Model Of Emotion Regulation Research Articles

Supplemental Material for Does Evidence Support an Emotion Regulation Model of Anorexia Nervosa? A Systematic Review of Over a Decade of Research

Supplemental Material for Does Evidence Support an Emotion Regulation Model of Anorexia Nervosa? A Systematic Review of Over a Decade of Research

Language teacher emotional intelligence: A scoping review

The current study reviewed and synthesized empirical research on foreign/second language teacher emotional intelligence (EI) using a scoping review approach. Specifically, 15 articles published between 2018 and 2024 were included and analyzed with a particular emphasis on the theoretical perspectives, research themes, research background, and methodologies. The results indicated that there were a variety of models and theories in language teacher EI research, with the trait EI model and theories of self-efficacy and emotion regulation receiving the most attention. Moreover, most reviewed studies regarded language teacher EI as an independent variable or antecedent, examining its impact on other individual and environmental variables. Underdeveloped regions, other target languages apart from English, multilingual teachers, and primary or secondary school teachers haven’t received much attention in the included articles. Additionally, homogenization in research design among these studies was noticeable, with quantitative studies, cross-sectional design, and self-reported questionnaires being prevalent. Finally, implications were provided based on these findings for the further development of language teacher EI.

Investigation into nurses’ emotion regulation while causing pain to adult patients during burns dressing changes: a qualitative study

BackgroundBurns can cause patients significant pain at the time of injury and during subsequent treatment. Other people’s pain often elicits empathic responses in observers. However, effective emotion regulation strategies are needed to manage personal distress, which may otherwise inhibit helping behaviour. MethodsThis study used an interpretative qualitative approach to conduct semi-structured interviews with burns nurses. Interviews explored emotion regulation strategies used by nurses whilst causing pain to adult patients during burns dressing changes. Transcripts were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six stages of thematic analysis. ResultsEight burns nurses participated in the interviews. Thematic analysis developed five themes: Emotions get in the way of being a good nurse; Pain’s an inevitable and justifiable part of treatment and healing; If I’m not made aware of the pain, maybe there is no pain; The pain’s due to other factors, not my actions; and Sometimes it’s too much. ConclusionBurns nurses’ attempts at regulating their emotions were influenced by their beliefs about what makes a ‘good’ nurse. Gross’s model of emotion regulation provides a useful framework for understanding these strategies, but further research is needed into the helpfulness of them for nurses and patients.

Cognitive and affective links between childhood adversity and psychological adjustment in emerging adults with chronic medical conditions.

Childhood adversity has been linked to poor psychological adjustment and decreased emotion regulation (ER) abilities. The extended process model of ER outlines the pivotal role of cognitive appraisals in the generation and expression of emotion as well as the pursuit of ER. The aim of the current study is to examine whether illness-related cognitive appraisals (i.e., illness uncertainty and illness intrusiveness) and emotion dysregulation serially mediate the relationship between childhood adversity and psychological adjustment for emerging adults with chronic medical conditions (CMCs). Participants included 557 undergraduate college students (Mage= 19.53 years, SD = 1.34) enrolled in a Midwestern public university with self-reported CMCs. Participants completed measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), illness uncertainty, illness intrusiveness, emotion dysregulation, anxious symptoms, and depressive symptoms. A path analysis was conducted examining ACEs → cognitive appraisals (i.e., illness uncertainty, illness intrusiveness) → emotion dysregulation → depressive and anxious symptoms. The overall model was significant and predicted 63.5% of the variability in anxious symptoms and 60.2% of the variability in depressive symptoms. All anticipated direct and indirect paths were significant. The current study indicates that greater childhood adversity is indeed associated with negative appraisals of one's CMC, such as greater perceived uncertainty and intrusiveness. Negative illness-related cognitive appraisals thus may limit one's ability to effectively employ adaptive strategies to regulate emotions, which could contribute to greater depressive and anxious symptoms.

Strategies and goals in Emotion Regulation models: a systematic review.

Studies examining the role of Emotion Regulation (ER) do not consistently explain the underlying model or theory they are employing, resulting in a conflation of different strategies and goals within the ER scientific literature. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and conceptual analysis of the primary strategies and goals advocated in the ER models, theories, and frameworks. Furthermore, we explored the distinctions between the prevailing contemporary ER models and classical conceptions of emotional dynamics, such as those proposed by Aristotle, Descartes, and Darwin. An electronic search was conducted in the Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases in November 2023. The key search terms used were grouped into two different topics: Emotion Regulation and Models/Theories/Frameworks. Articles were included if they reported one or more ER model in healthy individuals or emotionally disordered individuals and if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal in English in the last 5 years (from 2019 to 2023). A total of two reviewers independently assessed the titles, abstracts, and full texts. Models identified were summarized and classified based on the different ER strategies and goals. Of the 1,012 titles for initial consideration, 139 articles met the full eligibility criteria and were included for data extraction and synthesis. The review identified 10 ER models, and the most commonly used were the Process Model of Emotion Regulation and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation. There was a great deal of homogeneity among the proposed ER strategies and goals: the cognitive dimension is the core of ER strategy, and the ER goals are primarily hedonic or instrumental in nature. Both Descartes and Darwin views were present in the ER models; however, some of the most significant contributions in Aristotelian proposal seem to be forgotten, such as the integration of the physical, operational, and growth dimensions (eudaimonic goals). This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and was preregistered at Prospero platform (CRD42023491948).

Association between physical activity and mental health problems among children and adolescents: A moderated mediation model of emotion regulation and gender

BackgroundStudies suggests a correlation between physical activity and mental health, particularly in children and adolescents. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this relationship is not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate the potential mediating role of emotion regulation and the moderating influence of gender through a moderated mediation model. MethodsA sample size of 4763 students (mean age = 11.12 ± 1.48 years, 52.8 % females) from seven schools in Shenzhen, China, was recruited during the period of October to November 2023. The participants were administered self-reported questionnaires assessing physical activity, mental health, and emotion regulation. The moderated mediation model was analyzed. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0. ResultsThe results indicate a negative correlation between physical activity and mental health problems (all p < 0.001). This association was partially mediated by both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression (all p < 0.001). Additionally, gender significant moderated the path between physical activity and emotion regulation, specifically cognitive reappraisal (p < 0.001) and expressive suppression (p < 0.01). LimitationsAs a result of the cross-sectional design, no causal relationship could be established, and measurement bias should be noted. ConclusionPhysical activity is found to have a positive effect on the mental health problem of children and adolescents with emotion regulation serve as a partial mediator in the relationship. Additionally, in the mediation model, gender influences the first half of the path.

The Confluence Model of Sexual Aggression in the Context of Acute Intoxication and State Emotion Regulation.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying sexual aggression perpetration is critical for the development of targeted, evidence-based prevention. The current study evaluates the effects of state emotion regulation (ER), acute alcohol intoxication, and Confluence Model constructs on sexual aggression perpetration intentions. Single, male social drinkers, aged 21-30 years, with a history of sexual risk-taking (N = 90) were randomly assigned to an alcohol (BrAC = 0.1%) or sober control condition and completed measures of hypothetical sexual aggression intentions, state ER, and Confluence Model constructs. Logistic regression demonstrated men high in hostile masculinity expressed significantly greater sexual aggression intentions. In addition, men with poor state ER endorsed significantly greater sexual aggression intentions, although this relationship only held for the men in the sober condition. Results suggest that interventions targeting state ER may be beneficial to sexual aggression perpetration prevention programming.

Emphasizing the Social in Social Emotion Regulation: A Call for Integration and Expansion.

The Future of Affective Science Special Issues illuminate where the field of Affective Science is headed in coming years, highlighting exciting new directions for research. Many of the articles in the issues emphasized the importance of studying emotion regulation, and specifically, social emotion regulation. This commentary draws on these articles to argue that future research needs to more concretely focus on the social aspects of social emotion regulation, which have been underexplored in affective science. Specifically, we discuss the importance of focusing on social goals, strategies and tactics, and outcomes relevant to social emotion regulation interactions, more closely considering these processes for all individuals involved. To do so, we draw on research from neighboring subdisciplines of psychology that have focused on the social aspects of interactions. Moreover, we underscore the need to better integrate components of the process model of social emotion regulation and approach empirical inquiry more holistically, in turn illuminating how piecemeal investigations of these processes might lead to an incomplete or incorrect understanding of social emotion regulation. We hope this commentary supplements the research in the special issues, further highlighting ways to advance the field.

Is COVID-19 related workload related to Chinese social workers’ mental health? A moderated mediation model of compassion burnout and emotional regulation

COVID-19-related workload is a significant determinant of social worker mental health, with limited exploration of the underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the mediating role of compassion burnout and the moderating effect of emotional regulation among 1023 Chinese social workers. Compassion burnout partially mediates the COVID-19 workload–depression relationship, while emotional regulation moderates this link and the impact of compassion burnout on depression. Notably, social workers with higher emotional regulation exhibit reduced susceptibility. This research advances our understanding of the COVID-19 workload’s impact on mental health and offers policy and organizational-level recommendations for safeguarding Chinese social workers’ well-being.

What Emotion Regulation Strategies are Associated with a General Psychopathology Factor (p) in Adolescence? Identifying Possible Transdiagnostic Targets for Intervention.

Mental health problems in adolescence are increasing and there is an urgent call for transdiagnostic interventions, as most adolescents experience problems across multiple domains. Research has identified a general psychopathology factor (p) capturing the shared variance across mental health problems. In parallel, there is empirical support for the transdiagnostic nature of emotion regulation. In the current study, we explore the associations between p and emotion regulation strategies to identify which strategies may be promising targets for intervention. Data from the population-based Youth and Mental Health Study (YAMHS) (N = 2,464, mean age 13.7years, SD 0.6) was used. The fit of different structural models of emotion regulation and psychopathology were compared, and latent factors from the final models were included in multiple regression analyses to explore the associations between p and emotion regulation strategies. A bifactor exploratory structural equation model (B-ESEM) showed best fit for modelling p. For emotion regulation strategies, an ESEM model showed best fit, including Rumination, Reactive Impulsivity, Distraction, Non-Acceptance, Problem Solving, Social Support, and Proactive Behavior. Results showed that a higher score on p was predicted by higher scores on the emotion regulation strategies Rumination (β = .38, p < .001) and Reactive Impulsivity (β = .35, p < .001), and lower scores on Problem Solving (β = -.15, p < .001). The results indicate that Rumination and Reactive Impulsivity have the strongest associations with p and may be promising targets for mental health interventions for adolescents.

Experiential Avoidance Process Model: A Review of the Mechanism for the Generation and Maintenance of Avoidance Behavior.

Experiential avoidance refers to a phenomenon in which individuals exhibit an unwillingness to engage with certain personal experiences, including physical sensations, emotions, thoughts, memories, and behavioral tendencies. They employ cognition and emotions to avoid these experiences. Extensive research has linked experiential avoidance to various mental diseases, conduct disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. While the existing literature highlights the significance of understanding experiential avoidance as a central mechanism underlying psychological symptomatology development and maintenance, further investigation is required to comprehend its dimensions and mechanisms fully. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current theories and empirical evidence on experiential avoidance while elucidating its association with psychopathology. We propose a model of experiential avoidance processes based on an extensive review and critical analysis of the previous emotion regulation model that integrates expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal during emotion regulation through experiential avoidance. This proposed model seeks to explain both the formation and maintenance aspects of experiential avoidance by offering valuable insights for future research. We also examined the association between experiential avoidance and various psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Elaborating on these mechanisms provides a roadmap for future research endeavors and clinical interventions.

Coach-athlete attachment and athlete burnout: testing longitudinal mediation via cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression

ABSTRACT Athlete burnout is a psychological syndrome that leads to emotional and physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of achievement, and sport devaluation among athletes. Drawing on attachment theory and the emotion regulation model of attachment, this study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of the relationship between coach-athlete attachment and athlete burnout. We employed a two-wave longitudinal design method to track 352 adult athletes in China, from which 258 completed the entire data collection (Mage = 22.2; SD = 3.2 years; 68.2% male). Results of the cross-lagged panel model for a half-longitudinal design showed that secure attachment was negatively linked to athlete burnout through cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and avoidant attachment was positively linked to athlete burnout through expressive suppression. Our study applies attachment theory to the literature on athlete burnout and emphasises the importance of emotion regulation. The findings encourage coaches and sports-related therapists to develop appropriate interventions targeting attachment style and cognitive reappraisal training to reduce the risk of athlete burnout.

Adolescent digital emotion regulation.

The maturation of effective emotion regulation (ER) skills is a core achievement of adolescence and youth are now developing their ER habits and skills in a hybrid reality of digital and non-digital experiences. We present a new model of adolescent digital emotion regulation as a conceptual framework to help guide burgeoning research in this area. We distinguish two primary processes: the regulation of emotions that have been elicited within digital contexts (i.e., the regulation of digitally induced emotions), and how youth regulate their emotions through digital means (i.e., digitally regulated emotion). Following the explication of different pathways in the model and consideration of the affordances of digital contexts, we highlight how this framework connects to theory and guides future research.

Dynamics of Mothers’ Emotion Regulation in Handling Meltdowns and Tantrums in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

This study aims to understand the dynamics of mothers’ emotion regulation in handling meltdowns or tantrums in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The dynamic includes the emotional regulation process, the methods for handling children’s meltdowns and tantrums, as well as the contributing factors. This study is a qualitative research, which data was collected through interviews with three study participants. Study results show that study participants utilize the five models of emotion regulation developed by Gross (2007), namely: (1) situation selection; (2) situation modification; (3) attention deployment; (4) cognitive change; and (5) response modulation. In this study, one of the findings was related to how the mothers’ condition can affect the way mothers regulate emotions. When the study participants are in a conducive condition, cognitive change tend to be prioritized before response modulation, and vice versa. Factors that affect mothers’ emotional regulation in handling meltdowns or tantrums are: (1) personal health; (2) personality; (3) mood; (4) busyness; (5) aspirations; and (6) interactions with other family members at home.

How do children with intellectual disabilities regulate their emotions? The views of parents

ABSTRACT Background Compared to their typically developing peers, children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities are at an increased risk of developing emotion regulation difficulties, this is especially the case for autistic individuals with intellectual disabilities. To better understand the emotion regulation experiences of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities, the views of parents were considered through the lens of one of the leading emotion regulation frameworks, the process model of emotion regulation. Method Twenty parents participated in semi-structured interviews. Results Thematic analysis supported the relevance of the process model to this population; and identified additional themes and sub-themes. Parental perspectives also differed between parents with autistic children with intellectual disabilities, compared to parents whose children were reported to only have a diagnosis of intellectual disability. Conclusions These identified themes could guide the development of an emotion regulation measure founded on the process model for this population.

Exploring the Relationship between Surface Acting, Job Stress, and Emotional Exhaustion in Health Professionals: The Moderating Role of LMX.

Rapid organizational changes due to technological advancements, high-efficiency expectations, and uncertainties, particularly in healthcare, have led to a global stress epidemic among em-ployees. This has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and evolving workplace practices. Surface acting, or the suppression and faking of emotions, significantly contributes to this stress and burnout, impacting not only individual healthcare professionals but also healthcare systems' overall effectiveness and sustainability. Providing adequate resources in high-demand work environments is, thus, essential to mitigate these negative experiences. Leader-member exchange (LMX) can play a pivotal role in understanding and addressing the needs and expectations of healthcare professionals. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR), Job Demands-Resources (JD-R), Social Exchange theories, and Grandey's Emotional Regulation Model, this study analyzed data from a convenience sample of 350 healthcare professionals. The results reveal that surface acting intensifies healthcare professionals' experiences of job stress and emotional exhaustion. Notably, the study empirically demonstrated that high levels of LMX in healthcare professionals' relationships with their leaders can mitigate the impact of surface acting on job stress and emotional exhaustion. These findings offer valuable insights for managers and policymakers, highlighting the importance of LMX in maintaining sustainable management practices in complex and stressful healthcare organizations.

Longitudinal Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Anxiety in College Students: The Mediating Effect of Emotion Reregulation Strategy and Moderating Effect of Parent-Child Relationship.

Based on Conservation of resources theory, process model of emotion regulation and attachment theory, the present study examined how psychological capital affects anxiety through the mediation of emotion regulation strategies and explored the moderating role of parent-child relationship. Using a longitudinal study method, 962 college students were surveyed twice at one-year intervals. (1) College students' emotion regulation strategies (including cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) partially mediated psychological capital and anxiety mood; (2) parent-child relationship moderated the pathways of psychological capital and expressive suppression on anxiety, respectively. College students with higher levels of parent-child relationship had stronger predictive effects of psychological capital and weaker predictive effects of expressive suppression on anxiety mood. The research findings clarify the combined effects of emotion regulation and parent-child relationships on anxiety among college students, providing valuable reference for the design and implementation of interventions to promote individual psychological well-being.

Psychological care for cancer survivors: a 2 × 2 model of interpersonal emotion regulation by caregivers.

Psychological care for cancer survivors: a 2 × 2 model of interpersonal emotion regulation by caregivers.

Modelo regulación de emociones para incrementar las habilidades básicas de interacción social en infantes

Modelo regulación de emociones para incrementar las habilidades básicas de interacción social en infantes

Information-based TMS to mid-lateral prefrontal cortex disrupts action goals during emotional processing

The ability to respond to emotional events in a context-sensitive and goal-oriented manner is essential for adaptive functioning. In models of behavioral and emotion regulation, the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is postulated to maintain goal-relevant representations that promote cognitive control, an idea rarely tested with causal inference. Here, we altered mid-LPFC function in healthy individuals using a putatively inhibitory brain stimulation protocol (continuous theta burst; cTBS), followed by fMRI scanning. Participants performed the Affective Go/No-Go task, which requires goal-oriented action during affective processing. We targeted mid-LPFC (vs. a Control site) based on the individualized location of action-goal representations observed during the task. cTBS to mid-LPFC reduced action-goal representations in mid-LPFC and impaired goal-oriented action, particularly during processing of negative emotional cues. During negative-cue processing, cTBS to mid-LPFC reduced functional coupling between mid-LPFC and nodes of the default mode network, including frontopolar cortex—a region thought to modulate LPFC control signals according to internal states. Collectively, these results indicate that mid-LPFC goal-relevant representations play a causal role in governing context-sensitive cognitive control during emotional processing.