Mobbing Behavior Research Articles

Exploring Perceptions of School Principals and Teachers towards Mobbing Behaviours

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul müdürlerinin ve öğretmenlerin yıldırma davranışlarına yönelik algılarındaki benzerlikleri ve farklılıklarını ortaya koymaktır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenoloji deseninin kullanıldığı çalışmada katılımcılar, 30 okul müdürü ve 30 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Yapılan görüşmelerle ulaşılan veriler, içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmasonuçlarında, okul müdürlerinin ve öğretmenlerin tamamının yıldırma kavramına yönelik bilgi sahibi oldukları, okul müdürlerinin ve öğretmenlerin okullarda yıldırma davranışlarıyla karşılaştıkları, bu durumu daha çok psikolojik baskı olarak ifade ettikleri ve okul müdürlerinin yıldırmayı genellikle çok yönlü bir süreç olarak; öğretmenlerinse daha çok amir kaynaklı bir süreç olarak algıladıkları ortaya koyulmuştur. Ayrıca, okul müdürleri ve öğretmenler yıldırmanın stres, öfke, huzursuzluk ve psikolojik sorunlar gibi bireye yönelik olumsuz etkilerinin olduğu ve mağdurların sessiz kalarak yıldırmaya boyun eğdiği konusunda ortak bir algıya sahiptir. Hem okul müdürleri hem de öğretmenler, yıldırma sürecine maruz kalan bir bireyi fark ettiklerinde sessiz kalmayacaklarına, yıldırma sürecine müdahil olacaklarına ve mağdurun yanında yer alacaklarına yönelik ortak bir algı ortaya koymuştur. Okul müdürlerine göre okullarda yaşanılan yıldırma davranışlarının en temel nedeni empati ve iletişim eksikliğiyken; öğretmenlerin birçoğuna göre ise liyakat eksikliğidir. Yıldırmanın kurumsal etkileri değerlendirilirken okul müdürleri daha çok kurum kimliği açısından; öğretmeler ise daha çok özel ve bireysel açıdan algılar ortaya koymuştur. Okul müdürlerinin çoğu, yıldırma karşısında hukuki yollara başvurmayı yıldırma ile mücadele stratejisi olarak görmekte; öğretmenlerin yarısı ise yıldırma karşısında kaçınma, görmezden gelme stratejisini izlemektedir. Araştırmanın sonunda yıldırma davranışlarının ve okul müdürlerinin ve öğretmenlerin algı farklarının okul ortamında azaltılmasına yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

The effect of workplace mobbing on organizational silence: empirical results from higher education institutions

Mobbing and organizational silence are among the topics that have attracted attention in the field of organizational behavior. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mobbing behaviors on organizational silence in the workplace. Data were obtained from academicians working at public universities in Turkey. As a data collection tool, the Mobbing Scale for Academicians (MS-A) scale developed by Yildiz (2020) to measure mobbing, and the organizational silence scale developed by Van Dyne et al. (2003) to measure organizational silence were used. Correlation and hierarchal regression analyzes were applied to the obtained data. Relationships between the sub-dimensions of mobbing and sub-dimensions of organizational silence were analyzed separately. According to the results of the analysis, mobbing behaviors had a significant and positive effect on acquiescent silence and defensive silences of the academicians. However, there was no significant effect of mobbing on the prosocial silence of academicians. These results showed that mobbing behaviors were effective in the emergence of organizational silence.

Drones, Gulls and Urbanity: Interaction between New Technologies and Human Subsidized Species in Coastal Areas

The use of drones has expanded the boundaries of several activities, which is expected to be utilized intensively in the near future. Interactions between urbanity and naturalness have been increasing while urban expansion amplifies the proximity between urban and natural areas. In this scenario, the interactions between drones and fauna could be augmented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to depict and evaluate the responses of the opportunistic and territorial seagull Larus livens to a small-sized drone during the non-breeding stage in urban areas and natural surroundings. The results evidenced that gulls do not react to drone sounds, coloration, or distance between them and the drone take-off spot. Clearly, the take-off vertical movement triggers an agonistic behavior that is more frequent in groups conformed by two adults, evidencing some kind of territorial response against the device, expressed as characteristic mobbing behavior. Thus, adult settled gulls in touristic and non-urbanized areas displayed agonistic behavior more frequently against the drone. Despite the coastal urban area being a free interaction environment, it evidences a low risk between drone management and territorial seabirds.

Evaluation of mobbing perception levels of health employees.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the mobbing perception levels of health workers, who were mobbed and to determine whether the socio-demographic characteristics of the employees made a significant difference in the perception of mobbing. Within the scope of the study, the mobbing perception levels of 516 healthcare personnel were evaluated by using relational screening model. In order to collect data, socio-demographic data form and Leymann Psychological Terrorist Scale developed by Heinz Leymann were used. As a result of the study, 70.0% of the participants who were exposed to mobbing reported that they were exposed to mobbing behaviors by their managers. The Leymann Psychological Terrorism Scale was found to be 1.49. Mobbing behaviors that affect self-disclosure and communication possibilities is the most common bullying behavior that the participants were exposed (x̄: 1.73). As a result, the data suggested that company policies rather than demographic characteristics of individuals are effective in the exposure to mobbing behaviors. It is thought that the cultural structures of the societies and the individuals' knowledge about which behaviors can be evaluated as mobbing have an effect on the mobbing perception levels of the individuals. Accepting mobbing behaviors as a normal situation in hierarchical structure or interpersonal relationships is one of the important problems in prevention. For this reason, one of the most important steps in the prevention of mobbing is to ensure that both managers and employees are informed about mobbing.

Female putty-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans) vocally recruit males for predator defence.

Alarm calls can trigger very different behavioural changes in receivers and signallers might apply different alarm call strategies based on their individual cost-benefit ratio. These cost-benefit ratios can also vary as a function of sex. For instance, male but not female forest guenons possess loud alarms that serve warning and predator deterrence functions, but also intergroup spacing and male–male competition. In some forest guenons, the context specificity and alarm call repertoire size additionally differs between females and males but it remains unclear if this corresponds to similar sexual dimorphisms in alarm calling strategies. We here experimentally investigated whether general female and more context-specific male alarm calls in putty-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans) had different effects on the opposite sex's behaviour and whether they might serve different female and male alarm calling strategies. We presented a leopard model separately to the females or to the male of several groups while ensuring that the opposite sex only heard alarm calls of target individuals. While female alarms led to the recruitment of males in the majority of cases, male alarms did not have a similar effect on female behaviour. Males further seem to vocally advertise their engagement in group defence with more unspecific alarms while approaching their group. Males switched alarm call types once they spotted the leopard model and started mobbing behaviour. Females only ceased to alarm call when males produced calls typically associated with anti-predator defence, but not when males produced unspecific alarm calls. Our results suggest that sexual dimorphisms in the context specificity of alarms most likely correspond to different alarm calling strategies in female and male putty-nosed monkeys.

Teacher's Experience with Mobbing in Baku Schools and İts Consequences

The phenomenon of mobbing is one of the global problems of modern life which includes unethical behaviors such as harassment, isolation, humiliation, and psychological violence. Mobbing is also occurring in the teaching staff and if mentioned behaviors used continuously, mobbing has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of humans. The study aimed to determine the mobbing behaviors and the characteristics of their impact on teachers. The research sample consisted of 202 teachers working in Baku schools in Azerbaijan. In the survey, Likert scale questionnaires were used as a data collection tool. The findings suggest that it is a mobbing behavior that teachers are most exposed is the "underestimation of work". Most of the negative effects of mobbing on teachers were the work-related effects. It was determined that single teachers compared to married teachers are more exposed to mobbing. Also,was found a statistical difference between work experience and mobbing. In data analysis, a positive and significant relationship was found between mobbing and the negative effects of mobbing ( r=,444; p< .01). If the level of mobbing increases, it becomes a dangerous situation. Thus, it is essential to pay attention to this actual problem and follow recommendations to fight with mobbing and prevent its consequences.

Dokazivanje mobinga - između krivičnog i radnog prava, teorije i sudske prakse

In this paper is analyzed mobbing behavior as a new and complex phenomenon for domestic legislation and jurisprudence in the Republic of Serbia. Despite the fact that there is a great number of definitions of maltreatment at workplaces, all of them are based on making hostile, humiliating and degrading environment at work. Since the Serbian Act on Prevention of Harassment at Work is adopted in 2010, judicial protection for employees is provided not only in criminal procedure in line with the rules of Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure but also ih the civil trial. Proving mobbing behaviour in civil trial is different from criminal procedure regarding the turnover of the burden of proof, different kinds of admissible evidence and the rule of repetition of behavior which is considered to be mobbing. Altough the Act on Prevention of Harassment at Work is in force during ten years, we have not found precise criteria in the jurisprudence for remarking the hrassment at work and it is one of the reasons why appellate courts intervene in the decisions of higher courts regarding the mobbing behavior.

A new mobbing scale for academicians (MS-A) in higher education institutions

This study proposed and tested a new mobbing scale for academicians in higher education institutions. A two-stage methodology consisting of a qualitative approach and quantitative measuring was used in the study. First, mobbing behavior items were developed by using an in-depth interview technique on a group of Turkish academicians. Then, the developed items were formulated and applied to academicians (n = 165) working in eight state universities in Turkey. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the construct validity of the scale. Additionally, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was examined in order to determine its reliability. The results of the analysis showed high validity and reliability values and revealed a two-dimensional structure of the scale. These dimensions were labeled as “vertical/horizontal mobbing” and “vertical mobbing.” The scale was labeled as the Mobbing Scale for Academicians (MS-A). As a result, MS-A is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring mobbing in the higher education environment and determines the level of mobbing behaviors. Unlike the mobbing scales in the literature, this scale is more effective because it is developed specifically for academicians. Additionally, the scale is considered to be more economical in terms of time and labor due to its brevity.

The effect of mobbing behaviors on students’ burnout: Empirical results from a Higher Educational Institution

The effect of mobbing behaviors on students’ burnout: Empirical results from a Higher Educational Institution

Mobbing perception among Intensive Care Unit nurses

AimTo determine the perception of intensive care unit nursing staff on mobbing. MethodQualitative approach study, Grounded Theory was used, twelve intensive care unit nurses of two public hospitals in our country during December 2017. ResultsFemale sex predominated with an average age of 41.33 years old, mostly married, on night shift and trained a nursing technicians; four categories emerged: general knowledge about mobbing, the origin of mobbing and its main actors, experiences of mobbing as a victim and as a spectator and the implications of mobbing in working life. DiscussionIssues of workplace harassment are sensitive for most health workers, since they deal with private situations and lack of support from superiors when they have been victims of harassment. The evidence shows that one of the reasons why mobbing can be perceived in different ways is because little is known about the real concept, it can be associated with multiple forms of violence and there is heterogeneity in the use of the term. ConclusionThe majority of intensive care unit nursing staff have been victims and witnesses of mobbing behaviour, with negative repercussions on their job satisfaction and performance; It is also the cause of constant staff turnover.

Mobbing Davranışlarının Öğrenci Tükenmişliğine Etkisi: Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Lisans Öğrencileri Üzerinde Ampirik Bir İnceleme

Bu çalışmada mobbing davranışlarının üniversite öğrencilerinin tükenmişliği üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Veriler bir devlet üniversitesinin spor bilimleri fakültesindeki öğrencilerinden (n=223) elde edilmiştir. Mobbing davranışlarını ölçmek için Einarsen ve diğerleri (2009) tarafından geliştirilen Negatif Davranışlar Ölçeği’nin öğrencilere yönelik versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilere yönelik versiyon bu çalışmada geliştirilmiş ve “Negatif Davranışlar Ölçeği-Öğrenci” olarak adlandırılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerliliği için hem açımlayıcı hem de doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, ölçeğin güvenirliği için Cronbach’s alpha katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri yüksek değerler göstermiş ve sonuçta ölçeğin 12 maddeli ve iki boyutlu yapısı (akademik mobbing ve akademik olmayan mobbing) ortaya çıkmıştır. Diğer taraftan, öğrencilerin tükenmişliğini ölçmek için “Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri-Öğrenci” kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar mobbing davranışlarının öğrenci tükenmişliğini anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir (β=,350; p<0,01).

Caught on camera: circumstantial evidence for fatal mobbing of an avian brood parasite by a host

Hosts have evolved a multiplicity of defensive responses against avian brood parasites. One of them is mobbing behaviour which often includes direct contact attacks. These aggressive strikes may not only distract the parasites but may also be fatal to them, as documented by cases of dead brood parasite females found near host nests. Here, we present the first video-recording of a great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) host whose vigorous nest defence appears to directly lead to the death of a female common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We suggest that the chance of parasite death probably rises with the presence of unfavourable factors, such as water below the nest. Our observation supports previous suggestions that hosts may pose a lethal danger to their parasites.

MOBBING AND TURNOVER INTENTION: A STUDY FROM EMPLOYEES OF THE PROVINCIAL DIRECTORATE OF YOUTH AND SPORTS IN TURKEY

In this study, the relationship between mobbing behavior and employees’ turnover intention in organizations providing sports services was examined. The data in this study were obtained from two Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports’ employees, in Turkey. As the data collection tool, the mobbing scale developed by Yildiz (2019) and the turnover intention scale developed by Landau and Hammer (1986) were used. As a result of this study, in which hierarchical regression analysis was used, it was found that mobbing behaviors significantly and positively affected employees’ turnover intentions. At the end of the study, administrative suggestions were given on the solution of mobbing. Article visualizations:

Leopard predation on gelada monkeys at Guassa, Ethiopia.

Predation is widely believed to exert strong selective pressure on primate behavior and ecology but is difficult to study and rarely observed. In this study, we describe seven encounters between lone wild leopards (Panthera pardus) and herds of geladas (Theropithecus gelada) over a 6-year period in an intact Afroalpine grassland ecosystem at the Guassa Community Conservation Area, Ethiopia. Three encounters consisted of attempted predation on geladas by leopards, one of which was successful. All three attacks occurred in low-visibility microhabitats (dominated by tussock graminoids, mima mounds, or tall shrubs) that provided leopards with hidden viewsheds from which to ambush geladas. An additional four encounters did not result in an attempted attack but still document the consistently fearful responses of geladas to leopards. In encounters with leopards, geladas typically gave alarm calls (n = 7 of 7 encounters), reduced interindividual distances (n = 5), and collectively fled towards or remained at their sleeping cliffs (n = 7), the only significant refugia in the open-country habitat at Guassa. Geladas did not engage in mobbing behavior towards leopards. Encounters with leopards tended to occur on days when gelada herd sizes were small, raising the possibility that leopards, as ambush hunters, might stalk geladas on days when fewer eyes and ears make them less likely to be detected. We compare the behavioral responses of geladas to leopards at Guassa with those previously reported at Arsi and the Simien Mountains and discuss how gelada vulnerability and responses to leopards compare with those of other primate species living in habitats containing more refugia. Lastly, we briefly consider how living in multilevel societies may represent an adaptive response by geladas and other open-country primates to predation pressure from leopards and other large carnivores.

Academic Mobbing in Relation to Leadership Practices: A New Perspective on an Old Issue

Constant pressures emanating from internal and external environments of the academy have resulted in many changes, one of which is the workplace mobbing, an old issue for the broader field of organization science but a relatively new phenomenon in the academic context. This study investigated the relationship between workplace mobbing and academic leadership and the results indicated that the more positive leadership there is in an institution, the less mobbing behaviors are observed.

Mobile witnessing on WhatsApp: Vigilante virality and the anatomy of mob lynching

ABSTRACTIn contemporary India, Hindutva chauvinists, self-labelled as ‘gau-rakshaks’ (cow protectors) actively create misinformation campaigns through WhatsApp to set up mob attacks against alleged ‘gau-taskars’ (‘cow smugglers’), who are often from minority communities – Dalits and Muslims. Such communal incidents of mob behavior are on many occasions viewed as ‘flare-ups’ triggered by rumors, and yet for the triggering rumor to have the consequential effect it does, there has to be a regular build-up of communal atmosphere. The easy camera recording technologies of today’s mobile phones and the cheap circulatory affordances of WhatsApp make acts of cow vigilantism seem like performative rituals, very much ready and available for ‘mobile witnessing’. Such witnessing from members of their own community is crucial for the aspirations of the majoritarian Hindutva boys today who are recording and circulating the videos because they want their acts to be recognized so as to gain stature within their community. Many cow-vigilante outfits maintain multiple WhatsApp groups where enthused Hindu men are exhorted to converge on particular locations on interstate highways to catch alleged cow smugglers. Instead of focusing exclusively on Indian cultural divisions and governmental failure or affixing responsibility solely to WhatsApp for the epidemic of fake news and mob lynchings, I look closely at the coupling of religious ideology and media habits. I understand the media practices of cow vigilantes – that is, their use of Facebook and WhatsApp – as being part of their habitual micro-actions and social practices (including their performances of manliness).

İLKOKULLARDA YÖNETİCİLERİN MOBBİNG DAVRANIŞLARININ ÖĞRETMEN BAKIŞ AÇISI İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

The purpose of this research; It is the evaluation of the mobbing behaviors of principals in primary schools from the perspective of teachers. The research is a qualitative research. The universe of the research consists of 8 primary schools in Catak center in Van Province, and the study group consists of 16 volunteer teachers, 2 of them working in central schools. The data collection tool of the research consists of five questions whose validity and reliability are tested in line with the expert opinions developed by the researcher. As a result of the research; The fact that female teachers are exposed to more mobbing behaviors than male teachers in school, and the problems occurring in mobbing behavior among educators cannot be solved fairly, does not even allow to go to a higher authority. The problems experienced by teachers with their administrators were seriously negatively reflected on students and family relationships. Findings were reached as teachers experienced psychological disorders due to the problems they experienced.

La Simulación del Acoso Laboral en el LIPT-60: Implicaciones para la Evaluación Psicológica Forense

A case-by-act in forensic psychology is mobbing. With the intention of contributing to the development of existing techniques, LIPT-60 usefulness for the forensic psychological evaluation of mobbing was analysed. A sample of 90 workers, half male and half female, completed LIPT-60 in a feigning design under two conditions: first under standard/reality instructions and then under feigning instructions. The results revealed that the sample was able to feign suffering from mobbing in LIPT-60; they carried out two feigning strategies, suffering exaggeration and indiscriminate grouping of mobbing behaviors; that NEAP’s and IMAP’s cut-off points, suggested for suspected feigning, are not validfor forensic practice; and that there were no feigning differences based on gender. Implications for forensic practice are discussed in this study.

The Relationship between Exposure to Mobbing and Job Satisfaction among Healthcare Professionals in Northern Cyprus

To determine the relationship between exposure to mobbing and job satisfaction among healthcare professionals in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). The study universe comprised overall healthcare professionals (N=867) working in the state hospitals in TRNC. Data were collected from voluntary participants (N=479) without calculating a sample size via “Personal Information Form, Mobbing Behaviors Scale, and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. SPSS 17.0 statistical program was used for data analysis. The study revealed that isolation is the most prevalent sub-dimension of the mobbing behavior and that the mean scores of general satisfaction and sub-dimensions of the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire show statistically significant difference according to the age, marital status, education status and monthly income, as well as duration of employment, working times, staff status, and institutional position. There was statistically significant negative correlation between overall sub-dimensions of the mobbing behavior scale and “Extrinsic” and “Overall” satisfaction sub-dimensions of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Exposure to mobbing behaviors negatively influences the job satisfaction among healthcare professionals.

Understanding Violence in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities

This paper, Understanding Violence in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, deals with violence in its various forms in Charles Dickens’ novel, A Tale of Two Cities. The novel recounts the French Revolution of 1789. In the novel, Dickens portrays a terrifying scene of blood and brutality. Violence appears in different forms. Critics have paid attention to Charles Dickens’ own fear of a similar revolution in England. The paper attempts to find the substance of that fear. The paper will discuss the three forms of violence in Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities; namely, violence as an inherent part of the French Revolution; violence committed by the crowds or mobs, and the evil that rises and grows as the Revolution continues. It will be argued that Dickens’ depiction of the crowd and mob behavior in A Tale of Two Cities captures the potential which is in the mentality of any crowd to grow violent. That is, a seemingly innocent start could lead to evil. A socio-psychological approach will also be consulted to analyze violence in the novel; violence as part of the revolution; violence committed by the mobs, and finally how the revolutionary masses turn evil.