Mixture Of Nitrogen Research Articles

Flame retardant sisal rope: combustion properties and characterization

A new mechano-chemical formulation is developed for making flame resistant sisal fibre rope with low chemical loading. Sisal yarn is treated with a different formulation of ammonium sulfamate (AS) (50 g/L and 100 g/L) by following dip-dry approach at room temperature. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) measures the minimum amount of oxygen required in the mixture of nitrogen and oxygen for burning of the sample. Treated sisal showed LOI values of 28–32 and self-extinguishment in vertical flammability test whereas control sisal yarn showed LOI value of 21 and burnt easily within a minute. Forced combustion results revealed that AS treated sisal yarn exhibited 50% lower peak heat release rate (PHRR) than the control sisal yarn. Sisal yarn based rope was prepared by following braiding technique with three single yarns, using different combinations of untreated and treated sisal yarn. Fire retardant sheath yarn is used to cover the untreated sisal yarn present in the core by twisting or braiding. Rope made from sisal yarn has shown LOI value 30–40. Besides, a new method of simultaneous dyeing and flame retardant finishing of sisal rope is also proposed. The physical properties of the ropes were measured and it was found that the extent of strength loss is statistically insignificant at 95% confidence level. The thermal stability of the AS-treated sisal yarn is measured by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Charring behaviour of the control and AS treated sisal fibre was examined using microscopic images and scanning electron microscopy. Besides, in detail mechanism behind flame retardancy is revealed in the context with the help of XRD and FTIR analysis techniques.

Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow and Temperature Distributions of O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> Gas Mixtures in AOD Nozzles

A two-dimensional CFD model was developed to simulate the fluid flow and temperature distribution in an AOD nozzle using a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen as the fluid phase, aiming at predicting how the outlet gas properties are influenced by the inlet pressure, inner nozzle length/diameter and process gas composition. The proposed mathematical model assumes a steady, non-isothermal flow condition, using the realizable k-ε turbulence model to describe the gas phase. A mesh sensitivity analysis was performed where predictions were compared to experimental data. The results show that the gas properties are mainly dependent on the inlet pressure, nozzle length/diameter and heating condition but less dependent on the composition of the gas mixture. This fundamental model can be applied to provide a process specified boundary condition for gas blowing when simulating a multiphase flow in a full-scale AOD converter.

Finding the bulk viscosity of air from Rayleigh-Brillouin light scattering spectra.

Spectral line shape models can successfully reproduce experimental Rayleigh-Brillouin spectra, but they need knowledge about the bulk viscosity ηb. Light scattering involves GHz frequencies, but since ηb is only documented at low frequencies, ηb is usually left as a free parameter, which is determined by a fit of the model to an experimental spectrum. The question is whether models work so well because of this freedom. Moreover, for light scattering in air, spectral models view "air" as an effective molecule. We critically evaluate the use of ηb as a fit parameter by comparing ηb obtained from fits of the Tenti S6 model to the result of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) for a mixture of Nitrogen and Oxygen. These simulations are used to compute light scattering spectra, which are then compared to experiments. The DSMC simulation parameters are cross-checked with a molecular dynamics simulation based on intermolecular potentials. At large values of the uniformity parameter y, y ≈ 4, where the Brillouin contribution to spectra is large, fitted ηb are 20% larger than the ones from DSMC, while the quality of the simulated spectra is comparable to that of the Tenti S6 line shape model. At smaller y, the difference between fitted and simulated ηb can be as large as 100%. We hypothesize the breakdown of the bulk viscosity concept to be the cause of this fallacy.

Bulk Viscosity of Dilute Gases and Their Mixtures

In this work, we use the Green–Kubo method to study the bulk viscosity of various dilute gases and their mixtures. First, we study the effects of the atomic mass on the bulk viscosity of dilute diatomic gas by estimating the bulk viscosity of four different isotopes of nitrogen gas. We then study the effects of addition of noble gas on the bulk viscosity of dilute nitrogen gas. We consider mixtures of nitrogen with three noble gases, viz., neon, argon, and krypton at eight different compositions between pure nitrogen to pure noble gas. It is followed by an estimation of bulk viscosity of pure oxygen and mixtures of nitrogen and oxygen for various compositions. In this case, three different composition are considered, viz., 25% N2 + 75% O2, 50% N2 + 50% O2, and 78% N2 + 22% O2. The last composition is aimed to represent the dry air. A brief review of works that study the effects of incorporation of bulk viscosity in analysis of various flow situations has also been provided.

Supersonic Shrouding Methane Mixtures for Supersonic Combustion Coherent Jets

A coherent jet oxygen supply plays a key role in the process of electric arc furnace steelmaking: it provides the necessary oxygen for the smelting of molten steel and promotes the flow of the molten pool. Compared with coherent jets in current use, the supersonic combustion coherent jet shrouded in supersonic methane gas could improve the impact capacity and stirring intensity of the molten pool. In order to reduce the smelting cost, the characteristics of the supersonic combustion coherent jet shrouding the supersonic methane and nitrogen mixtures must be studied. Computational fluid dynamics software is used to simulate the supersonic combustion coherent jet under various methane–nitrogen mixing conditions. The six-component combustion mechanism of methane and the Eddy Dissipation Concept combustion reaction model are selected. In agreement with thermal experiments, the simulation results show that the inclusion of a small amount of nitrogen has little effect on the combustion of supersonic shrouding methane gas. However, as the nitrogen content increases, the combustion region of supersonic shrouding gas becomes shorter in length, resulting in decreases in the lengths of the high-temperature, low-density region, and the high-turbulence-intensity region. These effects weaken the ability of the shrouding gas to envelop the main oxygen jet. The potential core length of the main oxygen jet decreases significantly; this decrease first accelerates and then decelerates. These results demonstrate the feasibility of including a small amount of nitrogen (about 10 wt%) in the supersonic shrouding methane gas without substantial negative impacts on the characteristics of the supersonic combustion coherent jet.

Numerical Simulation of Carbon Dioxide–Nitrogen Mixture Dissolution in Water-Saturated Porous Media: Considering Cross-Diffusion Effects

The possibility of impure carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration can reduce the cost of these projects and facilitate their widespread adoption. Despite this, there are a limited number of studies that address impure CO2 sequestration aspects. In this study, we examine the convection–diffusion process of the CO2–nitrogen (N2) mixture dissolution in water-saturated porous media through numerical simulations. Cross-diffusion values, as the missing parameters in previous studies, are considered here to see the impact of N2 impurity on dissolution trapping in more realistic conditions. Homogeneous porous media are used to examine this impact without side effects from the heterogeneity, and then simulations are extended to heterogeneous porous media, which are a good representative of the real fields. Heterogeneity in the permeability field is generated with sequential Gaussian simulation. Using the averaged dissolved CO2 and dissolution fluxes for each case, we could determine the onset of different dissolution regimes and behaviors of dissolution fluxes in CO2–N2 mixture dissolution processes. The results show that there is a notable difference between the pure cases and impure cases. Additionally, a failure to recognize the changes in the diffusion matrix and cross-diffusion effects can result in significant errors in the dissolution process. At lower temperatures, the N2 impurity decreases the amount and flux of CO2 dissolution; however, at higher temperatures, sequestrating the CO2–N2 mixture would be a more reasonable choice due to enhancing the dissolution behavior and lowering the project costs. The results of the heterogeneous cases indicate that heterogeneity, in most cases, reduces the averaged dissolved CO2, and dissolution flux and impedes the onset of convection. We believe that the results of this study set a basis for future studies regarding the CO2–N2 mixture sequestration in saline aquifers.

A Laboratory Observation for Gases Transport in Shale Nanochannels: Helium, Nitrogen, Methane, and Helium-Methane Mixture

A Laboratory Observation for Gases Transport in Shale Nanochannels: Helium, Nitrogen, Methane, and Helium-Methane Mixture

НЕЙРОПРОТЕКТИВНЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ КРИПТОНА ПРИ ФОТОИНДУЦИРОВАННОМ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОМ ИНСУЛЬТЕ У КРЫС

The study aims to assess the effect of a two-hour inhalation with a krypton and oxygen mixture following the photo-induced cerebral infarction simulation on the manifestation of neurological deficits and the degree of brain injury in rats. The tests were conducted on male Wistar rats weighting 250 to 300 g (n = 20). Following photo-induced cerebral infarction simulation, the rodents underwent inhalation with a nitrogen and oxygen mixture N2 70%/O2 30% (group Nitrogen; n = 10) or a krypton and oxygen gas mixture Kr 70%/O2 30% (group Krypton; n = 10) for two hours. For the next 14 days, the rats were examined. On the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days, the authors performed a neurological test Limb placement, as well as euthanasia and brain removal for histological and mmunohistochemical examinations. It was determined that a two-hour inhalation with a krypton and oxygen gas mixture substantiated more prominent rehabilitation of rats’ neurological states by the seventh day, as well as increased the reparation and regeneration of their injured brains.

Numerical Simulation Study of Methane Gas Hydrates Production by Using Gas Injection

Methane gas hydrate is a solid inclusion compound composed of gas and water, which is stable under high pressure and low temperature. However, the required natural gas exploration method is different from the usual traditional gas reservoir development. The exchange of methane with carbon dioxide is a leading unconventional technology for the production of natural gas hydrate. The production process of methane gas hydrate is simulated by using CMG STAR reservoir simulation software. The ability of CH4 in hydrate exchanged by injected CO2 gas and CO2-N2 mixed gas is compared, and the exchange situation of CO2-CH4 is evaluated. The results show that carbon dioxide injected into the process of methane hydrate formation has the ability to seal carbon dioxide in the form of carbon dioxide hydrate while recovering methane. A mixture of 78% nitrogen and 22% carbon dioxide produces 76.7% methane, while methane using only carbon dioxide produces 61%. Methane recovery increases with the increase of reservoir temperature and permeability. CH4-CO2 exchange technology through gas injection into hydrate reservoirs is feasible in practical oilfields, and natural gas production can be increased by injecting a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide

Aerodynamic Analysis of an Entry Capsule at Titan in Transition Regime

The interest of the scientific community in Titan, Saturn’s largest moon, is still strong. In fact, after the successful Cassini–Huygens mission, which landed the Huygens capsule on Titan, other missions are planned in the coming years. The aims of this work are to provide the extent of global aerodynamic force, to provide thermal and aerodynamic loads on a capsule entering Titan atmosphere, and to evaluate the effects of chemistry on 1) flowfield parameters, 2) surface catalyticity, 3) temperature and pressure distributions on a heat shield, and 4) global aerodynamic force. To develop this study, the authors used the Huygens capsule and related entry trajectory. The study was carried out in the altitude interval of 295–470 km by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo codes: DS2V for the solution of two-dimensional/axisymmetric flowfields, and DS3V for the solution of three-dimensional flowfields. The Titan atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, methane, and argon. The chemical model is made of 221 reactions, making gas around the capsule a mixture of 18 species. Chemistry strongly influences local aerodynamic quantities, both in the flowfield and on the capsule surface; whereas the chemical effects on the global aerodynamic force are negligible. Our computations also verified the lack of ionization.

A Novel Approach of Microstructure Refinement of TiAl in Laser Beam Welding

Grain refinement through borides is known to be suppressed when TiAl is welded with a laser beam. As β grains do not primarily nucleate on boride at a high cooling rate, a mixture of nitrogen and argon is applied as a protecting gas for the formation of TiN during solidification. The phase transformation is changed correspondingly from Liquid → Liquid + β → β → α + β → α + γ+ β → α2 + γ + B2 to Liquid → TiN + Liquid → β+ TiN → α + γ + TiN → α2 + γ+ TiN. It is found that β grains prefer to nucleate heterogeneously on the suspending TiN in the melt with orientation relationship {111}TiN//{110}β, leading to refined β grains. α2 colonies that were thus modified into fine non-dendritic grains. The effects of nitrogen as a shielding atmosphere on the microstructure evolution of TiAl are elaborately studied.

Evaluation of the mechanical properties and machinability of chromium and molybdenum-added powder metallurgy steels

The present study focuses on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and machining aspects of powder metallurgy (PM) steel containing different rates of chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo). PM steel alloys were pressed at 700 MPa and sintered at 1400°C in a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere for 1 hour. While the precipitates and fracture surfaces of the samples obtained were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and EDS analyzes, the grain size and phase distributions were also examined with an optical microscope. Moreover, tensile and hardness measurement tests were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the samples with different ratios of Cr and Mo content. The milling experiments were also performed without using coolant in a CNC milling machine at different cutting parameters. The surface roughness (Ra), tool wear (Vb), and wear mechanism were investigated under these conditions. The outcomes of this study reveal that the yield and tensile strength values of the samples with the addition of Cr and Mo increased but the elongation value decreased. The results also stated that the most effective process parameter for both Vb and Ra was the workpiece material and the regression models developed to estimate the output parameters (Vb and Ra) give successful results with high determination coefficients (R2) of 98.05% and 98.11%, respectively.

In Silico Screening of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Zeolites for He/N2 Separation.

In silico screening of 10,143 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and 218 all-silica zeolites for adsorption-based and membrane-based He and N2 separation was performed. As a result of geometry-based prescreening, structures having zero accessible surface area (ASA) and pore limiting diameter (PLD) less than 3.75 Å were eliminated. So, both gases can be adsorbed and pass-through MOF and zeolite pores. The Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) methods were used to estimate the Henry's constants and self-diffusion coefficients at infinite dilution conditions, as well as the adsorption capacity of an equimolar mixture of helium and nitrogen at various pressures. Based on the obtained results, adsorption, diffusion and membrane selectivities as well as membrane permeabilities were calculated. The separation potential of zeolites and MOFs was evaluated in the vacuum and pressure swing adsorption processes. In the case of membrane-based separation, we focused on the screening of nitrogen-selective membranes. MOFs were demonstrated to be more efficient than zeolites for both adsorption-based and membrane-based separation. The analysis of structure-performance relationships for using these materials for adsorption-based and membrane-based separation of He and N2 made it possible to determine the ranges of structural parameters, such as pore-limiting diameter, largest cavity diameter, surface area, porosity, accessible surface area and pore volume corresponding to the most promising MOFs for each separation model discussed in this study. The top 10 most promising MOFs were determined for membrane-based, vacuum swing adsorption and pressure swing adsorption separation methods. The effect of the electrostatic interaction between the quadrupole moment of nitrogen molecules and MOF atoms on the main adsorption and diffusion characteristics was studied. The obtained results can be used as a guide for selection of frameworks for He/N2 separation.

IoT Based Food Monitoring System

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Trace gases and other various mixtures of gases comprises the Earth’s atmosphere. Trace gas is usually in small portion and is a mixture of gases include carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, argon, neon etc. The concentration of these trace has have increased in recent past and have a adverse effect on human health. So, it is very important to determine these gases. Over the last few decades, sensors have developed its applications in several fields of technology. In this paper, IoT framework is provided for food monitoring system for protection of food due to surrounding conditions with array of low cost sensors. The proposed work analyzes temperature, humidity and gas emitted by food as these parameters affect nutritional value of the food items and analyzed results will be displayed on LCD and message will be sent to android phone (or any device which access internet) by using application.

Stable Isotope Evaluation of Geothermal Gases from the Kızıldere and Tekke Hamam Geothermal Fields, Western Anatolia, Turkey

Volatiles transported from the Earth’s interior to the surface through permeable faults provide insights on the gas composition of deep reservoirs, mixing and migration processes, and can also be applied as gas-geothermometer. Here, we present carbon (δ13C), hydrogen (δ2H) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic data of CO2, CH4, and N2 from gas samples collected from the Kızıldere and Tekke Hamam geothermal fields, located along the eastern segment of the Büyük Menderes Graben, Turkey. The stable isotopic composition of carbon (δ13C) ranges from +0.30 to +0.99‰ (PDB) for CO2 from Kızıldere and is slightly more variable (−0.95 to +1.3‰) in samples from Tekke Hamam. Carbon isotope data in combination with CO2/3He data reveal that ~97% (Tekke Hamam) to ~99% (Kızıldere) of CO2 derives from limestone sources, with the residual CO2 being magmatic in origin with no evidence for CO2 from organic sources. The slightly higher contribution of limestone-derived CO2 in Kızıldere, compared to Tekke Hamam can be attributed to the higher temperatures of the Kızıldere reservoir and resulting amplified fluid–limestone interaction, as well as helium depletion during phase separation for Kızıldere samples. In contrast to the carbon isotopic composition of CO2, the δ13C values of methane from Kızıldere and Tekke Hamam are clearly distinct and vary between −23.6 and −20.8‰ for Kızıldere and −34.4 and −31.7‰ for Tekke Hamam, respectively. The δ2H-CH4 composition is also distinct, measured as −126.7‰ for Kızıldere and −143.3‰ for Tekke Hamam. CO2-CH4 carbon isotope geothermometry calculations based on the isotopic fractionation of δ13C between the dominant component CO2 and the minor component CH4 reveals temperatures 20–40 °C and 100–160 °C higher than the bottom–hole temperatures measured for Tekke Hamam and Kızıldere, respectively. Based on the CO2-CH4 carbon isotope disequilibrium, unusual high methane concentrations of ~0.3 to 0.4 vol.-% and CH4/3He-δ13C-CH4 relationships we suggest thermal decomposition of late (Tekke Hamam) to over-mature (Kızıldere) organic matter and, to some extent, also abiogenic processes as principal source of methane. The N2/36Ar ratios of most samples reveal the existence of a non–atmospheric nitrogen component within the gas mixture issuing from both fields, in addition to a constant contribution of atmospheric derived nitrogen accompanied into the system via the meteoric recharge of the geothermal system. Based on the δ15N isotopic ratios (varying between −4.44‰ and 4.54‰), the non–atmospheric component seems to be a mixture of both sedimentary (crustal organic) and mantle nitrogen. The thick Pliocene sedimentary sequence covering the metamorphic basement is the likely major source for the thermogenic content of CH4 and crustal N2 gas content in the samples.

Analysis of the Efficiency of Technologies for Extraction Carbon Dioxide from Combustion Products

The main purpose of the article is to compare and analyze existing technologies for extracting carbon dioxide from combustion products in relation to mini-CHP plants operating on local fuels. The article presents a brief overview of the main technical features of the implementation of carbon dioxide extraction technologies from gas mixtures. The specific features and limitations for each of the methods are shown. Mathematical modeling of technological processes of adsorption, physical and chemical absorption is carried out on the basis of Aspen Hysys and Aspen Adsorption software packages. When modeling absorption processes, the composition of combustion products characteristic of the actual operating conditions of an energy source on wood chips was considered, while for the adsorption process, the composition of combustion products was simulated by a binary mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen with a molar content of 11 and 89 %, respectively. The results of numerical research that were obtained have shown that the highest degree of carbon dioxide extraction from combustion products is 97 %, and it is achieved in the optimal mode of implementation of chemical absorption technology. With the same method, the highest degree of purity of the resulting carbon dioxide is observed, viz. 86 % taking into account water vapor and 99 % if it is dry. The least effective technology for extracting carbon dioxide was the method of physical absorption in a fixed bed, in which the degree of purity of the resulting dry carbon dioxide was 79 %. Therefore, for practical use in the deep utilization of combustion products of mini-CHP plants operating on local fuels, to obtain carbon dioxide with a low content of impurities, it is necessary to apply the method of chemical absorption. The use of physical absorption technology in a fixed bed can be used to reduce energy source emissions or in cases where the degree of purity of carbon dioxide does not matter.

Thermal reaction characteristics and microstructure evolution of aluminium nano-powder in various mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen atmosphere

Aluminium nano-powder has a small particle size, large specific surface area, and high surface energy, therefore when using it, the risk of fires or explosions is high. In this study, synchronous thermal analyser was used to determine the thermal reaction characteristics of aluminium nano-powder for various oxygen and nitrogen mixtures. The results showed that the oxidation behaviour of aluminium nano-powder could be considered to occur in four stages, according to the characteristic temperature points and polymorphic phase changes. Under experimental heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min, the mass gain and thermal effects of the samples were tested, and also for different oxygen concentrations of 9, 15, and 21 vol%. Changes in the microstructure of the samples were analysed. Oxide layer thickness was found to increase as temperature increased, and this trend was the same for mass change. Surface morphology images of the aluminium particles exhibited agglomeration, melting deformation, rupture, and fragmentation at the different pretreated temperatures of 500, 650, 800, and 900 °C. The results of this study could be used as a basis for exploring oxidation kinetics, and had significance for explosion-proofing technology, particularly with respect to aluminium nano-powder.

Agreement of somatic and renal near-infrared spectroscopy with reference blood samples during a controlled hypoxia sequence: a healthy volunteer study

Purpose: O3® Regional Oximetry (Masimo Corporation, California, USA) is validated for cerebral oximetry. We aimed to assess agreement of somatic and renal near-infrared spectroscopy with reference blood samples. Methods: O3 sensors were placed bilaterally on the quadriceps and flank of 26 healthy volunteers. A stepped, controlled hypoxia sequence was performed by adding a mixture of nitrogen and room air to the breathing circuit. O3-derived oxygen saturation values were obtained at baseline and at six decremental saturation levels (5% steps). Blood samples (radial artery, iliac vein (somatic reference) and renal vein) were obtained at each step. Reference values were calculated as: 0.7 × venous saturation + 0.3 × arterial saturation. The agreement between O3-derived values with blood reference values was assessed by calculating root-mean-square error accuracy and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The root-mean-square error accuracy was 6.0% between quadriceps oxygen saturation and somatic reference values. The mean bias was 0.8%, with limits of agreement from -7.7 to 9.3%. These were 5.1% and 0.6% (-8.3 to 9.5%) for flank oxygen saturation and somatic reference values, respectively, and 7.7% and -4.9% (-15.0 to 5.2%) for flank oxygen saturation and renal reference values. The kidney depth was 3.1 ± 0.9 cm below the skin. Conclusion: O3 regional oximetry can be used on the quadriceps and flank to monitor somatic saturation, yet has a saturation-level dependent bias. O3-derived values obtained at the flank underestimated renal reference values. Additionally, it is unlikely that the flank sensors did directly measure renal tissue. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04584788): registered October 6th, 2020.

Boiling line and near-critical maxima of propane-nitrogen mixtures.

It is well known that some thermodynamic quantities demonstrate maxima in the vicinity of a critical point. The lines of these maxima in the density-temperature or pressure-temperature planes are called "Widom lines." The behavior of Widom lines of one-component fluids has already been well studied in a number of papers by different authors. However, up to now the understanding of Widom lines in binary mixtures is still lacking. In this paper we study the boiling curve and the near-critical maxima of mixtures of nitrogen and propane by means of molecular dynamics simulation. We calculate the boiling curves and estimate the critical temperatures in a set of concentrations from pure nitrogen to pure propane. The influence of the composition of the mixture on the Widom lines of the system is evaluated. We find that the mixture of propane and nitrogen behaves as a type I mixture in the van Konynenburg-Scott classification, i.e., when the concentration is changed, the critical point and the corresponding Widom lines continuously shift in the density-temperature plane.

Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Air as a Mixture by Using Schreiber-Pitzer EoS

Air is one of the most important substances used in industrial and technological applications. Applications of air require a consistent set of reliable data on its thermodynamic and thermophysical properties. Over the last few decades, researchers have developed a number of empirical and theoretical models for the correlation and prediction of the thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of pure fluids and mixtures. The ideal gas Equation of State (EoS) is used in gas thermodynamic property calculations extensively, but in applications with higher pressure zones, the error levels are increasing. For most applications, an equation of state with better accuracy of thermodynamic properties will be required for extreme cases. In this study, Schreiber-Pitzer EoS is considered for better accuracy of the thermodynamic properties for air mixture. A set of computer programs were developed in java language to calculate the thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of air as a mixture of Nitrogen, Oxygen and Argon. The Schreiber-Pitzer EoS results are compared with Peng-Robinson EoS, Redlich-Kwong EoS, Van der Waals EoS, and ideal gas EoS utilizing cubic spline curve fitting for cp values. The thermodynamic and thermophysical property results and percentages of differences are calculated. The percentages of differences are increasing with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature.