Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols Research Articles

Irregularity Behaviour Detection - Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (IBD - AODV): A Novel Method for Determining Unusual Behaviour in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET)

All the communication in the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) will depend on the intermediate neighbour nodes or router nodes. Routing protocol is very important in MANET, because all the communication will be done in the MANET depending on the neighbour or intermediate node. If the intermediate node is a malicious node, all the data will be lost or changed by the intermediate or malicious node. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol is one of the moderate routing protocol in MANET. The Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing protocol does not have any security mechanism. This work is going to find the Irregularity Behaviour Detection (IBD) over the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) protocol. IBD is finding a trusted node by using the trust value (TV) of the node. This TV includes network performance, node energy level, and node position value. IBD-AODV is implemented and tested in the OmNetpp 6.0 simulator.

ADAPTIVE SECURE AND EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK

Nowadays Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is an emerging area of research to provide various communication services to end users. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are self-organizing wireless networks where nodes communicate with each other without a fixed infrastructure. Due to their unique characteristics, such as mobility, autonomy, and ad hoc connectivity, MANETs have become increasingly popular in various applications, including military, emergency response, and disaster management. However, the lack of infrastructure and dynamic topology of MANETs pose significant challenges to designing a secure and efficient routing protocol. This paper proposes an adaptive, secure, and efficient routing protocol that can enhance the performance of MANET. The proposed protocol incorporates various security mechanisms, including authentication, encryption, key management, and intrusion detection, to ensure secure routing. Additionally, the protocol considers energy consumption, network load, packet delivery fraction, route acquisition latency, packets dropped and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the applications to optimize network performance. Overall, the secure routing protocol for MANET should provide a reliable and secure communication environment that can adapt to the dynamic nature of the network. The protocol should ensure that messages are delivered securely and efficiently to the intended destination, while minimizing the risk of attacks and preserving the network resources Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol outperforms existing routing protocols in terms of network performance and security. The proposed protocol can facilitate the deployment of various applications in MANET while maintaining security and efficiency.

Mobile wireless ad-hoc network routing protocols comparison for real-time military application

Mobile wireless Ad-hoc has become more popular because it forms quickly, has an easy setup, and has easy extensibility. The mobile ad-hoc wireless networks can be further classified according to their applications as follows: Regular user ad-hoc networks are commercial communication that applies to vehicles to help avoid collisions and accidents and live connections to transfer data from car to car. Another application is disaster rescue ad-hoc networking, usually used when a normal infrastructure network is destroyed by storms, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. Nowadays, a lot of applications, particularly those related to the military and emergency situations, rely on mobile ad hoc wireless networks, where security needs are more challenging to provide than in regular networks. We present the tactical network needs for the military. This platform attempts to assess the possible advantages of mobile ad hoc networks in tactical military applications. This work proposes route discovery using reactive (on-demand) routing protocols where nodes need to just transfer data. This eliminates the requirement for each node to store and maintain any routing tables. This study presents and contrasts the benefits and drawbacks of two fundamental mobile ad hoc routing systems (AODV and DSR). Both protocols are On-Demand routing techniques, and when data needs to be sent, the discovery phase begins. The results of the simulation, the AODV routing approach outperforms the DSV routing method under identical simulated conditions.

The Effectiveness of Dynamic Probabilistic Flooding in On-Demand Routing Protocols for MANETs was Assessed Through a Performance Analysis

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), broadcasting is widely used in route discovery and many other network services. The efficiency of broadcasting protocol can affect the performance of the entire network. As such, the simple flooding algorithm aggravates a high number of unnecessary packet rebroadcasts, causing contention and packet collisions. Proper use of probabilistic method can reduce the number of rebroadcasting, therefore reduce the chance of contention and collision among neighboring nodes. A good probabilistic broadcast protocol can achieve high save rebroadcast and low collision. In this paper, we propose a dynamic probabilistic approach when nodes move according to way point mobility and compare it with simple flooding AODV and fixed probabilistic scheme. Our approach dynamically set the rebroadcasting probability according to the number of nieghbors nodes distributed in the ad hoc network. Simulation results show our approach performs better than both simple flooding and fixed probabilistic flooding.

Performance Improvement of AODV in Wireless Networks using Reinforcement Learning Algorithms

This paper investigates the application of reinforcement learning (RL) techniques to enhance the performance of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). MANETs are self-configuring networks consisting of mobile nodes that communicate without the need for a centralized infrastructure. AODV is a widely used routing protocol in MANETs due to its reactive nature, which reduces overhead and conserves energy. This research explores three popular Reinforcement Learning algorithms: SARSA, Q-Learning and Deep Q-Network (DQN) to optimize the AODV protocol's routing decisions. The RL agents are trained to learn the optimal routing paths by interacting with the network environment, considering factors such as link quality, node mobility, and traffic load. The experiments are conducted using network simulators to evaluate the performance improvements achieved by the proposed RL-based enhancements. The results demonstrate significant enhancements in various performance metrics, including reduced end-to-end delay, increased packet delivery ratio, and improved throughput. Furthermore, the RL-based approaches exhibit adaptability to dynamic network conditions, ensuring efficient routing even in highly mobile and unpredictable MANET scenarios. This study offers valuable insights into harnessing RL techniques for improving the efficiency and reliability of routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks.

Impact of Jellyfish attack on routing protocols in TCP-based MANETs

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self-organized infrastructure-less network of mobile wireless devices that could be deployed for communication. Due to the insecure wireless communication medium, multi-hop routing communication process, and dynamic behavior of the nodes in MANETs, routing protocols are vulnerable to various security attacks, such as Jellyfish attacks. A Jellyfish node targets TCP-based MANET and exploits its working mechanism to degrade the communication performance. This attack is hard to detect since it is a TCP protocol compliant methodology.In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the Ad hoc on-demand vector (AODV), Dynamic source routing (DSR), Temporally ordered routing algorithm (TORA), Geographic routing protocol (GRP), and optimized link state routing (OLSR) routing protocols under the Jellyfish delay variance attacks for TCP-based MANETs. Further, the TAHOE, RENO, and SACK variants of TCP protocol are considered for comparison. These routing protocols are simulated using the OPNET simulator to compare their performance, using specific performance metrics on the network. The experimental results show that the AODV protocol performs better than the DSR, TORA, OLSR, and GRP protocols under the jellyfish delay variance attack. Further, the SACK TCP variant performs better than the other TCP variants under the Jellyfish delay variance attack.

Performance evaluation of dynamic source routing protocol with variation in transmission power and speed

<span lang="EN-US">Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a set of mobile wireless nodes (devices) which is not rely on a fixed infrastructure. In MANETs, each device is responsible for routing its data according to a specific routing protocol. The three most common MANET routing protocols are: dynamic source routing protocol (DSR), optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR), and ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). This paper proposes an efficient evaluation of DSR protocol by testing the MANETs routing protocol with variation in transmission power at different speeds. The performance analysis has been given using optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) modeler simulations and evaluated using metrics of average end to end delay and throughput. The results show that the throughput increases as the transmission power increases up to a certain value after which the throughput decreases, also the network work optimally at a certain transmission power which varied at different speed.</span>

Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP) in MANETs Based on Situation Based Adaptive Routing

Without the need of a fixed foundation or base station, the Mobile Ad hoc Network creates its own wireless network. One of the most troublesome aspects of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is the occurrence of unexpected loss of network connectivity. As a result of this problem, packets continue to drop, and we must restore the connection by sending Route Request (RREQ) and Route Reply (RREP). As a result, network performance will suffer yet another setback. We used the scenario routing technique to combine the Dream Multipath Routing (DMR), Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV), Optimized link-state routing (OLSR), and Ad-hoc on Demand Vector (AODV) routing protocols to build the IHRP routing protocol in this work. According to previous studies, (AODV) is more suited when node motion is high. The purpose of DREAM Multipath Routing (DMR) is to maintain node mobility and location information coordinated. Route packet flooding is prevented by computing the expected chance of node relocation. The number of mobile nodes in the wireless network fluctuates, and the DMR operates on each one individually. In the network, each node maintains a list of nearby nodes and their current locations. Using the AOMDV routing protocol is effective for load balancing and preventing congestion on the network. OLSR is a good fit for networks that priorities link reliability above other considerations when routing traffic. When using the aforementioned (DMR, AODV, AOMDV, and OLSR) protocols to create the IHRP routing protocol, we are capable of better regulation of network behavior and perform. In the case of 100 nodes, data is sent for analysis for The Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR routing protocols. For data send, the performance of IHRP, ZRP, AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR is 11513, 10240, 10225, 10558, and 9184, respectively, and for 50 nodes, the performance of IHRP, ZRP, AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR is 11151, 9807, 9636, 9586, and 7470, respectively. Thus, with 100 and 50 nodes, the Improved Hybrid Routing Protocol (IHRP) outperforms the AOMDV, ZRP, AODV, and OLSR routing protocols. In the case of 100 nodes and 50 nodes, the data receive analysis for IHRP, ZRP, AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR routing protocols is 11513, 10240, 10225, 10558, and 9184, respectively, and 9367, 8714, 8370, 6730, and 7298, respectively, So IHRP also receives data faster than ZRP, AOMDV, AODV, and OLSR routing protocols. The IHRP outperforms AOMDV, AODV, ZRP, and OLSR routing protocols in terms of data transmit, receive, data drop, PDR, throughput, E-E latency, and NRL.

Comparative Study and Performance Analysis of MANET Routing Protocol

MANET (Mobile ad hoc networks) are famous in research due to their ad hoc nature and effectiveness during calamities across continents when no framework support is free. Wireless network interfaces have a limited transmission range; nodes may require multiple network hops to trade information across the organization. Each versatile node functions like a switch in such an organization, sending details to the other portable connected nodes. The nodes should not interrupt communication and associate themselves with the correct information transfer. Another significant issue was the development of expandable route discoveries capable of assessing rapid topography variations and numerous network detachments caused by high vehicle quality. This research article describes extensive technological changes, including the components and flaws of current progressive routing algorithms. Routing protocols designed for wired networks, such as the distance vector or connection state conventions, are inadequate for this application because they assume fixed geography and high overheads. This research article includes the MANET-supported routing protocols and their performance analysis across various performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, average throughput, residual energy, and delay.

Secure efficient communication in routing protocol in MANETs using ECC-EA3ACKa

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic, self-organizing networks that lack a fixed infrastructure, making them highly vulnerable to various security threats. One of the critical aspects in MANETs is the establishment of efficient and secure communication among mobile nodes. Routing protocols play a pivotal role in ensuring reliable data transmission in such environments. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the challenges and solutions related to achieving secure and efficient communication within MANET routing protocols. The main objective of this paper is to define the path for security and to further improve throughput, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and at the same time to create an energy-enhanced way with excellent security. Implementation of cryptographic algorithms for the information is done in such a way that it is impossible for attackers to compromise the resources of information sent over the web. This paper proposes a new intrusion detection system called Enhanced Adaptive 3 Acknowledgement (ECC-EA3ACK), using EA3ACK with Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) specially designed for MANETs. In this ECC, there is a two-key encryption technique based on elliptic curve theory that can be used to create faster, smaller, more energy-efficient cryptography. The above-developed on-demand routing protocol achieves better results than the existing model through one of the leading simulators called Network Simulator (NS2), which is used to implement and test the proposed system. The proposed cryptography provides secured transmission, reduces routing overhead, improves packet delivery ratio, throughput, and minimizes delay due to increased remaining energy and improved security.

Fuzzy Reputation Based Trust Mechanism for Mitigating Attacks in MANET

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) usage across the globe is increasing by the day. Evaluating a node’s trust value has significant advantages since such network applications only run efficiently by involving trustable nodes. The trust values are estimated based on the reputation values of each node in the network by using different mechanisms. However, these mechanisms have various challenging issues which degrade the network performance. Hence, a novel Quality of Service (QoS) Trust Estimation with Black/Gray hole Attack Detection approach is proposed in this research work. Initially, the QoS-based trust estimation is proposed by using a Fuzzy logic scheme. The trust value of each node is estimated by using each node’s reputation values which are determined based on the fuzzy membership function values and utilizing QoS parameters such as residual energy, bandwidth, node mobility, and reliability. This mechanism prevents only the black hole attack in the network during transmission. But, the gray hole attacks are not identified which in turn increases the packet drop rate significantly. Hence, the gray hole attack is also detected based on the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence method used for estimating the statistical measures. Additional QoS metrics are considered to prevent the gray hole attack, such as packet loss, packet delivery ratio, and delay for each node. Thus, the proposed mechanism prevents both black hole and gray hole attacks simultaneously. Finally, the simulation results show that the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism compared with the other trust-aware routing protocols in MANET.

Improving QoS Using Mobility-Based Optimized Multipath Routing Protocol in MANET

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) connect numerous nodes to communicate data from the sender node to the target node. Due to the lack of an infrastructure network, mobile nodes communicate through wireless without an access point. MANET does not have a centralized controller and has a dynamic network topology, which increases link failure and energy consumption resulting in excessive path delay, loss of Quality of service (QoS), and reduced throughput during data communication. Congestion is a significant problem when the QoS of the link carrying the data is degraded. Routing is one of the vital challenges of MANET due to the very dynamic and distributed nature of MANET. This article introduces a Mobility-Based Optimized Multipath Routing Protocol (MBOMRP) and an Efficient Reliable Link-State Transmission (ERLST) algorithm to overcome these problems. The proposed Mobility-Based Optimized Multipath Routing Protocol (MBOMRP) is utilized for route discovery and maintenance to efficiently avoid traffic and sleeping nodes. ERLST algorithm is used for efficient data transmission to increase QoS measurement parameters like throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and minimize the latency performance. The proposed MBOMRP-ERLST algorithm improves data communication network lifetime, avoids link failures, and provides efficient results compared with previous algorithms.

Performance Analysis of Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks using NS3

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) is an emerging technology that brings tremendous technological advancement in the method of communication among smart vehicles. Due to its complex infrastructure and vehicle speed, data routing remains difficult at VANET. A VANET is also considered similar to Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), and MANET routing protocols can be adapted for VANETs for performance evaluation. In this work, we have selected a real world scenario from our locality with high traffic issues, Nanthoor Mangalore City Karnataka, India and a Map is generated using Open Street Map using SUMO and the MANET routing protocols AODV, OLSR, DSDV and OLSR are evaluated using NS3.

AODV-based Defense Mechanism for Mitigating Blackhole Attacks in MANET

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are decentralized and self-configuring networks composed of mobile devices that communicate without a fixed infrastructure. However, the open nature of MANETs makes them vulnerable to various security threats, including blackhole attacks, where malicious nodes attract and discard network traffic without forwarding it to its intended destination. Mitigating blackhole attacks is crucial to ensure the reliability and security of communication in MANETs. This paper focuses on the development and evaluation of AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)-based defence mechanisms for effectively mitigating blackhole attacks in MANETs, while simultaneously addressing energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. AODV is a widely used routing protocol in MANETs due to its on-demand nature and low overhead. However, it lacks built-in security mechanisms, making it susceptible to attacks. We incorporate energyaware route selection, solar-powered routing, collaborative energy sharing, energy-efficient intrusion detection, green routing optimization, and energy harvesting from environmental sources. By considering energy consumption and environmental factors in the route selection process, our defense mechanism not only enhances the security of the network but also contributes to energy conservation and reduced environmental impact. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed defence mechanisms, extensive simulations and performance analyses are conducted using network simulation tools. Through simulation-based evaluations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in achieving robust blackhole attack mitigation while extending the network’s lifetime and minimizing its carbon footprint. Our research offers valuable insights into the development of energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable solutions for securing MANETs in the face of evolving security threats.

A Collaborative Approach for Secured Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

Mobile computing is the most powerful application for network communication and connectivity, given recent breakthroughs in the field of wireless networks or Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs). There are several obstacles that effective networks confront and the networks must be able to transport data from one system to another with adequate precision. For most applications, a framework must ensure that the retrieved data reflects the transmitted data. Before driving to other nodes, if the frame between the two nodes is deformed in the data-link layer, it must be repaired. Most link-layer protocols immediately disregard the frame and enable the high-layer protocols to transmit it down. In other words, because of asset information must be secured from threats, information is a valuable resource. In MANETs, some applications necessitate the use of a network method for detecting and blocking these assaults. Building a secure intrusion detection system in the network, which provides security to the nodes and route paths in the network, is a major difficulty in MANET. Attacks on the network can jeopardize security issues discovered by the intrusion detection system engine, which are then blocked by the network’s intrusion prevention engine. By bringing the Secure Intrusion Detection System (S-IDS) into the network, a new technique for implementing security goals and preventing attacks will be developed. The Secure Energy Routing (SER) protocol for MANETs is introduced in this study. The protocol addresses the issue of network security by detecting and preventing attacks in the network. The data transmission in the MANET is forwarded using Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) with an objective to improve the level of security. Network Simulator – 2 is used to simulate the network and experiments are compared with existing methods.

A Novel Cross-Layer Adaptive Fuzzy-Based Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol for MANETs

One of the essential processes in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is blind flooding to discover routes between source and destination mobile nodes. As the density of nodes in the network increases, the number of broadcast packets increases exponentially. This can lead to broadcast storms, a drain on the device’s battery, and reduced network efficiency. We propose a Cross-layer Adaptive Fuzzy-based Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol (CLAF-AODV) to minimize the routing broadcast traffic by considering the quality of service (QoS) (e.g. delay, throughput, packet loss), stability, and adaptability of the network. The suggested method employs two-level fuzzy logic and a cross-layer design approach to select the appropriate nodes with a higher probability of participating in broadcasting by considering parameters from the three first layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model to achieve a quality of service, stability, and adaptability. It not only investigates the quality of the node and the network density around the node to make a decision but also investigates the path that the broadcast packet traveled to reach this node. Simulation results reveal that our proposed protocol reduces the number of broadcast packets and significantly improves network performance with respect to throughput, packet loss, normalized routing load, collision rate, and average energy consumption compared to the standard AODV and the Fixed Probability AODV (FP-AODV) algorithms.

Reputation-Based Opportunistic Routing Protocol Using Q-Learning for MANET Attacked by Malicious Nodes

Irrespective of whether the environment is wired or wireless, routing is an important challenge in networks. Since mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are flexible and decentralized wireless networks, routing is very difficult. Furthermore, malicious nodes existing in the MANET can damage the routing performance of the network. Recently, reinforcement learning has been proposed to address these problems. Being a reinforcement learning algorithm, the Q-learning mechanism is suitable for an opportunistic routing approach because it not only adapts to changing networks, but also mitigates the effect of malicious nodes on packet transmission. In this study, we propose a new reinforcement learning routing protocol for MANETs called reputation opportunistic routing based on Q-learning (RORQ). Using this protocol, which works based on game theory, a reputation system can detect and exclude malicious nodes in a network for efficient routing. Thus, our method can find a routing path more effectively in an environment attacked by malicious nodes. The simulation results showed that the proposed method could achieve superior routing performance compared with other state-of-the-art routing protocols. In addition, compared to other algorithms, the proposed method demonstrated gains of up to 55% in terms of packet loss, up to 82% in terms of average end-to-end delay, and up to 28% in terms of energy efficiency in the blackhole attack scenario and up to 73% in terms of packet loss, up to 35% in terms of average end-to-end delay, and up to 12% in terms of energy efficiency in the gray hole attack scenario.

C-QoS-AOMDV: A cluster based QoS aware multipath routing protocol for MANET using hybrid soft computing techniques

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) favour flexible routing protocols because a single route exceeds certain limits. It has many advantages over one-way routing approaches, including high productivity, low end latency, high energy efficiency, and long network life expectancy. As MANET terminals are powered by batteries, energy efficiency is a crucial requirement for many applications. C-QoS-AOMDV is a cluster-based QoS-aware multipath routing protocol for MANET that uses hybrid soft computing techniques to further improve QoS. The main contributions of proposed C-QoS-AOMDV routing protocol are given as follows. In C-QoS-AOMDV routing protocol, we present a modified bird mating optimization (MBMO) clustering technique which reduces the total energy consumption of the network. We compute cluster head (CH) based on the multiple constrains for data transmission between cluster members to corresponding CH node. Then, the mine blast optimization (MBO) algorithm is used to optimize multiple constrains to compute trust degree and maximum trust degree to select CH. Third, we illustrate hierarchical decision tree based deep neural network (HDT-DNN) which is used to compute the next intermediate node for further data transfer between one CH to another CH. Finally, the proposed C-QoS-AOMDV routing protocol is implemented in Network Simulator (NS-3) and the results are compared to the cutting-edge technology protocols AOMDV, AOMDV-QoS, and GE-QoS-AOMDV.

Developing multi‐path routing protocol in MANET using hybrid SM‐CSBO based on novel multi‐objective function

SummaryOne of the infrastructure‐free networks is mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that are built with limited battery life using wireless mobile devices. This restricted battery capability in MANETs creates the necessity of considering the energy‐awareness constraint in designing them. As routing protocols, the major aim of MANETs is to create the energy awareness in the network; it improves the network's lifetime through effectively utilizing the available restricted energy. Moreover, it creates some limitations like the mobility constraint, wireless link's sensitivity to environmental impacts, and restricted transmission range and residual energy of nodes that causes rapid modifications in the network topology and frequent link failure. By taking those problems, this paper plans to develop a new multipath routing protocol, where the hybrid optimization algorithm with the integration of cuckoo search optimization (CSO) and butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is proposed and named sensory modality‐based cuckoo search butterfly optimization (SM‐CSBO) for determining the optimal path between the source and destination. The main goal is to select the path with better link quality and more stable links to guarantee reliable data transmission. The multi‐objective function is considered with the factors regarding distance, normalized energy, packet delivery ratio, and control overhead to develop an effective routing protocol in MANET. The proposed model of SM‐CSBO algorithm has superior than 5.8%, 30.4%, 36.7%, and 39.3%, correspondingly maximized than PSO, SFO, CSO, and SFO algorithms while considering the number of nodes as 150. The simulation outcomes proved that it enhances network performance when compared with the other traditional protocols.

Comparative analysis of routing protocols for wireless area networks and evaluation of the effectiveness

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a gathering of mobile nodes that want to communicate without any preplanned infrastructure and fixed organization of available links. Each node in MANET operates as a router, forwarding information packets for other mobile nodes. There are many routing protocols that possess different performance levels in different scenarios. The main task is to evaluate the existing routing protocols and finding by comparing them the best one. In this article been compared AODV, DSR and DSDV routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) to specify the best operational conditions for each MANETs protocol. I study these three MANETs routing protocols by different simulations in NS-2 simulator. We describe that pause time parameter affect their performance. This performance analysis is measured in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End-to-End Delay, Normalized Routing Load and Average Throughput.