no significant average abnormal returns and no significant differences in trading volume activity.

Comparative Analysis of Market Clearing Mechanisms for Peer-to-Peer Energy Market Based on Double Auction

This paper aims to develop an optimisation-based price bid generation mechanism for the sellers and buyers in a double-auction-aided peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading market. With consumers being prosumers through the continuous adoption of distributed energy resources, P2P energy trading models offer a paradigm shift in energy market operation. Thus, it is essential to develop market models and mechanisms that can maximise the incentives for participation in the P2P energy market. In this sense, the proposed approach focuses on maximising profit at the sellers, as well as maximising cost savings at the buyers. The bids generated from the proposed approach are integrated with three different market clearing mechanisms, and the corresponding market clearing prices are compared. A numerical analysis is performed on a real-life dataset from Ausgrid to demonstrate the bids generated from sellers/buyers, as well as the associated market clearing prices throughout different months of the year. It can be observed that the market clearing prices are lower when the solar generation is higher. The statistical analysis demonstrates that all three market clearing mechanisms can achieve a consistent market clearing price within a range of 5 cents/kWh for 50% of the time when trading takes place.

An equilibrium-based distribution market model hosting energy communities and grid-scale battery energy storage

The deregulation of the electricity sector calls up for a more active participation of end-users and distributed energy resources. Distribution markets clear local marginal prices at distribution levels, guiding the consumption or flexible loads and providing bidding prices for distributed generators. This paper proposes a new distribution market model involving energy communities and grid-scale battery energy storage units. The new model is based on equilibrium rather than auction, optimization or leader-follower principles, thus resulting in a cooperative framework where all the agents partake as price-taker entities. Profit-oriented models of the distribution system operator, energy communities and battery systems are proposed, which are jointly solved through their equivalent first-order optimality conditions, thus recasting as an equilibrium problem. The final optimization model results in a tractable and easily implementable Mixed Integer Linear Programming. An illustrative 4-bus system serves to validate the new proposal, while further simulations in 33-, and 123-bus systems confirm that the new market model is implementable in large-scale distribution systems. The results obtained with the new proposal are compared with those from a conventional centralized model, demonstrating that the proposed distribution market inhibits distributed assets of high prices from wholesale market, thus enabling a better use of distributed resources and redounding in a more profitable result for communities and battery systems.

Can Company radiation Announcement Influence Investor Sentiment and Predict Abnormal Returns? Tunisia Evidence

The purpose of this paper is to observe whether the announcement of company radiation can affect their abnormal return on the Tunisian stock exchange. The sample includes 5 non financial listed stocks in Tunisia Stock Exchange during the years 2012-2021. Company decides to announce its radiation to signal the market that the firm is now processing future prospects, which will result in changing its stock prices. The findings yield qualitatively consistent with the previous research. The result shows that the stock prices move upward significantly after dividend announcements. Abnormal return (AR) and cumulative abnormal return (CAR) from the market model are statistically significantly revealed. Moreover, most event windows show that the stock return becomes lower when the company delisted from stock market. The result is limited to the absence of an important number of firms listed in TSE from this period. Investors in Tunisia react negatively to firms’ radiation and show their preference for dividend to self control, satisfaction and increase their profit. This document provides evidence of the phenomenon of firms’ radiation from markets, we document the impact of delisting announcement on stock returns. Even though the results indicate that Tunisian market react to the announcement of companies’ radiation by managers. Moreover, the timing of delisting decision is affected by some different factor related to the firms’ situation and institutional environment. Tunisian investors react negatively to the announcement to firms delisting from Tunisian market.