Stakeholder Model Research Articles

In search of a fair MTPE pricing model: LSPs’ reflections and the implications for translators

ABSTRACT Machine translation post-editing (MTPE) has become an important part of the commercial translation business. As such, MTPE pricing models are under-studied yet vital elements in determining the professional value of translators as workers. This focus-group study investigates the discourse of eight LSP representatives relating to their MTPE pricing practice and, using the notion of psychological contract from organisational psychology, analyses what kind of external messages, including untold meanings and cues, translators may receive from the MTPE pricing practice. We then discuss how such messages may shape translators’ individual beliefs relating to contractual terms in MTPE projects, as well as their implications for MTPE operations in general. Three significant points are identified regarding; (1) How LSPs use different pricing models for different stakeholders to manage translators’ motivation for MTPE work; (2) How the notion of ‘speed’ incorporated in the MTPE pricing methods has a potential to determine translators’ work motivation and recruitment; and (3) How the power structure of technology ownership may influence future MTPE pricing practice. The outcomes of this exploratory study will contribute to the development of much-needed industry-wide conversation about this controversial topic.

Towards new perspectives in corporate governance : A literature review

Corporate governance is a multidisciplinary concept that concerns the first place the relationship between the shareholders and the manager (separation of ownership and control) in a contractual approach of the agency theory concerns the second place other stakeholders known by the Stakeholders model. In the recent past, this concept has evolved to include other dimensions (cognitive and behavioral) to remedy the inefficiencies of the shareholder approach. This article is a documentary research that explores a range of theories related to a new non-contractual approach to the firm: the behavioral approach to corporate governance. The results show that, like agency costs, there are behavioral costs (internal and external) that are costs associated with behavioral errors due to cognitive or emotional imperfections.

A study of the participation of the ministries of agriculture, Northcentral zone in the planning and implementation of the2014 national security strategyon food security in Nigeria

The need to secure participations of all stakeholders in the formulations of national security strategy for States cannot be overemphasized. It was against this background that this study adopted Stakeholder Model of Implementation Theory to interrogate whether the Ministries of Agriculture in the North Central Zone, Nigeria participated in the planning and implementation of the 2014 National Security Strategy (NSS) on food security. The study adopted the survey research design where all the Ministries of Agriculture were selected and questionnaire administered to them. Analyses of the collated responses were through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and ANOVA using the IBM SPSS 26. Based on the test results that emanated from this study, the study concluded that the Ministries of Agriculture in the North Central Zone were not involved in the planning and implementation of the 2014 NSS. The study recommended that the involvement of relevant stakeholders at both the federal and state levelswill be very beneficial and in line with modern trends of collective participation.

Stakeholders of Cardiovascular Innovation Ecosystems in Germany

This paper aims to provide a first attempt towards analysis innovation ecosystems for cardiovascular pathologies in Germany through the use of a stakeholder model. We present essential stakeholders for the development and deployment of innovations in the field of cardiovascular research and medicine, and the primary functions they fulfill in the context of these innovation ecosystems. The adopted approach consists of the implementation of a multilevel system model for analyzing stakeholders in this particular field. Data acquisition transpired through systematic literature review of multiple articles and studies. Data analysis phases were executed until reaching a point at which the considerable amount of data was discovered, ensuring consistency across various sources. We demonstrate that innovation ecosystems in cardiovascular medicine involve interconnected networks of stakeholders across different fields. Moreover, through an investigation of innovation ecosystems of cardiovascular pathologies particularly in Germany, we present the functions undertaken by each stakeholder, which are essential for the participation in the innovation ecosystems. The findings presented in this paper hold the potential to bring better understanding of cardiovascular pathology innovation ecosystems in Germany. This assertion is substantiated through a comprehensive examination of relevant scientific literature.

Digital Lifestyle: A New Portrait of Post-Pandemic Society’s Behavior (Discourse Towards Society 5.0 on Bali Island)

This research departs from scientific studies on urban communities that experienced changes in behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research is to find a new portrait discourse of post-pandemic community behavior on the island of Bali. The method in this study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, observation, and literature studies, which are and analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The locations chosen in this study were four cities or districts in Bali Province, namely Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, and Tabanan. Atotal of 30 informants were selected based on gender classification and categorization of productive age who often use information technology (productive adolescents, productive adults, and productive parents). Based on field studies, the results found that there is a new lifestyle in the post-COVID-19 pandemic community. Starting with the behavioral adjustments that occurred during the pandemic, where all activities began to use technology, and finally, the behavior created from technology-use activities became a digital lifestyle portrait. In this finding, this digital lifestyle is categorized into 5 categories, including new habits to meet lifestyles in the e-commerce space, implementing a cashless society, communicating, and socializing digitally, utilizing online food delivery, and using video conferencing platforms in every activity, both in the family environment, relationships, and work. The results of this study can be a recommendation for knowledge, model, or policy for stakeholders or other related parties related to the behavior of Society 5.0 in the future.

A cascading model of stakeholder engagement for large-scale regional development using structured dialogical design

We present a large-scale systemic intervention conducted in the wine village communities of Cyprus. The scientific aim of this paper is to contribute to expanding community operational research's purpose, scope, and tools by reflecting on a cascading engagement model of stakeholders toward regional development in Cyprus. An ad-hoc committee comprising three representatives of the Department of Town Planning and Housing, three members of the Cyprus Academy of Public Administration, and a few external consultants came up initially with about a dozen stakeholders’ categories they considered “relevant.” Using a stepwise (cascading) expansion, they eventually engaged over 200 actors representing 26 stakeholder categories. The first 29 stakeholders identified 71 obstacles to developing the wine villages using Structured Democratic Dialogue (SDD). They clustered the obstacles into themes and formed working groups to address them. Each group identified and invited experts and additional stakeholders they considered relevant to form extended theme-specific groups. Each group conducted a SWOT analysis to deepen understanding and produced a thematic vision map using SDD. A holistic vision map was constructed through a final SDD process in which participants were the authors of the most influential factors from each thematic vision map. The approach adheres to the bottom-up, community-led method and falls within community operational research and citizen science. The cascading model offers a formula for multi-methodological intervention. The stepwise bottom-up identification and engagement of stakeholders empowers and engages authentically, especially those marginalised. The expansion in numbers and the effective engagement of stakeholders creates the required momentum for societal change. We discuss the model's broader applicability, frame it within third-phase science, and suggest future directions.

From compliance to security, responsibility beyond law

In this opinion piece, I advocate for the adoption of a care-based stakeholder approach in cybersecurity for companies. With the ever-increasing digitization of all aspects of life, companies are struggling to keep themselves and their customers secure. This is, at least in part, due to their focus on compliance to standards and regulations, they fall victim to a checkbox-mentality where compliance instead of security is seen as the goal. This strong focus on compliance creates security blind-spots and the negative impact it has on security is strengthened by the “pacing problem” – where technology evolves faster than the law. Thus, leaving a gap where there is a lack of legislation and enforcement for new technologies. In this opinion piece I argue that the responsibility for cybersecurity should be shared by governments and companies. To give companies the tools they need for ethical decision-making and thus truly take responsibility, I suggest combining the ethics of care with stakeholder theory to provide a context-based relational view of companies. With this caring stakeholder model, companies have the tools they need to transition from compliance to security.

Assessing Model Requirements for Explainable AI: A Template and Exemplary Case Study.

In sociotechnical settings, human operators are increasingly assisted by decision support systems. By employing such systems, important properties of sociotechnical systems, such as self-adaptation and self-optimization, are expected to improve further. To be accepted by and engage efficiently with operators, decision support systems need to be able to provide explanations regarding the reasoning behind specific decisions. In this article, we propose the use of learning classifier systems (LCSs), a family of rule-based machine learning methods, to facilitate and highlight techniques to improve transparent decision-making. Furthermore, we present a novel approach to assessing application-specific explainability needs for the design of LCS models. For this, we propose an application-independent template of seven questions. We demonstrate the approach's use in an interview-based case study for a manufacturing scenario. We find that the answers received do yield useful insights for a well-designed LCS model and requirements for stakeholders to engage actively with an intelligent agent.

The socioeconomic impact of in-silico models for implantable medical devices: a conceptual framework

Abstract The use of in-silico technologies for implantable medical devices has gained importance in the last decade. From a medical perspective, the term ‘in-silico’ mainly refers to computer simulations of clinical trials based on virtual cohorts. So far, there is a lack of a concept how the impact of in-silico models on socioeconomic factors can be evaluated. As part of the EU-funded project SIMCOR, one objective was to conceptualize the impact of in-silico on implantable medical devices. We applied an iterative process described in Jabareen (2009) to build a conceptual framework based on concepts from a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews from academia, companies, and regulatory bodies. Repeated steps of literature work, exploratory interviews and discussion sessions among the research team led to the final framework that was validated by feedback from experts at the end. The conceptual framework describes the impact from in-silico technologies along the product development cycle of implantable medical devices through impact channels up to socio-economic endpoints referring to firm, market, health system and society. Since the whole conceptual framework has multiple complex impact channels that create a kind of network, each impact channel is explained with its ramifications. One channel reveals that underrepresented patient groups in clinical trials might benefit from in-silico models by enabling to model rarer anatomical configurations and leading to medical device development for a broader range of population. The conceptual framework provides the basis for the quantification of the impacts of in-silico models that is expected to increase the acceptance of these models among different stakeholders. The potential benefits as well as disadvantages can be better estimated and classified from different perspectives. The use of in-silico models is expected to enable access to implantable devices faster and to a larger population group. Key messages • The framework reveals opportunities of in-silico models for different stakeholders, e.g., entrepreneurs, regulators, that might lead to an increased development, use and acceptance of such models. • The framework indicates that in-silico models are expected to accelerate implantable medical device development, increase patient safety, and gain faster access for larger population groups.

Developing a structural model of stakeholders’ behavior toward BIM adoption in construction enterprises

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been recognized as a potential technology for revolutionizing the design, construction and operational management of projects. Its success depends on the functions and quality of BIM, as well as the needs, behaviors, and attitudes of users. The process of innovation adoption is presented as a series of phases, from initiation to the decision to adopt and the implementation of the innovation. This study develops a comprehensive model based on the innovation adoption process to describe the relationships between the enabling factors and technology use behaviors that address fundamental problems in adopting BIM in construction companies. The proposed model is then evaluated using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that there are the interrelationships between the enabling factors. It is also found that economic viability positively affects behavioral intention to use BIM, while economic viability, company business vision, and intention to use BIM positively influence BIM usage behavior. The study findings can be used for organizations in building strategies to improve user readiness and satisfaction, ultimately increasing BIM usage in the future. This research provides a scientific foundation for construction companies to enhance workplace efficiency and promote project commercialization.

Stakeholder Model for Standard Operating Procedure of Radiation Safety Practice in Radiopharmaceutical Therapy

Using Xofigo procedure as an example of radiopharmaceutical therapy, to provide a quantitative analysis methodology for standard operating procedure development with binary stakeholder model. A Xofigo procedure was selected for this study. After nurse places the intravenous (IV) pole and start delivery of the saline liquid into the patients for required temporal period, calibrated Xofigo syringe will be transported into the treatment room by medical physicist and authorized radiation oncologist starts injecting the Xofigo liquid into the patient through the 3-way stopcock. During this process, the status of liquid path is from the syringe with Xofigo liquid to patient, and the saline liquid tube is shutoff. After about 1 minutes of injection, which most of the Xofigo radioactive liquid is injected into patient side, the 3-way stopcock will shut off the connection between the patient and syringe. The saline liquid then is abstracted into in the syringe from the saline bag hung on the IV pole, the liquid amount will be used for diluting the residual Xofigo liquid inside the syringe. Then the 3-way stopcock switch is switched off the connection between the saline bag and the syringe, and syringe is connected to the patient side again, then the saline liquid inside the syringe is injected into patient, and this process dilutes the residual Xofigo radioactive liquid at the inside surface of the syringe and the path to the patient. This dilution process could repeat a few times, depends on the estimation of residual amount. Then the syringe will be unscrewed from the 3-way stopcock by opening the path from the saline bag to the patient. At this moment, the saline is switched off from outside by cutting the tube with a scissor or unscrewed from the 3-way stopcock. A binary stakeholder quantitative model was used to evaluate the last step with a computational simulation program the tube cut-off process. Based on the numerical results from the simulation program, at the best situation, if the residual isotope liquid had been diluted completely, the radiative dose to both procedures would not be different, and the only difference is the tool used and workload dispatch to both medical physicist and radiation oncologist. And at the worst scenario, there were some radioactive residuals had gone into the IV-saline tube, then the radioactive contamination could be in the scissor, both side of cut off tube, and potential contacting point will increase to two stakeholders, one more tool(scissor), which could be treated as a stakeholder. The optimization principle could be simplified as to decrease the contacting point and contacting stakeholders by a computational simulation of a stakeholder model for a Xofigo radiopharmaceutical procedure. The analysis methodology could expand to all the steps in radiopharmaceutical therapy in developing a standard operating procedure and other complex radiation safety practice simulation system.

Developing an Integrated Rural Tourism Model for Stakeholders in Yuanjia Village, China

This research aims to propose an Integrated Rural Tourism (IRT) development model for stakeholders in Yuanjia village, China. Although IRT has been widely discussed, research rarely details effective approaches to developing IRT. Therefore, this study utilizes Yuanjia village as a research site to develop an IRT model, conducting a mixed methods approach. The research firstly explores well-designed CSR initiatives for tourism enterprises to promote IRT. Additionally, as successful IRT development requires stakeholders to develop shared institutional logic to take collaborative actions, the research explores the institutional logic guiding the behaviors of stakeholders in China’s rural tourism and further examines its relationship with IRT development. The findings show that stakeholders can promote IRT through implementing the proposed CSR initiatives and developing the identified institutional logic. Theoretically, this study contributes to the localization of the IRT concept in the context of China in accordance with its unique institutional features. Practically, the proposed model provides stakeholders with effective guidance to develop IRT successfully.

A review of the ICA model of stakeholders in a spatial data infrastructure (SDI)

Abstract. The Commission on SDI & Standards (and its predecessors) of the International Cartographic Association (ICA) has developed formal models of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), using the viewpoints of the Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The Commission described an SDI from the Enterprise Viewpoint (purpose, scope and policies for an SDI), Information Viewpoint (semantics of information and information processing in an SDI) and Computational Viewpoint (functional decomposition of the SDI into a set of services that interact through interfaces). The Enterprise Viewpoint model included six types of stakeholders in an SDI: Policy Maker, Producer, Provider, Broker, Value-added Reseller and End User. Subsequently, the Commission identified 39 sub-types of these stakeholders, though a better description of them might be as specializations, special cases, attributes, activities or roles.We have identified and reviewed all the literature that has referenced the Commission’s papers on the SDI models. Most use the Commission’s papers for the definitions of an SDI and of the parts, processes and stakeholders in an SDI. In this paper, we discuss all those that have applied the ICA SDI stakeholder model, proposed improvements to the model and/or highlighted parts of the model that are not well understood. We also discuss some issues we identified when reviewing the models. Subsequently, we plan on proposing some revisions and expansions on this ICA model of the stakeholders in a spatial data infrastructure.

Corporate Governance Beyond the Shareholder and Stakeholder Model

Corporate Governance Beyond the Shareholder and Stakeholder Model

Empowering Muhammadiyah and Aisyiyah Members: Initiation Household Waste Management in Jamus Kauman

Household waste management is a crucial issue that affects environmental quality and public health. Eco-enzyme, composting and maggot farming are innovative and sustainable methods to transform organic waste into valuable products. This community service activity aimed to empower Muhammadiyah and Aisyiyah members in Jamus Kauman, Kecamatan Ngluwar, Kabupaten Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia, and to adopt these methods in their daily lives. The activity was conducted in collaboration with the local environmental agency and NGOs concerned with waste management and involved 30 participants, mostly women and youth, from the village. The participants received training on the principles and techniques of making eco-enzyme, composting and maggot farming, as well as field visits to successful examples of organic waste management. The participants demonstrated high enthusiasm and interest in learning the skills and knowledge and expressed their commitment to apply them in their own households. The activity also contributed for reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills, producing organic fertilizers and animal feed, and enhancing the income and livelihood of the participants. Male trainees were more interested in maggot farming compared to eco enzyme production and composting, as it was more economically beneficial. The activity served as a model and inspiration for other communities and stakeholders to adopt similar practices and promote environmental sustainability.

Character Education Through Islamic Behavior Improvement (IBI) Among the Tourism Community in West Sumatra

The development of halal tourism in West Sumatra is not proportional, due to a lack of service to tourists and the prevalence of negative social behaviors such as fraud, coercion, deception, and violence within the Minang society, often known as the 4P (Pakuak, Palak, Pakang, and Preman) behavior. This research aims to identify and educate on social behaviors of fraud, coercion, deception, and violence (Pakuak, Palak, Pakang, and Preman) that hinder the development of halal tourism in West Sumatra. The research findings indicate that first, the potential of halal tourism in West Sumatra, seen from religious, socio-cultural, natural potential, and stakeholder perspectives, strongly supports the development of halal tourism. Second, behaviors inhibiting the development of tourism communities, the 4P (Pakuak, Palak, Pakang, and Preman), are still prevalent amidst tourism activities in West Sumatra. Third, the Islamic Behavior Improvement (IBI) Tourism Model for tourism communities, tourists, and halal tourism stakeholders in West Sumatra, based on development results, has been tested for product validity. The validity level of the Islamic Behavior Improvement (IBI) Tourism Model book in terms of linguistic aspects, graphic design, and content feasibility is categorized as valid

Stakeholders Mapping in Election Management in West Nusa Tenggara Province

Purpose: This study aims to analyze stakeholder mapping as a model for strengthening the role of stakeholders in election management. This model explores the success of election management using a collaborative approach between election management bodies, namely the General Election Commission, the Election Supervisory Body, and election stakeholders. Method: The object of study is limited to the 2019 elections in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The findings of the research show that the stakeholders collaborating in election management are mapped using the hepta-helix model, namely the collaboration model of seven stakeholders: (1) the election management body; (2) the government; (3) the business world; (4) NGOs; (5) mass media; (6) universities; and (7) political parties. Results and Conclusions: This finding proves that election management has implemented the concept of collaborative governance. Nonetheless, collaborative governance in election management does not place all collaborative actors in decision-making. Specifically for the decision-making stage, this is the function of the election management body, while other actors function as a support system in the management of election management. The weakness of collaborative election management practices is that the categories and functions of each actor as a stakeholder have not been mapped. Research implications: This study recommends that the application of the collaborative governance model in election management should be preceded by the preparation of stakeholder mapping into the main, key, and secondary stakeholder categories with their respective functional roles. Originality/value: The findings of stakeholder mapping in election management emphasize that the application of the concept of collaborative governance from Anssel and Gash which is well established in the science of public administration will only be successful if it is supported by stakeholder mapping initiated by Grimble and Wellard, as well as the election stakeholder model initiated by Allen Wall.

Stakeholders vs Shareholders: The Clash of Corporate Governance Models in Japan’s Fujitec Ltd. and Oasis Management Showdown

While UK/US firms, in response to efforts to become more sustainable and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, increasingly have been adopting a stakeholder model of corporate governance, the shareholder model that has dominated governance for the past several decades still exerts a great deal of influence over how UK/US firms behave. By contrast, Japan’s traditional model, emphasising community and long-term stability, lacks transparency. Recently, Japanese firms have begun aligning with UK/US governance, but this paper suggests the emergence of diverse sub-models, combining both models’ elements, will define the future. The case of Fujitec Ltd. and Oasis Management offers valuable insights for managers, policymakers, and practitioners to navigate international corporate governance complexities, support informed decision-making, and encourage effective stakeholder engagement.

Multiple stakeholders’ perspectives of marine social ecological systems, a case study on the Barents Sea

The Barents Sea ecosystem components and services are under pressure from climate change and other anthropogenic impacts. Following an Ecosystem-based management approach, multiple simultaneous pressures are addressed by using integrative strategies, but regular prioritization of key issues is needed. Identification of such priorities is typically done in a ‘scoping’ phase, where the characterization of the social-ecological system is defined and discussed. We performed a scoping exercise using an open and flexible multi-stakeholder approach to build conceptual models of the Barents Sea social-ecological system. After standardizing vocabulary, a complex hierarchical model structure containing 155 elements was condensed to a simpler model structure containing a maximum of 36 elements. To capture a common understanding across stakeholder groups, inputs from the individual group models were compiled into a collective model. Stakeholders' representation of the Barents Sea social-ecological system is complex and often group specific, emphasizing the need to include social scientific methods to ensure the identification and inclusion of key stakeholders in the process. Any summary or simplification of the stakeholders' representation neglects important information. Some commonalities are highlighted in the collective model, and additional information from the hierarchical model is provided by multicriteria analysis. The collective conceptual stakeholder model provides input to an integrated overview and strengthens prioritization in Ecosystem-based management by supporting the development of qualitative network models. Such models allow for exploration of perturbations and can inform cross-sectoral management trade-offs and priorities.

BRIDGING DIGITAL AND ANALOG DOCUMENTATION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF ANCIENT PUEBLOAN SITES

Abstract. The Four Corners region, where Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet, is the location of one of the most significant archaeological sites in the United States, the Lowry Pueblo in the Canyon of the Ancients National Monument. This case study examines two aspects of the documentation process for the Lowry Pueblo. First, a collaborative model of multiple stakeholders dedicated to an integrated digital and analog documentation approach. Second, the method for determining how digital and analog techniques were used from site preparation to the final submittal of Historic Architectural Building Survey (HABS) drawings to the Library of Congress. This integrated documentation approach used for the Lowry Pueblo is part of a strategy informed by predicted future human impacts on these rare ancient resources and fulfilling a unique tribal request for minimally impactful management. The approach allows natural erosional processes to continue unabated at less visited remote “backcountry” cultural sites, and for proactive stabilization to occur at heavily visited publicly accessible "front country" areas. The combined documentation methods used allowed for creation of highly detailed models, digital applications, and nuanced, aesthetic HABS drawings of the stunning 1,000-year-old cultural resources. The outcomes contribute to informed decision making for future analysis, stabilization assessment, resource interpretation, archiving, and the dissemination of information for public benefit, while deepening an understanding of the history and people that inhabited the land.