Mobile Module Research Articles

A survey on energy efficiency intrabody communication techniques for wearable devices

Currently, wireless body area networks (WBANs) are developing rapidly. Miniature wearable devices which are light weight and low power consumption can be developed using modern technology. However, the WBANs research challenge is power consumption. This paper provides the two intrabody communication (IBC) methods review. The equivalent body channel models and modeling methods are analyzed. The conventional IBC WBANs architecture is reviewed and novel energy-efficient architecture and an IBC WBANs data transmission technique are proposed. The experiment was conducted in order to measure the BodyCom mobile module output power. The comparative analysis showed that the power consumption of the IBC proposed technique is 7 times lower than Bluetooth LE, and 14 times lower than ZigBee. The proposed technique can be applied in areas such as home and industrial automation, medical appliances, wearable devices, security, and internet of things.

Development of Simulated Educational Joint Mobilization Module Using Leap Motion Controller

Background: Joint mobilization is a complicated task in terms of learning as well as teaching and ischaracterized by great inter subject variability. With reference to the acquisition of skills such as jointmobilisation, only a few studies have investigated the effectiveness of the provision of real-time visualfeedback on a computer screen in terms of students’ ability to establish optimal force and demonstrateadequate performance. There is lack of training in theory and practical skills in mobilization given to thePhysiotherapy students. Thus, an effort has been made in to practice it virtually using Leap Motion Controller.Method: Total 138 participants will be recruited as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A briefexplanation about the study will be given. Participants will be given exposure to the software and modalitybeing used along with demonstration. Followed by, a questionnaire to evaluate the effective learning usingthe System Usability Scale.Conclusion: The results from the study will significantly provide efficacy of the simulative device andevidence on the use of LMC for learning joint mobilization using the System Usability Scale.

Wheelchair design with variable posture adjustment and obstacle-overcoming ability

To meet the needs of wheelchair users who wish to change their body posture to facilitate their life and move freely in complex environments, this study designs a wheelchair with functions of posture adjustment and overcoming obstacles. After analysis of these specific needs, the wheelchair structure is designed based on modular design principle to include a chair and mobile module. The chair module comprises back-posture adjustment and sliding mechanisms, and the mobile module comprises front, main, and auxiliary wheel-leg mechanism. In particular, the main and auxiliary wheel-leg mechanisms are the main structures for wheelchair movement. The different schemes are then compared and analyzed. On this basis, the kinematic models of each mechanism are established and the motion performance, including posture adjustment and ability to overcome obstacles, is analyzed in detail. Analysis of the mechanical properties provides a basis for the selection of driving components. The control system is designed, and the prototype of multifunctional wheelchair is developed. Experimental results show that the wheelchair can realize the adjustment of body posture and complete the process of moving up and down steps with good user stability. The wheelchair can considerably facilitate the movement of the disabled or the elderly.

Visible-Light-Activated Response Originating from Carrier-Mobility Modulation of NO2 Gas Sensors Based on MoS2 Monolayers.

Some gas sensors exhibit significant increases in their sensitivity and response/recovery rates under light illumination. This photoactivation of the gas response is considered a promising alternative to conventional thermal activation, which requires high power consumption. Thin layers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are known to exhibit an effective photoactivated gas response under visible light. However, the mechanism of the photoactivated response has not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we fabricated field-effect-transistor (FET) gas sensors based on MoS2 monolayers and investigated their photoactivated gas responses to NO2 gas under illumination at various irradiances of visible light. A photocurrent was generated mainly due to the photovoltaic effect, which decreased upon exposure to NO2. The conductance-based sensor response showed a dependence on NO2 concentration according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, thereby suggesting that the response is proportional to the surface coverage of NO2 molecules on the MoS2 layer. The response and recovery rates showed a linear increase with increasing irradiance. Analysis based on the Langmuir adsorption model revealed that both photostimulated adsorption and desorption are involved in the photoactivated response. In contrast, despite the strong dependence of the photocurrent on the irradiance, the magnitude of the sensor response was independent of the irradiance. Based on this result and the change in transfer characteristics of the FET during NO2 exposure, we concluded that the fast response/recovery of the photoactivated response is due to the carrier mobility modulation of MoS2, which is caused by the dipole scattering of adsorbed NO2 molecules.

An Optical Fiber Sensing Network Supporting Weak Optical Signal Detection and a Neural Network Method for Information Collection

The weak direct current (DC) signals detected and converted by the photodetector are output to the mobile phone by voltage/frequency switching, and the signals are processed by the mobile phone APP and audio conversion module. The photodetector is equipped with the automatic switching function to design an optical power meter and detect weak signals. Meanwhile, the optical cable identification system is analyzed and combined with the optical power meter to generate an optical fiber sensing network to improve the weak alternating current (AC) signal detection. This network needs data fusion in sensor nodes’ data collection. The cluster routing protocol is introduced and combined with the back propagation neural network (BPNN) to propose a method suitable for this photoelectric transmission and improve the information fusion and accuracy. In the experiment, the optical power meter is output in gears first, and the output waveforms are normal. The photodiode’s optical power is adjusted to obtain different frequencies on the oscilloscope. In the proposed optical fiber sensing network, weak AC signals are amplified significantly, and different optical fiber lines can be distinguished in the optical cables. The proposed information collection method can reduce network communication and node energy consumption.

Recovery of neodymium, dysprosium, and iron from spent mobile phone camera module magnets through a hydrometallurgical method

Neodymium (Nd), dysprosium (Dy), and iron (Fe) were recovered from spent mobile phone camera modules via leaching and a solvent extraction procedure. Nd, Dy, and Fe, together with other minor metal ions in the pretreated spent mobile phone camera modules, were dissolved using an HNO3 solution. The leaching parameters, such as concentration of lixivant, reaction temperature, pulp density, which possibly affect the dissolution efficiency of metal ions, were investigated. From the obtained leachate containing Nd, Dy, Fe, Ni, Co, and B, Nd and Dy, with a small amount of Fe, were extracted using 0.5 mol/L of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Selective stripping of Nd and Dy from the loaded TOPO was achieved using 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid. After removing Nd and Dy from the leachate, Fe was extracted using 1 mol/L of TOPO followed by stripping with oxalic acid. McCabe-Thiele diagrams for the extraction and stripping of Nd/Dy and Fe were constructed. The results were validated via counter-current simulation experiments using a real leachate solution. Finally, an integrated process for recovery of Nd, Dy, and Fe from the nitric acid leachate of spent mobile phone camera modules was proposed.

Система автоматичної стабілізації транспортного модуля реактивних систем залпового вогню

У статті розглядається запропонована конструктивно-компонувальна схема привода системи автоматичної стабілізації (САС) мобільного наземного транспортного модуля реактивних систем залпового вогню (РСЗВ) з гідравлічними опорами. В роботі розроблена структурна схема системи автоматичної стабілізації положення платформи РСЗВ в просторі на основі математичної моделі динаміки САC як об'єкту управління по одному каналу під дією зовнішнього збурення з урахуванням моделі реології ґрунту, як пружно-в'язко-пластичного середовища. САС на основі запропонованої моделі стабілізує положення транспортного модуля РСЗВ в просторі при підготовці до роботи і в процесі застосування при його динамічному навантаженні, а також скорочує час розгортання в бойове положення.

Why Don't Workers Fight for the ‘Robot Dividend’?

Since 2015, ‘workerless factories’ have surfaced in various industrial zones in China, capturing media attention. In one case, on the shop floor of a mobile phone module manufacturer, conveyor belts were staffed not by dispirited and sweating workers, but by robots executing repetitive pre-programmed tasks. China became the largest market for industrial robots in 2013. This wave of robotisation is largely triggered by the rising labour costs and growing labour activism. By 2019, 140,500 new robots were sold nationwide—a twofold increase from five years earlier. While media touted how industrial automation pushed Chinese economy to shift from leveraging its ‘labour divided’ to developing a ‘robot dividend’, labour scholars and activists began to wonder how workers could gain a fair share of the ‘robot dividend.’ Recent research has confirmed that in some firms that adopted robots, wage increases lagged far behind the growth of productivity, while in others, wages remained stagnant or were even slashed. It is obvious that the growing wave of labour insurgencies that spread China in the early 2010s was not extended to struggles over labour’s benefits in technological upgrading. Why? Industrial Automation’s Impact on Employment and Skills Even in firms less extreme than the ‘workerless factories’, the power of industrial automation to slash labour is very dramatic. My own research in four factories in a city in South China identifies a dramatic reduction in labour demand, ranging between 67 and 85 percent cut per production line. A recent study of 299 manufacturing firms that adopted technological upgrading in Guangdong Province showed each firm fired an average of ninety-six employees, accounting for 9.58 percent of the total workforce. On the shop floor, about 80 percent of positions could easily be replaced with machines1. However, so far, we have not witnessed a large number of the workers made redundant by technological upgrading being thrown on to the streets. There are several reasons. First, firms upgraded their equipment gradually rather than resorting to wholesale shifts to new automated lines. Such incremental arrangements gave companies time to adjust workers’ positions and limit new recruitment. Second, taking advantage of migrant workers’ high turnover rate and specific wage structure, most employers did not have to actively dismiss workers, but used other tactics—e.g. slashing overtime work hours--- to force workers to quit on their own initiative. Third, a few firms were able to absorb the surplus labour by expanding their production lines; however, that is contingent on the firm’s position in the value chain as well as its broader market status. The impact of automation on workers’ skills is equally controversial. Although technological upgrading has the potential of upgrading workers’ skills, the outcome is highly contingent. My research has discovered that skilled workers are often the main target for job replacement due to their high wages and enhanced bargaining power. Another research has revealed that women workers are offered much less in-house training than their male counterparts because most employers uphold an ideology of gender stereotyping that considers women to be ‘fearful of machines’ or deficient in logical thinking2. Considering that China’s past development path has hinged on labour-intensive production positioned in the low-end of global commodity chain, many manufacturers are either slow or reluctant to take up labour retraining. Among the eight manufacturers I studied, only one invested in training workers, and this was because the company engages in high-precision metalwork that requires substantial levels of skill in the production process. Mr Zhou, the owner of a firm that produces highend parts for optical-fibre communication equipment, chose to automate to achieve quality improvement, not just larger output. Building on his previous experience working in a state-owned enterprise, he set up an in-house apprenticeship program to train skilled workers. He stated: ‘Machinery is something everybody can buy, but a good production process needs to be designed. One component is hardware and the other is software.’ As a small and medium-sized enterprise, the case of Mr Zhou’s company is quite exceptional. Given the high turnover rate, very few employers in Dongguan are willing to invest in workers’ training. Workers’ Reactions to Technological Upgrading How have...

Design and Development of Real-time landslide early warning system through low cost soil and rainfall sensors

Development of cost effective early warning systems is of paramount importance for real time monitoring of natural hazards such as Landslides, Floods, Earthquake etc. The present research work discusses about the design and development of cost effective early warning system for monitoring shallow debri landslides. The warning system consist of field unit and remote network interface. The field system includes the rainfall, temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture and Tiltmeter as primary sensors for monitoring the landslide movements with an independent power supply of 50 W solar panel. The datasets that are received are stored in the local data logger with the help of microsd card. Real time monitoring of the datasets and analysis was made possible by storing the datasets in remote Database Management System. These datasets are transmitted via the Global System for Mobile communication module installed at the field unit. In order to convey the alerts during emergency time a simple visual message has been adopted for the current model. Level I, Level II and Level III, Level I being the threshold values are within the desired limit and actions are not necessary and Level III denotes threshold values have exceeded the set limit and warning are issued to local stake holders. A pilot study of the Early Warning System has been installed on site for quality checks of the sensor & data and the results were monitored. The model developed not only can address the early warning signs of mass movement but also can be calibrated to predict flood in major streams based on rainfall intensity.

Deep Learning Classification of Systemic Sclerosis Skin Using the MobileNetV2 Model.

Goal: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune, systemic disease with prominent fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Early diagnosis of the disease is crucial for designing effective therapy and management plans. Machine learning algorithms, especially deep learning, have been found to be greatly useful in biology, medicine, healthcare, and biomedical applications, in the areas of medical image processing and speech recognition. However, the need for a large training data set and the requirement for a graphics processing unit (GPU) have hindered the wide application of machine learning algorithms as a diagnostic tool in resource-constrained environments (e.g., clinics). Methods: In this paper, we propose a novel mobile deep learning network for the characterization of SSc skin. The proposed network architecture consists of the UNet, a dense connectivity convolutional neural network (CNN) with added classifier layers that when combined with limited training data, yields better image segmentation and more accurate classification, and a mobile training module. In addition, to improve the computational efficiency and diagnostic accuracy, the highly efficient training model called “MobileNetV2,” which is designed for mobile and embedded applications, was used to train the network. Results: The proposed network was implemented using a standard laptop (2.5 GHz Intel Core i7). After fine tuning, our results showed the proposed network reached 100% accuracy on the training image set, 96.8% accuracy on the validation image set, and 95.2% on the testing image set. The training time was less than 5 hours. We also analyzed the same normal vs SSc skin image sets using the CNN using the same laptop. The CNN reached 100% accuracy on the training image set, 87.7% accuracy on the validation image set, and 82.9% on the testing image set. Additionally, it took more than 14 hours to train the CNN architecture. We also utilized the MobileNetV2 model to analyze an additional dataset of images and classified them as normal, early (mid and moderate) SSc or late (severe) SSc skin images. The network reached 100% accuracy on the training image set, 97.2% on the validation set, and 94.8% on the testing image set. Using the same normal, early and late phase SSc skin images, the CNN reached 100% accuracy on the training image set, 87.7% accuracy on the validation image set, and 82.9% on the testing image set. These results indicated that the MobileNetV2 architecture is more accurate and efficient compared to the CNN to classify normal, early and late phase SSc skin images. Conclusions: Our preliminary study, intended to show the efficacy of the proposed network architecture, holds promise in the characterization of SSc. We believe that the proposed network architecture could easily be implemented in a clinical setting, providing a simple, inexpensive, and accurate screening tool for SSc.

Why Don't Workers Fight for the ‘Robot Dividend’?

Since 2015, ‘workerless factories’ have surfaced in various industrial zones in China, capturing media attention. In one case, on the shop floor of a mobile phone module manufacturer, conveyor belts were staffed not by dispirited and sweating workers, but by robots executing repetitive pre-programmed tasks. China became the largest market for industrial robots in 2013. This wave of robotisation is largely triggered by the rising labour costs and growing labour activism. By 2019, 140,500 new robots were sold nationwide—a twofold increase from five years earlier. While media touted how industrial automation pushed Chinese economy to shift from leveraging its ‘labour divided’ to developing a ‘robot dividend’, labour scholars and activists began to wonder how workers could gain a fair share of the ‘robot dividend.’ Recent research has confirmed that in some firms that adopted robots, wage increases lagged far behind the growth of productivity, while in others, wages remained stagnant or were even slashed. It is obvious that the growing wave of labour insurgencies that spread China in the early 2010s was not extended to struggles over labour’s benefits in technological upgrading. Why? Industrial Automation’s Impact on Employment and Skills Even in firms less extreme than the ‘workerless factories’, the power of industrial automation to slash labour is very dramatic. My own research in four factories in a city in South China identifies a dramatic reduction in labour demand, ranging between 67 and 85 percent cut per production line. A recent study of 299 manufacturing firms that adopted technological upgrading in Guangdong Province showed each firm fired an average of ninety-six employees, accounting for 9.58 percent of the total workforce. On the shop floor, about 80 percent of positions could easily be replaced with machines1. However, so far, we have not witnessed a large number of the workers made redundant by technological upgrading being thrown on to the streets. There are several reasons. First, firms upgraded their equipment gradually rather than resorting to wholesale shifts to new automated lines. Such incremental arrangements gave companies time to adjust workers’ positions and limit new recruitment. Second, taking advantage of migrant workers’ high turnover rate and specific wage structure, most employers did not have to actively dismiss workers, but used other tactics—e.g. slashing overtime work hours--- to force workers to quit on their own initiative. Third, a few firms were able to absorb the surplus labour by expanding their production lines; however, that is contingent on the firm’s position in the value chain as well as its broader market status. The impact of automation on workers’ skills is equally controversial. Although technological upgrading has the potential of upgrading workers’ skills, the outcome is highly contingent. My research has discovered that skilled workers are often the main target for job replacement due to their high wages and enhanced bargaining power. Another research has revealed that women workers are offered much less in-house training than their male counterparts because most employers uphold an ideology of gender stereotyping that considers women to be ‘fearful of machines’ or deficient in logical thinking2. Considering that China’s past development path has hinged on labour-intensive production positioned in the low-end of global commodity chain, many manufacturers are either slow or reluctant to take up labour retraining. Among the eight manufacturers I studied, only one invested in training workers, and this was because the company engages in high-precision metalwork that requires substantial levels of skill in the production process. Mr Zhou, the owner of a firm that produces highend parts for optical-fibre communication equipment, chose to automate to achieve quality improvement, not just larger output. Building on his previous experience working in a state-owned enterprise, he set up an in-house apprenticeship program to train skilled workers. He stated: ‘Machinery is something everybody can buy, but a good production process needs to be designed. One component is hardware and the other is software.’ As a small and medium-sized enterprise, the case of Mr Zhou’s company is quite exceptional. Given the high turnover rate, very few employers in Dongguan are willing to invest in workers’ training. Workers’ Reactions to Technological Upgrading How have...

Development of the software and technical complex of the high-precision satellite positioning system in the conditions of open pit mining processes

The article presents technical solutions for the implementation of a high-precision satellite positioning system when performing mine surveying in an open pit. A system was put into commercial operation at one of the fields of JSC "Sokolovsko-Sarbayskoe mining and processing production association" (JSC "SSGPO") this year. The project was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan through grants for scientific and technical projects 2018–2020 and was co-financed by a private partner, JSC "SSGPO". All work was carried out jointly with the Subsidiary Limited Liability Company "Institute of Space Engineering and Technology". The technology of differential correction of GNSS signals in the form of base stations of differential correction (BSDC) allows solving the problems of high-precision satellite positioning. The main task assigned to the continuously operating base station is the collection of code and phase data from GPS/GLONASS satellites and the distribution of this data to users (services of JSC "SSGPO" and specialists of contracting organizations performing mine surveying and geodetic work at the field). Development of a mobile module and the rationale for its inclusion in the BSDC is provided in this work.

A Single Image 3D Reconstruction Method Based on a Novel Monocular Vision System.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measurement are popular techniques in precision manufacturing processes. In this manuscript, a single image 3D reconstruction method is proposed based on a novel monocular vision system, which includes a three-level charge coupled device (3-CCD) camera and a ring structured multi-color light emitting diode (LED) illumination. Firstly, a procedure for the calibration of the illumination’s parameters, including LEDs’ mounted angles, distribution density and incident angles, is proposed. Secondly, the incident light information, the color distribution information and gray level information are extracted from the acquired image, and the 3D reconstruction model is built based on the camera imaging model. Thirdly, the surface height information of the detected object within the field of view is computed based on the built model. The proposed method aims at solving the uncertainty and the slow convergence issues arising in 3D surface topography reconstruction using current shape-from-shading (SFS) methods. Three-dimensional reconstruction experimental tests are carried out on convex, concave, angular surfaces and on a mobile subscriber identification module (SIM) card slot, showing relative errors less than 3.6%, respectively. Advantages of the proposed method include a reduced time for 3D surface reconstruction compared to other methods, demonstrating good suitability of the proposed method in reconstructing surface 3D morphology.

Desigualdad de oportunidades educativas en México (1958-2010)

Este trabajo indaga en la magnitud, composición y cambios en la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas (DOE) en México. Básicamente, la DOE se define como la incidencia del origen socioeconómico en la probabilidad de realizar una transición entre niveles educativos. Los datos provienen del Módulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional 2016 (INEGI) y se analizan a través de dos modelos de regresión logística binomial. Los principales hallazgos son: a) la DOE crece hacia las transiciones educativas más altas, alcanza su pico en el acceso a media superior y decrece en el acceso al nivel superior; b) la DOE se reduce a lo largo del tiempo en primaria y secundaria, pero se mantiene estable en media superior y crece para el nivel superior; c) esta persistencia / incremento de la DOE en las transiciones superiores se explica, principalmente, por un incremento en la desigualdad asociada a los recursos educativos del hogar de origen.

Large mobility modulation in ultrathin amorphous titanium oxide transistors

Recently, ultrathin metal-oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have shown very high on-off ratio and ultra-sharp subthreshold swing, making them promising candidates for applications beyond conventional large-area electronics. While the on-off operation in typical TFTs results primarily from the modulation of charge carrier density by gate voltage, the high on-off ratio in ultrathin oxide TFTs can be associated with a large carrier mobility modulation, whose origin remains unknown. We investigate 3.5 nm-thick TiOx-based ultrathin TFTs exhibiting on-off ratio of ~106, predominantly driven by ~6-decade gate-induced mobility modulation. The power law behavior of the mobility features two regimes, with a very high exponent at low gate voltages, unprecedented for oxide TFTs. We find that this phenomenon is well explained by the presence of high-density tail states near the conduction band edge, which supports carrier transport via variable range hopping. The observed two-exponent regimes reflect the bi-exponential distribution of the density of band-tail states. This improved understanding would be significant in fabricating high-performance ultrathin oxide devices.

Direct binding of TFE\u03b1 opens DNA binding cleft of RNA polymerase

Opening of the DNA binding cleft of cellular RNA polymerase (RNAP) is necessary for transcription initiation but the underlying molecular mechanism is not known. Here, we report on the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the RNAP, RNAP-TFEα binary, and RNAP-TFEα-promoter DNA ternary complexes from archaea, Thermococcus kodakarensis (Tko). The structures reveal that TFEα bridges the RNAP clamp and stalk domains to open the DNA binding cleft. Positioning of promoter DNA into the cleft closes it while maintaining the TFEα interactions with the RNAP mobile modules. The structures and photo-crosslinking results also suggest that the conserved aromatic residue in the extended winged-helix domain of TFEα interacts with promoter DNA to stabilize the transcription bubble. This study provides a structural basis for the functions of TFEα and elucidates the mechanism by which the DNA binding cleft is opened during transcription initiation in the stalk-containing RNAPs, including archaeal and eukaryotic RNAPs.

Design, Development and Validation of a Portable Gas Sensor Module: A Facile Approach for Monitoring Greenhouse Gases

We report the unique design and prototype of a portable gas sensor module for monitoring greenhouse gases. The commercially available gas sensors (MQ-02, MQ-135, and TGS2602) were adopted in designing the module using Arduino Uno. Different locations in the city of Solapur, India (17.6599° N, 75.9064° E), were scanned for the usability of the developed prototype of the mobile gas sensor module. The choice of gas sensors in combination with Arduino Uno led to an excellent prototype for measuring the concentration of greenhouse gases, and therefore the wrong alarm for toxic gases. The prototype model and corresponding greenhouse gas concentrations (ppm) are described using an interplay of sensor design, software program, and greenhouse gases sites.

Light-Gated Modulation of Electronic Mobility of a Dihydropyrene-Based Photochromic Coordination Polymer.

Photo-induced modulation of electronic conductance has been achieved by employing an AgI-based two-dimensional coordination polymer (CP) having pyridine-functionalized photochromic dimethyldihydropyrene-cyclophanediene (DHP-CPD) π-switch. Both the coordination polymer and the organic photochromic core were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The coordination polymer displayed an excellent conductance in the ON state of the switch in the closed form of DHP. Upon exposure to visible light, the π-switch in the CPD form loses its planarity, turning the switch OFF, which is reflected in the drastic reduction of the conductance. Exposure to UV light turns the switch back ON wherein the high electronic conductance of the polymer can be restored.

Características étnico-raciales y desigualdad de oportunidades económicas en México

El presente trabajo examina la asociación entre las características étnico-raciales y los resultados económicos en México. A partir de datos del Módulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional 2016, levantado por el INEGI (2017) como parte de la Encuesta Nacional de los Hogares, nuestros hallazgos indican que todas las características étnico-raciales estudiadas (autoadscripción, lengua indígena y tono de piel) se asocian de manera estadísticamente significativa con los destinos económicos de las personas, siendo la dimensión lingüística aquella que sobresale por tener los efectos de mayor magnitud. La autoadscripción étnico-racial, y en particular la adscripción mestiza o blanca, en contraste con la indígena, tiene un efecto menor que el observado para la dimensión lingüística, pero mayor con respecto al tono de piel. Encontramos que estas asociaciones son estadísticamente significativas incluso controlando por los orígenes socioeconómicos, lo que sugiere que las inequidades económicas son explicadas tanto por una acumulación histórica de desventajas como por la persistencia de prácticas de racismo y discriminación en el presente.

Stabilization of the rotational motion of a composite nanosatellite with a mobile module mounted on a rotating platform

The paper considers the dynamics of the spatial motion of a composite nanosatellite with a movable module making an angular deviation relative to the carrier body. Control laws have been developed to stabilize the rotation of the nanosatellite relative to the longitudinal axis.