Μm Channel Research Articles

Supercooled Water Cloud Detection From Polarized Multi‐Angle Imager Data Using 1.37 μm Water Vapor Polarized Channel

AbstractDetecting supercooled water clouds (SWCs) is essential for enhancing artificial rainfall, preventing aircraft ice accretion, and developing a better understanding of radiative energy balance. The 1.37 μm channel, known as strong water vapor absorbing, was made polarized in the polarized multi‐angle imager (PMAI) onboard FengYun‐3G satellite. The infight data shown that the new 1.37 μm polarized channel could be used to detect SWCs. The cloudbow is observed around the 140° scattering angle in the 1.37 μm polarization image, with a maximum polarization reflectance of approximately 0.04–0.06. The indicated water clouds with spherical particles in the high‐level altitude could be SWCs. Then, the SWCs detected by 1.37 μm polarized channel is verified using polarized reflectance of other channels, the reflectance difference of channels, and thermal infrared bright temperature. The presence of cloudbow in 1.03 and 1.64 μm channels indicate liquid water cloud. The reflectance difference between 1.03 and 1.64 μm of SWCs agree with characteristic of water cloud. The thermal infrared channels from the imager on the same platform indicate cold cloud with the brightness temperature far below 273.16 K. Therefore, the only use of 1.37 μm polarized channel could perform the identification of SWCs. PMAI provides a powerful tool for monitoring supercooled water clouds.

The dependence of PurpleAir sensors on particle size distribution and meteorology and their relationship to integrating nephelometers

The National Park Service (NPS) has a need to measure real-time PM2.5 and haze levels across its many park units to inform the public of unhealthy air and track visual degradation of park scenic vistas. To fulfill this need, the NPS deployed PurpleAir monitors (PA) in several park units. PA monitors are inexpensive monitors promoted as particle counters capable of measuring particle size distributions. Each PA is equipped with two Plantower (PMS) particle counters and a temperature, relative humidity (RH) and pressure sensor. In 2022, the NPS initiated a field study to evaluate PA limitations, uncertainties, and how the measurements relate to particle light scattering. The study was conducted in Fort Collins, CO where five nephelometers, particle sizing instruments, semi-continuous ion concentration measurements, and seven PAs were deployed. One nephelometer and two PA's sampled air from an RH controlled chamber with RH ≤ 40%. The PA temperatures were accurate, but the PA RH measurements were systematically underreported RH by ∼28% and it is recommended to scale these data by 1.35. The PMS reported size distributions are shown to be invalid. PA instruments mounted without protection from wind exhibited biases of ±160% for wind speeds exceeding 5 mph. Hourly CH1 data were precise, with errors of ∼100% at low concentrations of 30 #/dl and 15% for concentrations ≥1000 #/dl. Normalizing all PMS sensors to each other reduced the errors to 20% and 8% for low and higher particle concentrations respectively. The reported total particle count, i.e. ≥0.3 μm channel (CH1), was biased low, and the bias decreased linearly with mean scattering diameter (MSD). The ratio of measured ≥0.3 μm to PA CH1 channel increases linearly with MSD. The overall normalized mean deviation (NMD) between the two measurements is 121.8%. The CH1 channel also increases as a function of RH primarily due to the growth of hygroscopic aerosols. On average, the relationship between the atmospheric scattering coefficient (bsp) and the PMS ≥0.3 μm CH1 channel is described by the equation bsp = 0.015 × CH1 for MSD levels less than 0.35 μm. The PMS CH1 response decreases linearly with MSD. The NMD between ambient PMS derived bsp and measured ambient bsp is 27.0%. Recommendations are made for PA network deployment.

Silicon-based microscale-oscillating heat pipes for high power and high heat flux operation

Microscale-oscillating heat pipes (micro-OHPs) have recently drawn interest for electronic cooling applications due to their compact size and passive operating mechanism. The occurrence of dryout in OHPs, however, at which the working liquid no longer wets the evaporator, limits the maximum operating cooling power, preventing their integration for direct cooling of high heat flux semiconductor chips. Here, we report on high power and high flux operation of silicon-based OHPs by using microchannels with hydraulic diameters of ∼200 μm. Particularly, a micro-OHP with 100 μm channel height is shown to effectively operate at 210 W using a dielectric working fluid, corresponding to an unprecedented cooling power density of 145 W/cm2, without dryout. A distinctive oscillating mode with highly periodic bulk circulations occurs at high heating power and can provide efficient heat dissipation. The flow speed of the liquid under this bulk circulation mode can be as high as 10 m/s. The empirical relationships between the heat transfer rate, oscillating frequency, and device temperatures are studied.

Scalable, Transparent, and Micro: 3D‐Printed Rapid Tooling for Injection Molded Microfluidics

The fast‐growing 3D printing industry is improving its hardware at an accelerated pace. This includes higher‐resolution printing combined with a wider range of photosensitive resins. The parallel development of rapid tooling (RT) for injection molding enables upscaling 3D‐printed designs. Within microfluidics, where prototyping and scalability are key, the development of 3D‐printed RT for injection molding can prove a competitive alternative to more traditional tooling methods. Herein, the dominating parameters impacting 3D‐printed RT for injection molding are investigated, enabling the delivery of durable, high‐resolution, and optically transparent microfluidics. It is found that reducing the sidewall waviness to 1.9 ± 0.4 μm and the interlocking angle to 1.9 ± 0.8° enhances the mold release success rate to 100 ± 0.0%. The surface roughness is reduced from 1.1 ± 0.1 μm to 0.2 ± 0.0 μm by increasing layer exposure during printing. In turn, this improves the optical transparency of molded replicas to >228 lp mm−1 line resolution and increased image contrast and amplitude. Ultimately, the established procedure proves capable of running a small‐scale production (≈500 parts) of a droplet generator with 50 μm channels, with a lead production time of under 3 h from computer‐aided design to a functional device.

Thermal engineering increases current density in AlGaN/GaN superlattice devices

Aluminum gallium nitride/gallium nitride multi-channel superlattice devices are receiving increasing attention as a new paradigm for driving the power density of gallium nitride based transistors toward their theoretical limit. However, the superior electrical performance of superlattice-based transistors is currently limited by excessive Joule-heating. This Letter evaluates what impact the number of superlattice channels and the buffer layer composition has on the reduction of the thermal resistance, i.e., Joule heating, of AlGaN/GaN superlattice devices. A record low thermal resistance (12.51 ± 0.34 K mm W−1) was measured via scanning thermal microscopy for non-castellated superlattice AlGaN/GaN devices with a 100 μm channel width. Overall, the use of a thin gallium nitride buffer layer, in place of a thick aluminum gallium nitride layer, reduced the buffer thermal resistance enabling the accommodation of more superlattice channels (10 vs 6), therefore augmenting the maximum power density of these devices. The superlattice device proposed here not only provides an enhanced thermal dissipation solution for high power density radio frequency electronics, but it also has the benefit of fewer fabrication steps in comparison with previously reported castellated multichannel devices.

Wafer-scale CMOS-compatible graphene Josephson field-effect transistors

Electrostatically tunable Josephson field-effect transistors (JoFETs) are one of the most desired building blocks of quantum electronics. Applications of JoFETs range from parametric amplifiers and superconducting qubits to a variety of integrated superconducting circuits. Here, we report on graphene JoFET devices fabricated with wafer-scale complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible processing based on chemical-vapor-deposited monolayer graphene encapsulated with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 gate oxide, lithographically defined top gate, and evaporated superconducting Ti/Al source, drain, and gate contacts. By optimizing the contact resistance down to ∼170 Ω μm, we observe proximity-induced superconductivity in the JoFET channels with different gate lengths of 150–350 nm. The Josephson junction devices show reproducible critical current Ic tunablity with the local top gate. Our JoFETs are in the short diffusive limit with the Ic reaching up to ∼3 µA for a 50 µm channel width. Overall, our demonstration of CMOS-compatible two-dimensional (2D) material-based JoFET fabrication process is an important step toward graphene-based integrated quantum circuits.

Quantifying the Impact of Aerosols on Geostationary Satellite Infrared Radiance Simulations: A Study with Himawari-8 AHI

Aerosols exert a significant influence on the brightness temperature observed in the thermal infrared (IR) channels, yet the specific contributions of various aerosol types remain underexplored. This study integrated the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) atmospheric composition reanalysis data into the Radiative Transfer for TOVS (RTTOV) model to quantify the aerosol effects on brightness temperature (BT) simulations for the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) aboard the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite. Two distinct experiments were conducted: the aerosol-aware experiment (AER), which accounted for aerosol radiative effects, and the control experiment (CTL), in which aerosol radiative effects were omitted. The CTL experiment results reveal uniform negative bias (observation minus background (O-B)) across all six IR channels of the AHI, with a maximum deviation of approximately −1 K. Conversely, the AER experiment showed a pronounced reduction in innovation, which was especially notable in the 10.4 μm channel, where the bias decreased by 0.7 K. The study evaluated the radiative effects of eleven aerosol species, all of which demonstrated cooling effects in the AHI’s six IR channels, with dust aerosols contributing the most significantly (approximately 86%). In scenarios dominated by dust, incorporating the radiative effect of dust aerosols could correct the brightness temperature bias by up to 2 K, underscoring the substantial enhancement in the BT simulation for the 10.4 μm channel during dust events. Jacobians were calculated to further examine the RTTOV simulations’ sensitivity to aerosol presence. A clear temporal and spatial correlation between the dust concentration and BT simulation bias corroborated the critical role of the infrared channel data assimilation on geostationary satellites in capturing small-scale, rapidly developing pollution processes.

Assessment of Accuracy of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Sea Surface Temperature at High Latitudes Using Saildrone Data

The infrared (IR) satellite remote sensing of sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) is challenging in the northern high-latitude region, especially in the Arctic because of its extreme environmental conditions, and thus the accuracy of SSTskin retrievals is questionable. Several Saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles were deployed at the Pacific side of the Arctic in 2019, and two of them, SD-1036 and SD-1037, were equipped with a pair of IR pyrometers on the deck, whose measurements have been shown to be useful in the derivation of SSTskin with sufficient accuracy for scientific applications, providing an opportunity to validate satellite SSTskin retrievals. This study aims to assess the accuracy of MODIS-retrieved SSTskin from both Aqua and Terra satellites by comparisons with collocated Saildrone-derived SSTskin data. The mean difference in SSTskin from the SD-1036 and SD-1037 measurements is ~0.4 K, largely resulting from differences in the atmospheric conditions experienced by the two Saildrones. The performance of MODIS on Aqua and Terra in retrieving SSTskin is comparable. Negative brightness temperature (BT) differences between 11 μm and 12 μm channels are identified as being physically based, but are removed from the analyses as they present anomalous conditions for which the atmospheric correction algorithm is not suited. Overall, the MODIS SSTskin retrievals show negative mean biases, −0.234 K for Aqua and −0.295 K for Terra. The variations in the retrieval inaccuracies show an association with diurnal warming events in the upper ocean from long periods of sunlight in the Arctic. Also contributing to inaccuracies in the retrieval is the surface emissivity effect in BT differences characterized by the Emissivity-introduced BT difference (EΔBT) index. This study demonstrates the characteristics of MODIS-retrieved SSTskin in the Arctic, at least at the Pacific side, and underscores that more in situ SSTskin data at high latitudes are needed for further error identification and algorithm development of IR SSTskin.

Investigation of the role of KATP channels in the cytotoxic effect of cypermethrin on rat-derived aortic smooth muscle cells

We investigate role of ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel in cytotoxic effect of cypermethrin on rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Cytotoxicity analysis was performed at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 10, 50, and 100 µM concentrations of cypermethrin and the cell index (CI) was calculated. KATP currents were recorded using patch clamp technique for 50 and 100 µM concentrations and channel conductivity was determined by obtaining current-voltage characteristics. No cytotoxic effect was observed in the first 72 hours. At the 96th hour, only at 100 µM concentration, the CI value decreased significantly compared to control group and at 120 and 144th hours, it was observed that the CI value decreased significantly at all concentrations. Currents and conductivities were significantly decreased at 50 and 100 µM concentrations. Results gave clues that cypermethrin causes a cytotoxic effect on vascular smooth muscles and that KATP channels may have a role in the emergence of this effect.

Purification of monoclonal antibodies using novel 3D printed ordered stationary phases

3D printing offers the unprecedented ability to fabricate chromatography stationary phases with bespoke 3D morphology as opposed to traditional packed beds of spherical beads. The restricted range of printable materials compatible with chromatography is considered a setback for its industrial implementation. Recently, we proposed a novel ink that exhibits favourable printing performance (printing time ∼100 mL/h, resolution ∼200 µm) and broadens the possibilities for a range of chromatography applications thanks to its customisable surface chemistry. In this work, this ink was used to fabricate 3D printed ordered columns with 300 µm channels for the capture and polishing of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The columns were initially assessed for leachables and extractables, revealing no material propensity for leaching. Columns were then functionalised with protein A and SO3 ligands to obtain affinity and strong cation exchangers, respectively. 3D printed protein A columns showed >85 % IgG recovery from harvested cell culture fluid with purities above 98 %. Column reusability was evaluated over 20 cycles showing unaffected performance. Eluate samples were analysed for co-eluted protein A fragments, host cell protein and aggregates. Results demonstrate excellent HCP clearance (logarithmic reduction value of > 2.5) and protein A leakage in the range of commercial affinity resins (<100 ng/mg). SO3 functionalised columns employed for polishing achieved removal of leaked Protein A (down to 10 ng/mg) to meet regulatory expectations of product purity. This work is the first implementation of 3D printed columns for mAb purification and provides strong evidence for their potential in industrial bioseparations.

Applications of Ground-Based Infrared Cameras for Remote Sensing of Volcanic Plumes

Ground-based infrared cameras can be used effectively and safely to provide quantitative information about small to moderate-sized volcanic eruptions. This study describes an infrared camera that has been used to measure emissions from the Mt. Etna and Stromboli (Sicily, Italy) volcanoes. The camera provides calibrated brightness temperature images in a broadband (8–14 µm) channel that is used to determine height, plume ascent rate and volcanic cloud/plume temperature and emissivity at temporal sampling rates of up to 1 Hz. The camera can be operated in the field using a portable battery and includes a microprocessor, data storage and WiFi. The processing and analyses of the data are described with examples from the field experiments. The updraft speeds of the small eruptions at Stromboli are found to decay with a timescale of ∼10 min and the volcanic plumes reach thermal equilibrium within ∼2 min. A strong eruption of Mt. Etna on 1 April 2021 was found to reach ∼9 km, with ascent speeds of 10–20 ms−1. The plume, mostly composed of the gases CO2, water vapour and SO2, became bent over by the prevailing winds at high levels, demonstrating the need for multiple cameras to accurately infer plume heights.

The Effect of Pixel Design and Operation Conditions on Linear Output Range of 4T CMOS Image Sensors.

We analyze several factors that affect the linear output range of CMOS image sensors, including charge transfer time, reset transistor supply voltage, the capacitance of integration capacitor, the n-well doping of the pinned photodiode (PPD) and the output buffer. The test chips are fabricated with 0.18 μm CMOS image sensor (CIS) process and comprise six channels. Channels B1 and B2 are 10 μm pixels and channels B3-B6 are 20 μm pixels, with corresponding pixel arrays of 1 × 2560 and 1 × 1280 respectively. The floating diffusion (FD) capacitance varies from 10 fF to 23.3 fF, and two different designs were employed for the n-well doping in PPD. The experimental results indicate that optimizing the FD capacitance and PPD design can enhance the linear output range by 37% and 32%, respectively. For larger pixel sizes, extending the transfer gate (TG) sampling time leads to an increase of over 60% in the linear output range. Furthermore, optimizing the design of the output buffer can alleviate restrictions on the linear output range. The lower reset voltage for noise reduction does not exhibit a significant impact on the linear output range. Furthermore, these methods can enhance the linear output range without significantly amplifying the readout noise. These findings indicate that the linear output range of pixels is not only influenced by pixel design but also by operational conditions. Finally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the impact of PPD n-well doping concentration and TG sampling time on the linear output range. This provides designers with a clear understanding of how nonlinearity is introduced into pixels, offering valuable insight in the design of highly linear pixels.

A study on sensitivity to an embedded nanostructure in a micrometer-channel-length Si MOSFET

Nano-artifact metrics (NAM) is an information security technology that uses a nano-scale random structure as a unique identifier, and is expected to provide secure authentication in the Internet of Things era. For electrical discrimination of the two-dimensional random nanostructure in terms of NAM, we investigated the sensitivity to the nanostructure in a Si MOSFET with micrometer channel length in a simulation and experiment. The device simulation showed that the sensitivity was increased by decreasing the channel length and increasing the height of the nano-convex structures. It also showed that a device with a 10 μm channel length could detect a nano-convex. On the other hand, the fabricated Si MOSFET with a 50 nm height nano-convex showed lower nanostructure sensitivity than that expected in the simulation. A detailed analysis indicated that the degradation of the sensitivity was attributed to fabrication process issues, including the unintentional reduction of the convex size and high source and drain resistance.

Impact of passivation layer on the subthreshold behavior of p-type CuO accumulation-mode thin-film transistors

In this work, models of p-type CuO metal-oxide- semiconductor (MOS) capacitor and thin-film transistors (TFTs) are established using numerical simulation tools and compared with experimental data, to investigate the impact of a passivation layer on the TFT subthreshold behavior. Simulated transfer curves and hole concentrations of back-gated CuO TFT with 10 μm channel length confirm the experimental observation of buried-channel and accumulation-mode conduction mechanisms. The subthreshold behavior is analyzed with HfO2 passivation on the top CuO surface varying the densities of fixed oxide charge and interface states, as well as the thickness of the CuO film. The simulation results demonstrate a significant potential improvement of the subthreshold slope and on/off current ratio, mainly thanks to the optimization of the fixed oxide charge densities.

Ultrathin H-MXM as An "Ion Freeway" for High-Performance Osmotic Energy Conversion.

Nanofluidic membranes are currently being explored as potential candidates for osmotic energy harvesting. However, the development of high-performance nanofluidic membranes remains a challenge. In this study, the ultrathin MXene membrane (H-MXM) is prepared by ultrathin slicing and realize the ion horizontal transportation. The H-MXM membrane, with a thickness of only 3 µm and straight subnanometer channels, exhibits ultrafast ion transport capabilities resembling an "ion freeway". By mixing artificial seawater and river water, a power output of 93.6 Wm-2 is obtained. Just as cell membranes have an ultrathin thickness that allows for excellent penetration, this straight nanofluidic membrane also possesses an ultrathin structure. This unique feature helps to shorten the ion transport path, leading to an increased ion transport rate and improveS performance in osmotic energy conversion.

Micron-scale FETs of fully epitaxial perovskite oxides using chemical etching

Advent of high mobility perovskite oxide semiconductor BaSnO3 (BSO) has enabled all-perovskite oxide heterostructures such as 2DEGs and FETs. To date all-perovskite oxide device demonstrations have been focused on finding and integrating the compatible perovskite dielectric oxides such as polar LaInO3 and LaScO3 and non-polar BaHfO3 and SrHfO3. For these demonstrations the length scale of BSO-based heterostructure devices has been about 100 µm, primarily due to the use of stencil masks for patterning. In order to further reduce the length scale, we employed a top-down approach using both photolithography and chemical etching techniques to pattern FETs made entirely of perovskite oxide materials: Ba0.997La0.003SnO3 channel layer, degenerately doped Ba0.96La0.04SnO3 contact layer, and SrHfO3 gate oxide layer. FETs of 3 µm channel length were fabricated using hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia as etchants. The FET exhibits a mobility of 38.8 cm²/Vs, an on/off ratio of 5.06 × 107, and a drain current density of 6.05 × 10−2 mA/μm, consistent with our expectation. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of patterning BSO through photolithography and chemical etching while maintaining the subsequent epitaxial growth, suggesting that BSO can be employed in a broader range of applications as well as for more precise studies of its intrinsic properties.

High-performance nano-scale InSnO transistors

Nanoscale short-channel oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have attracted widespread research interest due to their potential applications in advanced display and memory devices. In this work, we fabricate 10 μm channel length indium-tin-oxide (ITO) TFTs and analyze the uniformity and repeatability of ITO TFTs at the long channel range. Then we fabricate ITO TFTs with a series of channel lengths ranging from 10 μm to 150 nm and through an optimized process we finally fabricate 130 nm channel length high-performance ITO TFTs with an on-state current of 93 (μA/μm), a subthreshold swing of 102 (mV decade–1), and on/off ratio over 107 at a drain voltage of 3 V.

A Forked Microvascular Phantom for Ultrasound Localization Microscopy Investigations.

In the development of ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) methods, appropriate test beds are needed to facilitate algorithmic performance calibration. Here, we present the design of a new ULM-compatible microvascular phantom with a forked, V-shaped wall-less flow channel pair ( 250 μ m channel width) that is bifurcated at a separation rate of 50 μ m/mm. The lumen core was fabricated using additive manufacturing, and it was molded within a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) tissue-mimicking slab using the lost-core casting method. Measured using optical microscopy, the lumen core's flow channel width was found to be 252 ± 15 μ m with a regression-derived flow channel separation gradient of 50.89 μ m/mm. The new phantom's applicability in ULM performance analysis was demonstrated by feeding microbubble (MB) contrast flow (1.67 to 167 μ L/s flow rates) through the phantom's inlet and generating ULM images with a previously reported method. Results showed that, with longer acquisition times (10 s or longer), ULM image quality was expectedly improved, and the variance of ULM-derived flow channel measurements was reduced. Also, at axial depths near the lumen's bifurcation point, the current ULM algorithm showed difficulty in properly discerning between the two flow channels because of the narrow channel-to-channel separation distance. Overall, the new phantom serves well as a calibration tool to test the performance of ULM methods in resolving small vasculature.

Versatile Ultrasound-Compatible Microfluidic Platform for In Vitro Microvasculature Flow Research and Imaging Optimization.

Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) enables the creation of super-resolved images and velocity maps by localizing and tracking microbubble contrast agents through a vascular network over thousands of frames of ultrafast plane wave images. However, a significant challenge lies in developing ultrasound-compatible microvasculature phantoms to investigate microbubble flow and distribution in controlled environments. In this study, we introduce a new class of gelatin-based microfluidic-inspired phantoms uniquely tailored for ULM studies. These devices allow for the creation of complex and reproducible microvascular networks featuring channel diameters as small as 100 μm. Our experiments focused on microbubble behavior under ULM conditions within bifurcating and converging vessel phantoms. We evaluated the impact of bifurcation angles (25, 45, and 55°) and flow rates (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mL/min) on the acquisition time of branching channels. Additionally, we explored the saturation time effect of narrow channels branching off larger ones. Significantly longer acquisition times were observed for the narrow vessels, with an average increase of 72% when a 100 μm channel branched off from a 300 μm channel and an average increase of 90% for a 200 μm channel branching off from a 500 μm channel. The robustness of our fabrication method is demonstrated through the creation of two trifurcating microfluidic phantoms, including one that converges back into a single channel, a configuration that cannot be achieved through traditional methods. This new class of ULM phantoms serves as a versatile platform for noninvasively studying complex flow patterns using ultrasound imaging, unlocking new possibilities for in vitro microvasculature research and imaging optimization.

Simulation of Thermal Infrared Brightness Temperatures from an Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner Onboard a New Generation Chinese Ocean Color Observation Satellite

Since 2002, China has launched four Haiyang-1 (HY-1) satellites equipped with the Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS), which can observe the sea surface temperature (SST). The planned new generation ocean color observation satellites also carry a sensor for observing the SST represented by the payload in this paper. We analyze the spectral brightness temperature (BT) difference between the payload and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra for the thermal infrared channels (11 and 12 µm) based on atmospheric radiative transfer simulation. The bias and standard deviation (SD) of spectral BT difference for the 11 µm channel are −0.12 K and 0.15 K, respectively, and those for the 12 µm channel are −0.10 K and 0.03 K, respectively. When the total column water vapor (TCWV) decreases from the oceans near the equator to high-latitude oceans, the spectral BT difference of the 11 µm channel varies from a positive deviation to a negative deviation, and that of the 12 µm channel basically remains stable. By correcting the MODIS BT observation using the spectral BT differences, we produce the simulated BT data for the thermal infrared channels of the payload, and then validate it using the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) carried on METOP-B. The validation results show that the bias of BT difference between the payload and IASI is −0.22 K for the 11 µm channel, while it is −0.05 K for the 12 µm channel. The SD of both channels is 0.13 K. In this study, we provide the simulated BT dataset for the 11 and 12 µm channels of a payload for the retrieval of SST. The simulated BT dataset corrected may be used to develop SST-retrieval algorithms.