Mobile Module Research Articles

Picket-fences in the plasma membrane: functions in immune cells and phagocytosis.

Recent studies of molecular mobility in the plasma membrane have revealed that diffusion is restricted by cytoskeletal networks or fences. Transmembrane protein "pickets" that reversibly associate with the membrane-associated skeleton and with the pericellular coat impede the movement of unattached bystander molecules. While membrane picket-fences were originally described as barriers to free diffusion in more passive cell types such as fibroblasts, they have particularly important functions in the more dynamic immune cells. In phagocytes, such fences curtail spontaneous activation and their disassembly facilitates stimulation by target particles, fostering receptor clustering and the exclusion of phosphatases from the phagocytic cup. In this review, we describe the nature of the cellular cytoskeleton and of the exoskeleton created by the pericellular coat, their association with transmembrane pickets, and the modulation of molecular mobility during phagocytosis.

CROSS-PLATFORM PRACTICES FOR MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT OF AU-TOMATED TRADE ACCOUNTING

The problem of single application development that can work in widely used modern mobile platforms (Android and iOS) is dicussed. Current situation in building of crossplatform applicatioons is studied. The choise of appropriate development tools has been ex-plained. The basic principles and rules of design and development of crossplatform mobile applications using chosen Xamarin.Forms tech-nology has been described. The paper consists of two parts. The first part describes purposes and benefits of used Xamarin.Forms crossplat-form technology and contains technical requirements. The Xamarin.Forms technology using with C# object oriented programming lan-guage. The second part describes the best practices of using this technology in current project: MVVM pattern definition for devlopement using best style OOP; C# asynchoronous programming for creating comfortable and fast for use application; custom controls creating used in current project for best UI experience; using platformspecific code with DependencyService; customization of standard controls with Renderers; final application optimization to reach maximum performance and minimum battery consumption at a time (results of battery time optimization are presented). Finally, studied and written about using of new features of Xamarin.Forms by big developers’ community. Examples of software code and application screenshots used in application are given. The work shows the stages of the development of the mobile business application modules, which is already used in commercial product; all of the given examples are thoroughly tested during the development process and in real work, that allowed to make conclusions about best practices. The use of the developed sowftware al-lowed increasing the efficiency of trade accounting due to decreasing of monotonous operations quantity and as a result, the decreasing of errors in staff work, that already gave opportunity for money economy.

Factors limiting ferroelectric field-effect doping in complex oxide heterostructures

Ferroelectric field-effect doping has emerged as a powerful approach to manipulate the ground state of correlated oxides, opening the door to a new class of field-effect devices. However, this potential is not fully exploited so far, since the size of the field-effect doping is generally much smaller than expected. Here we study the limiting factors through magneto-transport, scanning transmission electron and piezo-response force microscopy in ferroelectric/superconductor (YBa2Cu3O7-{\delta} /BiFeO3) heterostructures, a model system showing very strong field-effects. Still, we find that they are limited in the first place by an incomplete ferroelectric switching. This can be explained by the existence of a preferential polarization direction set by the atomic terminations at the interface. More importantly, we also find that the field-effect carrier doping is accompanied by a strong modulation of the carrier mobility. Besides making quantification of field-effects via Hall measurements not straightforward, this finding suggests that ferroelectric poling produces structural changes (e.g. charged defects or structural distortions) in the correlated oxide channel. Those findings have important consequences for the understanding of ferroelectric field-effects and for the strategies to further enhance them.

Structure of paused transcription complex Pol II-DSIF-NELF.

Metazoan gene regulation often involves pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in the promoter-proximal region. Paused Pol II is stabilized by the protein complexes DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) and negative elongation factor (NELF). Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the paused Sus scrofa/Homo sapiens Pol II-DSIF-NELF transcription elongation complex (PEC) at 3.2 Å resolution. The structure reveals a tilted DNA-RNA hybrid that impairs binding of the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrate. NELF binds the polymerase funnel, bridges two mobile polymerase modules, and contacts the trigger loop, thereby restraining Pol II mobility that is required for pause release. NELF prevents binding of the anti-pausing factor TFIIS. Additionally, NELF possesses two flexible tentacles that can contact DSIF and exiting RNA. These results define the paused state of Pol II and provide the molecular basis for understanding NELF function during promoter-proximal gene regulation.

Direct Detection of dCas9-mediated Target Gene by Ion Concentration Polarization

Our group has reported that nanofluidic preconcentration devices utilizing ion concentration polarization (ICP)1, 2 enables simultaneous separation and preconcentration of biomolecules3. Further development of the device which is the main topic of this work enlightens us that the behaviors of accumulated analyte can be categorized into “propagating” and “stacking” behavior depending on the critical mobility which is the function of intrinsic and extrinsic properties of materials. Thus, altering the mobility of target DNA using dCas9 realized optical and direct sequence-specific detection. Therefore, the proposed dCas9-mediated genetic detection methodology based on ICP would provide rapid and direct micro/nanofluidic platform for liquid biopsies. I. Introduction The-state-of-the-art bio- and nanotechnology have opened up an avenue to non-invasive liquid biopsy for identifying diseases from biomolecules in bloodstream, especially DNA. In this work, we combined sequence-specific-labeling scheme using mutated Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated protein 9 without endonuclease activity (CRISPR/dCas9) and ion concentration polarization (ICP) phenomenon as a mechanism to selectively preconcentrate targeted DNA molecules for rapid and direct detection. II. Results Theoretical analysis on ICP phenomenon figured out a critical mobility, elucidating two distinguishable concentrating behaviors in the vicinity of a nanojunction; a stacking and a propagating behavior (Figure 1(a), 1(b)). Through the modulation of the critical mobility to shift those behaviors, the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) sequences were optically detected without PCR amplification (Figure 1(c), 1(d), 1(e)). III. Conclusion The proposed dCas9-mediated genetic detection methodology based on ICP would provide rapid and accurate micro/nanofluidic platform of liquid biopsies for disease diagnostics, especially PCR-free gene detection. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Korean Health Technology RND Project (HI13C1468 and HI14C0559). References S. J. Kim, Y.-A. Song and J. Han, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, 39, 912-922.S. J. Kim, Y.-C. Wang, J. H. Lee, H. Jang and J. Han, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 99, 044501.J. Choi, K. Huh, D. J. Moon, H. Lee, S. Y. Son, K. Kim, H. C. Kim, J.-H. Chae, G. Y. Sung, H.-Y. Kim, J. W. Hong and S. J. Kim, RSC Advances, 2015, 5, 66178-66184. Fig. 1. Time-lapse images of each concentrating behavior of (a) Sulforhodamine B molecule (stacking regime, convection dominant case) and (b) Alexa 532 molecule (propagating regime, electromigration dominant case). (c) Target genetic sequence binding process of dCas9:sgRNA complex. Schematic for detecting target sequence by dCas9-mediated ICP platform (d) with target gene (positive) and (e) without target gene (negative). Figure 1

The Challenges and Potential of Digital Therapeutic Solutions for Long-Acting Insulin Management

Starting on long acting insulin (LAI) can be difficult for people with type 2 diabetes (PWT2D). Delayed treatment initiation, imprecise titration, and poor adherence to therapy can lead to inadequate glycemic control. While emerging digital therapeutic solutions aim to help clinicians and PWT2D achieve optimal individualized LAI regimens, real world use of these solutions remains unknown. In this human factors validation study, we present findings on the Mobile Insulin Dosing System (MIDS), a mobile app module designed to reduce the manual burden of LAI titration. Sixteen PWT2Ds (age: 35-70 years) participated in the study. Participants were introduced to MIDS without training. Six real world use scenarios related to LAI management were presented with simulated data. Participants worked through each task using MIDS without assistance. Task performance was measured. Three out of six tasks had 100% success rates and the remaining three tasks had success rates from 73.3-87.5%. Three participants had 100% success rate despite having no prior experience with insulin therapy. All participants endorsed MIDS to be straightforward, easy to use, and effective for insulin management. Among unsuccessful tasks, the individual’s mental model of LAI adjustment was the common root cause. Some PWT2Ds did not understand that LAI is adjusted based on the fasting blood glucose (BG) only and assumed that non-fasting BG readings should also be included. Confidence in self titration was also a risk factor. Overall, MIDS proved to be simple, effective, and easy to use for PWT2Ds of varying ages, LAI experience, and smartphone use. Observed failure risks were related to poor understanding of diabetes and insulin regimens in general and not with the mobile implementation per se. Minimizing these risks, in addition to those inherent to manual recall and entry of BG readings, can enhance the use of digital therapeutic solutions for LAI therapy management. Disclosure A. Kanchi: Employee; Self; Glooko, Inc. L. Parks: Employee; Self; Glooko, Inc. T. Sheng: Employee; Self; Glooko, Inc.. J. Smith: None. M. Greenfield: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Glooko, Inc..

Hole Mobility Modulation in Single-Crystal Metal Phthalocyanines by Changing the Metal-π/π-π Interactions.

Weak intermolecular interactions in organic semiconducting molecular crystals play an important role in determining molecular packing and electronic properties. Single crystals of metal-free and metal phthalocyanines were synthesized to investigate how the coordination of the central metal atom affects their molecular packing and resultant electronic properties. Single-crystal field-effect transistors were made and showed a hole mobility order of ZnPc>MnPc>FePc>CoPc>CuPc>H2 Pc>NiPc. Density functional theory (DFT) and 1D polaron transport theory reach a good agreement in reproducing the experimentally measured trend for hole mobility. Additional detail analysis at the DFT level suggests the metal atom coordination into H2 Pc planes can tune the hole mobility via adjusting the intermolecular distances along the shortest axis with closest parallel π stackings.

Hole Mobility Modulation in Single‐Crystal Metal Phthalocyanines by Changing the Metal–π/π–π Interactions

AbstractWeak intermolecular interactions in organic semiconducting molecular crystals play an important role in determining molecular packing and electronic properties. Single crystals of metal‐free and metal phthalocyanines were synthesized to investigate how the coordination of the central metal atom affects their molecular packing and resultant electronic properties. Single‐crystal field‐effect transistors were made and showed a hole mobility order of ZnPc>MnPc>FePc>CoPc>CuPc>H2Pc>NiPc. Density functional theory (DFT) and 1D polaron transport theory reach a good agreement in reproducing the experimentally measured trend for hole mobility. Additional detail analysis at the DFT level suggests the metal atom coordination into H2Pc planes can tune the hole mobility via adjusting the intermolecular distances along the shortest axis with closest parallel π stackings.

Expression Profiling of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) Channels 1, 2, 3 and 4 in Mucosal Epithelium of Human Ulcerative Colitis.

The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family of selective and non-selective ion channels is well represented throughout the mammalian gastrointestinal track. Several members of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) subfamily have been identified in contributing to modulation of mobility, secretion and sensitivity of the human intestine. Previous studies have focused on the detection of TRPV mRNA levels in colon tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) whereas little information exists regarding TRPV channel expression in the colonic epithelium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3 and TRPV4 in mucosa epithelial cells of colonic biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in comparison to colonic resections from non-IBD patients (control group). Immunohistochemistry, using specific antibodies and quantitative analyses of TRPV-immunostained epithelial cells, was performed in semi-serial sections of the samples. TRPV1 expression was significantly decreased whereas TRPV4 expression was significantly increased in the colonic epithelium of UC patients compared to patients in the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference for TRPV2 and TRPV3 expression levels between UC and control specimens was detected (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between TRPV channel expression and the clinical features of the disease (p > 0.05). Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of TRPV channels in human bowel inflammatory response.

The RNA polymerase clamp interconverts dynamically among three states and is stabilized in a partly closed state by ppGpp.

RNA polymerase (RNAP) contains a mobile structural module, the ‘clamp,’ that forms one wall of the RNAP active-center cleft and that has been linked to crucial aspects of the transcription cycle, including promoter melting, transcription elongation complex stability, transcription pausing, and transcription termination. Using single-molecule FRET on surface-immobilized RNAP molecules, we show that the clamp in RNAP holoenzyme populates three distinct conformational states and interconvert between these states on the 0.1–1 s time-scale. Similar studies confirm that the RNAP clamp is closed in open complex (RPO) and in initial transcribing complexes (RPITC), including paused initial transcribing complexes, and show that, in these complexes, the clamp does not exhibit dynamic behaviour. We also show that, the stringent-response alarmone ppGpp, which reprograms transcription during amino acid starvation stress, selectively stabilizes the partly-closed-clamp state and prevents clamp opening; these results raise the possibility that ppGpp controls promoter opening by modulating clamp dynamics.

Development of a Smart Mobile Data Module for Fetal Monitoring in E-Healthcare.

The fetal heart rate (FHR) is a marker of fetal well-being in utero (when monitoring maternal and/or fetal pathologies) and during labor. Here, we developed a smart mobile data module for the remote acquisition and transmission (via a Wi-Fi or 4G connection) of FHR recordings, together with a web-based viewer for displaying the FHR datasets on a computer, smartphone or tablet. In order to define the features required by users, we modelled the fetal monitoring procedure (in home and hospital settings) via semi-structured interviews with midwives and obstetricians. Using this information, we developed a mobile data transfer module based on a Raspberry Pi. When connected to a standalone fetal monitor, the module acquires the FHR signal and sends it (via a Wi-Fi or a 3G/4G mobile internet connection) to a secure server within our hospital information system. The archived, digitized signal data are linked to the patient's electronic medical records. An HTML5/JavaScript web viewer converts the digitized FHR data into easily readable and interpretable graphs for viewing on a computer (running Windows, Linux or MacOS) or a mobile device (running Android, iOS or Windows Phone OS). The data can be viewed in real time or offline. The application includes tools required for correct interpretation of the data (signal loss calculation, scale adjustment, and precise measurements of the signal's characteristics). We performed a proof-of-concept case study of the transmission, reception and visualization of FHR data for a pregnant woman at 30weeks of amenorrhea. She was hospitalized in the pregnancy assessment unit and FHR data were acquired three times a day with a Philips Avalon® FM30 fetal monitor. The prototype (Raspberry Pi) was connected to the fetal monitor's RS232 port. The emission and reception of prerecorded signals were tested and the web server correctly received the signals, and the FHR recording was visualized in real time on a computer, a tablet and smartphones (running Android and iOS) via the web viewer. This process did not perturb the hospital's computer network. There was no data delay or loss during a 60-min test. The web viewer was tested successfully in the various usage situations. The system was as user-friendly as expected, and enabled rapid, secure archiving. We have developed a system for the acquisition, transmission, recording and visualization of RCF data. Healthcare professionals can view the FHR data remotely on their computer, tablet or smartphone. Integration of FHR data into a hospital information system enables optimal, secure, long-term data archiving.

The Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on Cardiorespiratory and Neuropsychological Responses in Workers With Chronic Intermittent Exposure to High Altitude (ALMA, 5,050 m).

It is estimated that labor activity at high altitudes in Chile will increase from 60,000 to 120,000 workers by the year 2020. Oxygenation of spaces improves the quality of life for workers at high geographic altitudes (<5,000 m). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a mobile oxygen module system on cardiorespiratory and neuropsychological performance in a population of workers from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA, 5,050 m) radiotelescope in the Chajnantor Valley, Chile. We evaluated pulse oximetry, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP/DAP), and performed neuropsychological tests (Mini-Mental State examination, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test) at environmental oxygen conditions (5,050 m), and subsequently in a mobile oxygenation module that increases the fraction of oxygen in order to mimic the higher oxygen partial pressure of lower altitudes (2,900 m). The use of module oxygenation at an altitude of 5,050 m, simulating an altitude of 2,900 m, increased oxygen saturation from 84 ± 0.8 to 91 ± 0.8% (p < 0.00001), decreased heart rate from 90 ± 8 to 77 ± 12 bpm (p < 0.01) and DAP from 96 ± 3 to 87 ± 5 mmHg (p < 0.01). In addition, mental cognitive state of workers (Mini-Mental State Examination) shown an increased from 19 to 31 points (p < 0.02). Furthermore, the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test (memory) shown a significant increase from 35 to 70 (p < 0.0001). The results demonstrate that the use of an oxygen module system at 5,050 m, simulating an altitude equivalent to 2,900 m, by increasing FiO2 at 28%, significantly improves cardiorespiratory response and enhances neuropsychological performance in workers exposed to an altitude of 5,050 m.

Efficient collective shape shifting and locomotion of massively-modular robotic structures

We propose a methodology of planning effective shape shifting and locomotion of large-ensemble modular robots based on a cubic lattice. The modules are divided into two groups: fixed ones, that build a rigid porous frame, and mobile ones, that flow through the frame. Mobile modules which flow out of the structure attach to the frame, advancing its boundary. Conversely, a deficiency of mobile modules in other parts of the boundary is corrected by decomposition of the frame. Inside the structure, appropriate module flow is arranged to transport the modules in a desired direction, which is planned by a special distributed version of a maximum flow search algorithm. The method engages a volume of modules during reconfiguration, which is more efficient than common surface-flow approaches. Also, the proposed interpretation as a flow in porous media with moving boundaries seems particularly suitable for further development of more advanced global reconfiguration scenarios. The theoretical efficiency of the method is assessed, and then partially verified by a series of simulations. The method can be possibly also applied to a wider class of modular robots, not necessarily cubic-lattice-based.

Design of Multi-functional Physiological Signal Acquisition and Wireless Transmission System

The design is based on the ultra-low power microcontroller MSP430. It is designed and developed to measure the temperature and heart rate pulse and blood flow velocity by using temperature sensor, ultrasonic module, heart rate pulse detection sensor, global satellite positioning module, global mobile communication system and wireless transmission module. Anti-lost wireless transmission system. The terminal through the positioning system, the temperature sensor pulse detection sensor and the ultrasonic module to obtain the location information and physical health of the elderly, and then in the form of short messages sent to the GSM through the SMS to receive the phone terminal, to achieve the location of the elderly and their physical condition more comprehensive Real-time monitoring, but also through the Bluetooth data upload to the database, to achieve the data storage and analysis.

A new mobile learning module using smartphone wallpapers in identification of medical fungi for medical students and residents.

Medical students and residents will encounter many cutaneous fungal infections in medical practice. However, the training for identification of medical fungi has been insufficient due to limited lecture-based courses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of using smartphone-based wallpapers in learning the microscopic morphology and colony characteristics of medical fungi for medical students and residents. A smartphone-based wallpaper learning module using a wallpaper-changing software application (app) was introduced in this 3-week training course. Twenty-six participants were enrolled and divided into two groups: nondermatology trainees, including medical students and postgraduate year one (PGY-1) doctors who have not yet specialized, and dermatology trainees (dermatology residents). All of the participants completed a 3-week training course, and the effectiveness of the module was evaluated by pre- and post-course multiple-choice examinations. Both nondermatology and dermatology trainees scored significantly higher in post-course examinations than pre-course examinations (P < 0.001). The dermatology trainees performed better than nondermatology trainees in the pre-course examinations (P < 0.001). In the post-course examinations, no significant difference in scores was noted between dermatology and nondermatology trainees (P = 0.573). The smartphone-based wallpaper learning module was effective in helping medical students and residents learn and memorize morphologic characteristics of fungi. In comparison to conventional lecture-based learning, this new mobile module was more readily accessible and convenient for learners to engage in learning.

Smart Wearable Hand Device for Sign Language Interpretation System With Sensors Fusion

Gesturing is an instinctive way of communicating to present a specific meaning or intent. Therefore, research into sign language interpretation using gestures has been explored progressively during recent decades to serve as an auxiliary tool for deaf and mute people to blend into society without barriers. In this paper, a smart sign language interpretation system using a wearable hand device is proposed to meet this purpose. This wearable system utilizes five flex-sensors, two pressure sensors, and a three-axis inertial motion sensor to distinguish the characters in the American sign language alphabet. The entire system mainly consists of three modules: 1) a wearable device with a sensor module; 2) a processing module; and 3) a display unit mobile application module. Sensor data are collected and analyzed using a built-in embedded support vector machine classifier. Subsequently, the recognized alphabet is further transmitted to a mobile device through Bluetooth low energy wireless communication. An Android-based mobile application was developed with a text-to-speech function that converts the received textinto audible voice output. Experiment results indicate that a true sign language recognition accuracy rate of 65.7% can be achieved on average in the first version without pressure sensors. A second version of the proposed wearable system with the fusion of pressure sensors on the middle finger increased the recognition accuracy rate dramatically to 98.2%. The proposed wearable system outperforms the existing method, for instance, although background lights, and other factors are crucial to a vision-based processing method, they are not for the proposed system.

PENGEMBANGAN MODUL MULTIMEDIA MOBILE LEARNING DENGAN ANDROID STUDIO 4.1 MATERI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI BAGI SISWA SMA KELAS X

The future competence of the 21st century requires students to be able to utilize Information and Communication Technology (ICT). One of ICTs used by students is smartphone. To get the smartphone benefits used by students, a medium of learning is needed in the form of modules on smartphone operating system. Hopefully, it can make the students feel more interested and motivated in learning biology. The purpose of this study was to develop multimedia mobile learning modules based on android operating system which contains biodiversity material for senior high school students of class X. The research was conducted in September 2015 to January 2016. The research method used was a research and development. The validation test results of subject expert, a linguists and media experts testing obtained scores of 84%, 80.57% and 63%. The trial test results of initial and primary use of students was 81,41% and 81,15%. Next result was a trial test from biology teachers with 87.50%. Pre test obtained an average score 83.98 while the post test gained an average score of 87.23. The conclusion of this research and development was the multimedia mobile learning modules of biodiversity material based on android operating system for senior high school students of class X has been developed, got a good interpretation score and increase student learning outcomes.

Barb based Fast Movement of Mobile Module for Deploying Devices in Reconfigurable Intelligent Space

In this paper, an improved Mobile Module (MoMo) based on Spring and a Barb Mechanism is introduced and its performance evaluation results are shown. In the Reconfigurable Intelligent Space $(\mathbf{R}+\mathbf{iSpace})$ , all the devices in the environment can be relocated according to the current situation. To achieve this environment, the MoMo, which can mount devices and move around the environment including walls and ceiling, is a necessary element. A new version of prototype MoMo with Spring-Barb Mechanism to improve speed was developed.

Real time conversion of sign language to speech and prediction of gestures using Artificial Neural Network

Sign language is generally used by the people who are unable to speak, for communication. Most people will not be able to understand the Universal Sign Language (unless they have learnt it) and due to this lack of knowledge about the language, it is very difficult for them to communicate with mute people. A device that helps to bridge a gap between mute persons and other people forms the crux of this paper. This device makes use of an Arduino Uno board, a few flex sensors and an Android application to enable effective communication amongst the users. Using the flex sensors, gestures made by the wearer is detected and then according to various pre-defined conditions for the numerous values generated by the flex sensors, corresponding messages are sent using a Global System for Mobile(GSM) module to the wearer’s android device, which houses the application that has been designed to convert text messages into speech. The GSM module is also used to send the sensor inputs to a cloud server and these values are taken as input parameters into the neural network for a time series based prediction of gestures. The system is designed to be a continually learning device and improve reliability by monitoring every individual’s behaviour at all times.

Design of power cable grounding wire anti-theft monitoring system

In order to prevent the serious consequences of the power grid failure caused by the power cable grounding wire theft, this paper presents a GPRS based power cable grounding wire anti-theft monitoring device system, which includes a camera module, a sensor module, a micro processing system module, and a data monitoring center module, a mobile terminal module. Our design utilize two kinds of methods for detecting and reporting comprehensive image, it can effectively solve the problem of power and cable grounding wire box theft problem, timely follow-up grounded cable theft events, prevent the occurrence of electric field of high voltage transmission line fault, improve the reliability of the safe operation of power grid.