Ukrainian Model Research Articles

Створення інформаційно-моделюючої системи аналізу процесів ціноутворення на ринку електричної енергії

The issues of creating an integrated information system for process analyzing the functioning of the competitive electricity market in the new conditions of complex relationships and potential risks after the introduction of a liberalized market model in Ukraine are considered. The peculiarities of its functioning are determined, which require new computer simulation tools that provide market participants with the opportunity to formulate and accept strategies for their own behavior in different segments of the competitive market. The existing solutions and researches in the field of creation of modern software tools for the modeling, forecasting and optimization of functioning of the energy markets in the world are analyzed. The direction of development of such means is determined and the structural-functional structure of the organizational management system is offered, which is presented by the functional components of preparation and decision-making process concerning the strategy of the market participant's own behavior in its segments. The interfaces of the main modules of the information modeling system for processes analysis of the competitive market, which becomes a component of the integrated system of organizational management of the electricity market, are given.

External differentiated integration between the European Union and Turkey: a ‘Ukraine Model’ for the Customs Union upgrade?

ABSTRACT The forthcoming Customs Union (CU) upgrade negotiations have the potential to stabilize and deepen the ties between the European Union (EU) and Turkey and bring them to a stronger form of external differentiated integration. This article examines the viability of an EU–Turkey Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA), similar to that between Ukraine and the EU, as an alternative to the CU. The paper contends that a DCFTA would benefit both the EU and Turkey while it would de facto shift the contractual relations from accession conditionality to market access conditionality with potential political repercussions.

Corporate Governance as a System of Social Interactions: Informational-Analytical and Financial Aspect

The issues of improving corporate governance as a social interactions system are a management task that is quite complex and urgent. The authors devoted their research to the problems of improving corporate governance as a system of social interactions. The authors studied legislative norms, analyzed the social essence of corporate governance, objective and subjective factors, gave a comparative description of the progressive global models of corporate governance, and the Ukrainian model. To formulate relevant proposals, the authors surveyed 174 respondents, to study whose interests, in their opinion, are primarily implemented in corporations. The generalization of the existing approaches of modern economic theory and practice to understanding and defining the essence of corporate governance made it possible to form a methodology of corporate governance as a system of social interactions, which was positively assessed by the respondents and which will strengthen trust in the company and contribute to the creation of value in the interests of shareholders, employees and other stakeholders, which will lead to an increase in its value of the company by increasing its competitiveness, efficiency and growth. However, in the study, possible obstacles arose, which will be studied in more detail in further investigations by the authors.

Active Repentance as an Incentivizing Tool of Criminal Law: Ukrainian Model

Active Repentance as an Incentivizing Tool of Criminal Law: Ukrainian Model

ФАКТОРИ ВПЛИВУ НА СТРАХОВУ ПОВЕДІНКУ ДОМОГОСПОДАРСТВ УКРАЇНИ

Анотація. Зважаючи на те, що в Україні комплексного дослідження основних елементів страхової поведінки домогосподарств практично немає, а страхова поведінка домогосподарств характеризується низькою страховою культурою, нерозумінням вигідності і необхідності страхування, особливої актуальності набуває визначення факторів, що впливають на її формування, і виявлення серед множини факторів тих, що впливають на страхову поведінку найбільше. Проведений огляд наукових праць дозволив зробити висновок, що трактування сутності страхової поведінки нечисленні і не враховують її заощаджувальний і споживчий характер. Тому було запропоновано визначати страхову поведінку як різновид фінансової поведінки домогосподарств, спрямований на забезпечення фінансового захисту домогосподарств за рахунок грошових фон­дів, що формуються шляхом сплати страхових платежів і доходів від розміщення коштів цих фондів. У ході проведеного дослідження також було запропоновано поділяти фактори впливу на страхову поведінку домогосподарств на екзогенні і ендогенні. Проведено аналіз динаміки рівня безробіття, середньої заробітної плати, мінімальної заробітної плати і мінімальної пенсії для виявлення ступеня впливу макроекономічних факторів на страхову поведінку домогосподарств. Обґрунтовано рівень впливу демографічних факторів, таких як вік і стать особи, на її страхову поведінку за допомогою аналізу динаміки і структури учасників недержавних пенсійних фондів. Дані проведеного дослідження дають підстави стверджувати, що найбільший вплив на формування страхової поведінки домогосподарства мають такі фактори, як політична і соціальна стабільність, стан ринку праці, рівень доходів домогосподарств, гарантії страхових виплат, фінансова грамотність і страхова культура, психологічний тип особистості, стихійні лиха, пандемії. Меншою мірою на страхову поведінку впливають такі чинники, як чутки, поради родичів або друзів, релігія. Усунути негаразди, що стримують формування активної страхової поведінки домогосподарств дозволить реформування моделі регулювання страхового ринку України. Ключові слова: страхова поведінка домогосподарств, екзогенні фактори, ендогенні фактори, страхова культура, гарантії страхових виплат. Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 2; бібл.: 23.

Strategic priorities for the formation of social responsibility of business

The social function of business is most effectively implemented through the mechanism and tools of the concept of corporate social responsibility (high quality standards, responsible manufacturing, employee care, social and progress reporting, law-abiding cooperation with the state, transparent business, refusal to produce harmful to health products, etc.). The purpose of the paper is a comprehensive analysis of theoretical-methodological principles of corporate social responsibility, the dominants of its formation and implementation in modern world models, as well as substantiation of strategic priorities of Ukrainian socially oriented model of corporate social responsibility in the national economy. The fundamental methodological basis of the study is a set of methods of scientific cognition, the principles of dialectical, structural-functional and empirical approaches. It is argued that the Ukrainian model of corporate social responsibility is in its infancy. The specifics of the Ukrainian model of corporate social responsibility include the lack of basic principles of responsible behavior of enterprises throughout the country, weak motivation for such practices, lack of state support for the formation of the institutional environment of corporate social responsibility, significant corruption barriers. It will be effective to implement the model of corporate social responsibility within a socially oriented model, in which public institutions and the state play a key role, under conditions of minimizing the level of corruption and strict adherence to socially oriented strategic priorities of the country development on the basis of systematic monitoring, analysis and practical measures for qualitative improvement of macroeconomic indicators of the economy. Priority areas for effective formation of the national model of social responsibility of Ukrainian business have been identified.

The formation of open economies in post-communist countries: historical experience of Ukraine

The main purpose of the article is to identify the place of the Ukrainian economy in the global trading system as a result of post-communist transitions. It is historical and economic research of the specificity of Ukraine’s open economic model, formed in the early period of the country’s independence. Formation conditions of the exogenous model of Ukraine’s economic development in the 1990s – early 2000s are disclosed. It is analysed the political, economic, social and other factors of the country’s increased integration into the global trade space. An assessment of the impact of the high level of functional openness of Ukraine’s economy on the expansion of its foreign economic interaction is carried out. It is revealed that the high level of exogenization of the national economy caused superfluous consequences for the development of the country’s competitive advantages and strengthening of its role on the world markets. The article reveals the peculiarities of Ukraine's institutional openness development, which required trade liberalization. It is analysed the process of transformation of national customs and tariff regulation in terms of reduction of trade barriers, which became one of the factors of Ukraine’s accession to the World Trade Organization.

Теоретико-методологічне забезпечення економічного розвитку аграрного сектору та сільських територій

The purpose of the article is generalization of the research results of scientists of the National Research Center "Institute of Agrarian Economy" to improve the theoretical foundations of economic development of the agricultural sector and rural areas, as well as the development of economic foundations for the formation of agricultural policy in Ukraine. Research methods. In the process of research, depending on the goals and objectives, a number of general scientific and special methods were used, in particular: theoretical generalization - to substantiate the theoretical and methodological provisions of the economic development of the agricultural sector and rural areas; a complex of general logical methods - as the main methodological toolkit for scientific research; monographic - when defining the essence and implementing a methodological assessment of organizational and economic conditions and the logic of development trends in certain areas of the agricultural sector and rural areas; analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison - in the study and generalization of modern experience and identification of promising priorities for improving the theoretical and methodological support for the economic development of the agricultural sector and rural areas in Ukraine. Research results. A scientifically substantiated analysis of the research results of the National Research Center "Institute of Agrarian Economics" for 2016-2020 with the systematization of developments that form the methodological basis for the implementation of a promising nationally identical model of economic development of the agricultural sector and rural areas, taking into account the priorities of achieving competitiveness and sustainability. Scientific novelty. Fundamentally new foundations and scientific and methodological approaches in priority areas and substantiation of mechanisms for ensuring effective economic development of the agricultural sector of the economy and rural areas in the context of expanding self-government, decentralization of public administration and development of entrepreneurship have been developed. In particular, the theoretical and methodological foundations of substantiating an innovative model for the development of rural areas and the agricultural sector of the economy have been improved; new approaches to increasing the competitive advantages of domestic agri-food products on world markets in the context of global challenges and international integration of Ukraine, proposed a Ukrainian model of agricultural land turnover, a conceptual vision of the development of family farms. Practical significance. The research results are aimed at creating favorable institutional conditions for conducting economic and entrepreneurial activities in rural areas (regulatory and competitive policy of food security, liberalization of access to product markets and production factors) and ensuring the development of the social component of the formation of state policy in the development of rural areas; strengthening of various forms of integration relations of economic entities in rural areas and their adaptation to the requirements of European agrarian and business law; improving property relations, optimizing property relations and increasing the competitiveness of entrepreneurial structures; ensuring the formation of a system of market turnover of agricultural land and its infrastructure; strengthening the income base of the budgets of rural communities. The developed recommendations will help to build up export potential and increase budget revenues, increase the level of consumption of the population, form an economic mechanism for greening agricultural lands; elimination of problem institutions that restrain the increase in the competitiveness of the agrarian sector of the economy and the development of agrarian entrepreneurship; introduction of a scientifically grounded model of fiscal regulation of the development of the agrarian sector of the economy, which will have a positive effect on the well-being of rural residents and provide a resource base for solving social problems. Refs.: 29.

Methodological foundations of legal education reform in Ukraine: Scientific paradigm and modern context

The study investigates the current state and defines the methodological foundations for improving the practical training of lawyers in the context of reforming legal education by establishing the features of legal regulation of legal education and its role in the state system, identifying the main problems of modern legal education, as well as analysing foreign experience in practical training of specialists in the field of law. The study uses general scientific and special legal methods of scientific cognition, including comparative legal, philosophical and functional methods, dialectical and formal legal methods of cognition, method of analysis and synthesis. The paper established that the professional training of future specialists in the field of law is currently described by a disparity between the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of law graduates, which complicates their adaptation to practical work. The authors of this study proved that the reform of the legal training system through increasing its practical orientation, determining the state needs of legal personnel of various educational levels, internationalisation of higher education, introduction of new specialisations in accordance with the needs of various spheres of legal practice, should become the basis for the development of legal education in Ukraine. Attention was focused on the need to optimise the system of training legal personnel mainly through the introduction of new teaching methods, the approval of new educational standards, considering the corresponding progressive foreign experience in this field, provided that the accumulated experience, traditions, and principles of Ukrainian higher legal education are preserved, thereby ensuring the development of future specialists with stable practical skills of law enforcement activities. It was found that in the context of the reform of legal education, it is important to establish such requirements for the educational process that would ensure that students master not only a minimum amount of knowledge, but also practical skills because practical training of students is a mandatory component of the educational and professional programme for obtaining an educational degree. In particular, it is necessary to reorient the content and orientation of educational works of applicants for legal education, which should be focused not only on repeating or reproducing theoretical material, but also on solving specially developed practical situations. The issue of increasing the duration of internships and effective cooperation between educational institutions and employers is also important. Improving the effectiveness of training specialists in the field of law through a proportional ratio of theoretical and practical content of the educational process in legal specialities is aimed at modernising the higher legal education model in Ukraine

Problems of transformation of the provisions of the «national economic strategy 2030» into the regulatory framework of the electronic court of Ukraine

Problem setting. The adoption in Ukraine of the “National Economic Strategy for the period up to 2030” (hereinafter – the “Strategy - 2030”) encourages a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of previous programs and sectoral “strategies” and “concepts” completed in 2020 and the development of ways to implement certain sections of the strategic course of economic development of the state, in particular their transformation into judicial legislation. The approach of the authors-developers of the “Strategy - 2030” and the selection as one of the key areas of “rule of law” with the goal of “ensuring fair justice in Ukraine based on the rule of law, protection of human rights and freedoms, individuals and legal entities “is commendable”, while emphasizing the problem of “ low level of trust in the judiciary”; “Imperfection of electronic services in the activities of courts” and “only partial introduction of electronic justice”. That is why the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development intends to launch a project in Ukraine in 2021 to establish online courts. The implementation of such an innovative program creates the preconditions for the reality of the announced state course on the “court in a smartphone” and stimulates urgent measures to develop a regulatory framework for the implementation of grand strategic plans. The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between innovation processes in the economy with the introduction of the Ukrainian model of e-court and find ways to digitize access to justice while developing proposals for ways to transform the provisions of “Strategy - 2030” into specific bills due to the introduction of modern information technologies. Analysis of resent researches and publications shows that until 2021, researchers of innovation and ways to improve economic development did not link these processes with the state of the rule of law, not to mention the relationship with the introduction of electronic justice . The works of V. Bilous, O. Bryntsev, I. Bogolyubsky, O. Golovchenko, N. Golubeva, I. Izarova, A. Kalamaiko, N. Kushakova - Kostytska, N. Loginova and others are devoted to the issue of introduction of modern information and communication technologies in the Ukrainian judiciary with analyzes of certain aspects of digitalization of courts of Ukraine. Article’s main body. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the practice of adopting various sectoral strategies and concepts, the need for proper regulation of procedures for the development and adoption of program documents is emphasized. At the same time, the previously expressed proposal supported the strategy of socio-economic development of the country to understand the formed for the long term certain areas of economic and legal development of the country. Building a sustainable e-government system in the country is the key to the simultaneous development of e-court as one of the key components of the overall digitalization of society. Among the main problems is the absolute unpreparedness of the existing legal framework for the introduction of artificial intelligence in court proceedings and the emphasis on the validity of legislative adjustments to the e-court system in Ukraine. Conclusions. In essence, they are reduced to organizational proposals for the formation of a research unit in the Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, which would study artificial intelligence in the judiciary and develop programs of information technology support of e-court in Ukraine and specialized programs for digitization of judicial activity. At the same time, the need to complete the formation of the structure of courts and judicial jurisdictions has been further substantiated by developing amendments to the procedural legislation regarding the national model of judicial precedent.

Інституційно-організаційне забезпечення імплементації моделі смарт-спеціалізації в Україні

The problem of formation at the national level of sustainable institutional and organizational support for the implementation of the model of smart specialization on the basis of the rule of law and the implementation of modern European tools is considered. The methodological features of the smart specialization policy in the EU and the practice of its implementation as a basis for the formation of institutional and organizational support for the implementation of such a model in Ukraine are highlighted. The problems and contradictions of the modern mechanism of smart specialization, formed at the secondary level, are revealed. The threat of departure of modern legal regulation of strategic planning of regional development from the European methodology of smart specialization, real risks of monosectoral implementation of smart specialization in the framework of sustainable industrial development and further stagnation of the process of innovative transformation of economic sectors at different administrative levels. Taking into account the need to eliminate the existing significant shortcomings in the institutional and organizational support for the implementation of the smart specialization model, it is proposed to amend a number of laws of Ukraine, which lay the foundation for legally sound and structural legislation functioning at different administrative-territorial levels.

Сировинна орієнтація аграрного сектору та її соціально-економічні наслідки для України

The purpose of the articles is to determine the socio-economic consequences of the raw material orientation of the agricultural sector of the domestic economy and to outline the priority areas of regulatory nature aimed at mitigating risks in the field of employment and the labor market in rural areas. Research methods. The research was based on general scientific and economic methods, the work of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on foreign trade, regulations, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, electronic resources and other sources. Monographic and systematic approaches are used to analyze the structure of foreign trade in agri-food products. The principle of systems thinking helped to clarify the socio-economic consequences in the field of employment, labor market and rural migration. A number of techniques of abstract-logical tools made it possible to formulate intermediate final conclusions and determine conceptual ways of solving the problems raised. Research results. Considered from critical positions the commodity structure of Ukraine's foreign trade by groups 1-24 UCG FEA for 2000-2020. It was found that the main factors for increasing the export of raw materials were: liberalization of foreign trade relations, the termination of cooperative ties between agricultural production and processing enterprises and the creation of protectionist conditions for investment in agriculture. This was successfully used by the owners of speculative, financial, shadow, including foreign capital in the form of agricultural holdings with offshore jurisdictions. Thanks to the favorable situation in the global commodity markets, these organizations have significantly increased the production and export of grain crops, seeds and fruits of oilseeds and sunflower oil over two decades. During the same period, the export of finished food products has been reduced. If in 2000. The negative trade balance of the mentioned subgroup of goods amounted to 65 million, then according to the results of 2020 it increased to 392.2 million US dollars, or more than 6 times. Structural imbalances have led to the formation of a rental economic model in Ukraine, which has limited potential for further growth in added value. Ultimately, this negatively affects the well-being of households, social and labor relations, which have become especially aggravated in the field of employment, the labor market and population migration. In 2020, there were 1,783 thousand informally employed in rural areas, which amounted to 44.7% of the total in the economy and 36.2% of the total rural population aged 15-70. This is almost 4 times more than all employees in agriculture. Among the priority measures it is proposed: to revise the regulatory policy in the field of foreign trade in raw materials of this subgroup of goods; promoting the export of end-use products; stimulation of vertical and horizontal integration of agricultural producers, processors of raw materials and trade on mutually beneficial terms; creation of territorial production clusters; reanimation of all types of cooperation in rural areas from the standpoint of reducing risks to the balanced development of the agricultural sector and the country's economy. Scientific novelty. A comprehensive vision of the negative socio-economic consequences of the dominance of an archaic model of the economy, which in the conditions of a market turnover of rights to land plots, can become aggravated, has received further development. In contrast to the existing raw material exploitation of the agrarian sector and the rural population, the increase in the export of final consumption goods will contribute to the well-being of households and balanced rural development. Practical significance. Positioning the agricultural and food sector of Ukraine as a world leader in the export of end-use goods will contribute to solving the socio-economic problems of the rural population and balanced rural development. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 26.

Королівство Данія: досвід ринкового обігу земель сільськогосподарського призначення

The purpose of the article is to reveal the experience of the functioning of the market circulation of agricultural land in Denmark, in order to further implement in Ukrainian practice, the positive and avoid negative aspects of this experience. Research methods. The study used an empirical method (comprehensive assessment of the modern model of market turnover of agricultural land in Denmark); generalization and systematization (construction of the concept and logical-structural model of economic turnover of lands); abstract-logical method (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). Research results. It was found that the tightly regulated market turnover of agricultural land in Denmark was changed to a more liberal one, with permission to buy land for foreigners, but this not only did not attract investment as expected, but on the contrary, led to even more negative and crisis phenomena in country. The main tools, mechanisms and conditions of land turnover in agriculture of this country are determined. Scientific novelty. The main purpose of regulating the market turnover of land in Danish agriculture has been established. The legal framework of Denmark for regulating the market circulation of agricultural land has been studied. The structural and logical scheme of market circulation of agricultural lands is formed. The provisions on the Ukrainian model of regulating the market turnover of agricultural lands were further developed, taking into account the experience of the studied country. Practical significance. The results of the study of the experience of the Kingdom of Denmark on the market turnover of land, in terms of granting non-residents access to the right to purchase agricultural land, is a clear practical answer and a caveat that should undoubtedly be taken into account in Ukraine. The application of the Danish experience should help to build an effective model of market turnover of agricultural land in our country. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 18.

Conditions for Successful Active Investment in Terms of the State and the Far-sighted Interests of the Business

For the macro characteristic of active investment, we introduced the concept of the technical productivity of investment. It characterizes an investment’s capacity to reduce the norm of material or labor costs.Based on the technical productivity of investment, we derived the equation (not identity) of economic dynamics.We have proposed measuring the efficiency of investments by added-value to reflect their effectiveness for the business owner’s far-sighted interests in minimizing the turnover of skilled workers. We have proposed to use the criteria in terms of the state – the maximum of the real GDP growth and the maximum of the sum of real GDP for the country as a whole.We defined the limits of an investment’s technical productivity, for which the investor receives the desired payback or effectiveness, and an economy in maximal development.For this, we used our causal simulation model of Ukraine’s economy dynamics, which, in contrast to the known models, reflects the main types of legal and shadow economic activities in their relationships.

Public governance and transformation Ukrainian model of civil society

The task of the reformers of the modern administrative system of Ukraine is to search for the optimal, harmonious balance of state participation in public affairs, with the creation of a set of mechanisms for interaction between the government and society that would not hinder, but contribute to the development of civil society. Such conditions should help the modern model to gradually transform into the Ukrainian model.The purpose of the article is to analyze the processes of development of civil society in Ukraine, formulate proposals and recommendations of theoretical and practical significance regarding its transformation into a Ukrainian model in the public administration system.It is proposed: to transform the existing “catching up” model into the Ukrainian model of civil society, going through three stages: I – identification of the consequences of the post-Soviet past; II – overcoming problematic phenomena, according to the proposed directions; III - according to the developed system of indicators (indicators), control the update process. A harmonious balance of the participation of state institutions in the affairs of society will protect civil society from unnecessary impact, but will create conditions for its development. The model focuses on the citizen (free individual), from whom the entire system of public administration is built; relations between civil society and power are based on the principles of individualism, not collectivism. The author summarizes: the formation of the Ukrainian model of civil society should take place taking into account the cultural-historical, national-ethnic and socio-economic characteristics of Ukraine's development. The focus of this model is the citizen, from whom the entire system of public administration is built. The model provides for a developed system of democratic institutions; legal protection of citizens; competition of institutions, structures, social groups of the population, etc.; recognition and provision of a wide range of human rights and freedoms; free formation of public opinion, pluralism; high level of civic culture and education of the population; diversified economy; specific and determining weight in the middle class society (40–70%); a developed system of self-government (thanks to the introduction of multi-level management) the predominance of social policy in the activities of the state (focusing efforts on increasing economic efficiency and general welfare).

Psychological First Aid for Military Personnel in Combat Operations: The Ukrainian Model

The aim of this present article is to discuss the Psychological First Aid (PFA) model designed for Ukrainian military personnel suffering from combat stress reactions (CSRs) in the War in Donbas. The PFA model and algorithm for casualties with signs of CSRs provide for simple measures aimed at ensuring the personal safety of the casualty, satisfying basic physiological needs, and stopping the action of combat stressors. The 3-level PFA model provides for the gradual transfer of the casualty to higher-level providers, as needed, where at the first level is his colleague (“peer-to-peer”), at the second, is his commander, at the third is a psychologist. The main activities carried out at all levels of PFA in the event of the occurrence of CSRs are disclosed. For their effective relief, an algorithm was developed that provides a clear relationship between the levels of PFA. Criteria for assessing PFA based on the results of the restoration of impaired mental functions of the casualty are proposed. The PFA model for military personnel suffering from combat stress was tested in practice (2016–2019) in combat operations with illegal armed groups in the East of Ukraine.

Between religious freedom and national security

The article deals with the OSCE Document "Freedom of Religion or Belief and Security. Policy Guidance"(2019) from the perspective of the status of freedom of conscience and belief, as well as the political and legal realities that prevailes in the Western countries (USA, Canada, EU member states), in Russian Federation, and in Ukraine. Author proves that attempts to balance issues of religious freedom and national security in Western countries after the 9/11 led to the establishment of a new security regime, primarily in the United States. Some essential changes designed for an effective response to current and future threats were introduced in national legal system by lawmakers in Germany, United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Italy. With all this going on, many policymakers and commentators called governments to use all necessary means to not allow terrorists and religious extremists to take advantage from what could be regarded as a vulnerability of Western democracies, namely their openness, liberal legislative regime, democratic procedures, sensitivity to human rights and human dignity. The author emphasizes that, despite some shortcomings that followed the shaping of the new security’s regime, it contains obvious components that are quite in the line with the 2019 OCSE Document’s fundamentals.
 Absolutely opposite, author argues, is the approach to the religious freedom and national security dichotomy in Russian Federation. The restrictions of the religious freedom in this country motivated by the interests of national security, are such brutal that destroy the main pillars of the international law in this realm and put Russia on a par with the most flagrant violators of religious freedoms all over the world.
 Finally, inspired by the Ukrainian model, author is proving that almost thirty years long experience in forming a model of state-church relations adequate to the spirit and letter of internationally recognized principals in the field of the freedom of conscience and belief can be productive even if the country faces enormous external and internal challenges and the balance between religious freedom and national security can be achieved even for a country at war.

Concepts of funding preparation of higher education applicants in the context of the state social security

The article analyzes the domestic and foreign experience of higher education fund-ing. The basic principles and mechanisms of public administration funding of higher edu-cation institutions are outlined. The main components of the recommended three-component model of funding in the framework of higher education reform are identified, as well as the conditions and positive consequences of implementation of this model in Ukraine.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DISCOUNTING RATE CHOICE IN FORENSIC ECONOMICS RESEARCH

The article summarizes the methodological approaches to the choice of discount rate. The purpose of the article is to substantiate methodological approaches to the selection of the discount rate concerning the examination related to the recognition of assets and liabilities requiring discounted valuations in the financial statements. The practical application of the discount rate methodology is explored. One of the most important models for estimating expected returns on securities portfolios, equity and the basis for setting risk premiums and discount rates is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). In spite of the fact that the mandatory use of the model in Ukraine is absent at legislative level, the correctness of its application is confirmed by long-term business practice worldwide. It has been determined, that in order to protect the position of legal experts in the preparation of opinions related to local risk-free rate for evaluation of the discount rate determination it is suggested to use global risk-free rate with the appropriate adjustments. The algorithm for calculating the discount rate on the model of capital assets cost, which is possible to apply in the current realities of Ukraine, is substantiated.

ЕКОНОМЕТРИКА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ТА ОБОРОНИ УКРАЇНИ

The article provides the importance of Ukraine's economic development to ensure national security, highlights the main internal and external threats to Ukraine's national security, such as: hybrid economic war, the "needle" of loans from the International Monetary Fund, communal tariffs, opening the gas market in Ukraine, inefficient introduction of the circulation of domestic agricultural lands and insufficient use of the capabilities of the country's economy. The cyclical nature of economic development is practically proved by distinguishing four phases of economic development of the studied countries for the last ten years, weak efficiency of economic policy of Ukraine and possible applied mechanisms of economic growth. An econometric analysis of GDP of Ukraine and countries that occupy the largest share in Ukrainian imports of goods, the budget of Ukraine and the budget of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine using the method of least squares and even linear regressions, calculated the intensity of changes in Ukraine's economic processes. The model of gross domestic product of Ukraine depending on the gross domestic product of China, Poland, Russia, Turkey, Germany, Italy, Belarus, the United States and France (nine-factor model), as well as the model of Ukraine's defense budget depending on the domestic gross domestic product product, budget expenditures, taxes, minimum and average wages and inflation (seven-factor model). On the example of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine as a public sector institution, the registration algorithm for economic (additional) activities by military units and the distribution of revenues to increase the special fund of the state budget of Ukraine and create recovery of the country economy in general.