Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Lac-based-Biosynthesis of Zinc-Copper Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of their Antifungal Activity against A.alternata and F. oxysporum

Lac-based-Biosynthesis of Zinc-Copper Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of their Antifungal Activity against A.alternata and F. oxysporum

Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Based Ceramics: A Comprehensive Exploration of Film Formation and Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis

Due to its strong ionic conductivity and superior mechanical qualities, zirconia-based ceramics are frequently used in electrochemical devices. Today, zirconium oxychloride octahydrate and ethanol have been developed for the purpose of reducing zirconium thin films on glass, single-crystal silicon p-type, substrates. The phase composition and properties of the films, as well as the physicochemical processes involved in film formation, have all been investigated. Zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles with various physicochemical properties can be created using a variety of synthetic processes in conjunction with additional variables like concentration, PH, type of precursor utilized, etc. In order to create zirconia mixed metal oxide nanoparticles, many synthetic techniques, including sol-gel, hydrothermal, and coprecipitation methods are discussed in this article.

A New Approach to Single‐Step Fabrication of TiOx‐CeOx Nanoparticles

Mixed metal oxide (MMO) nanoparticles (NPs) are hybrids consisting of two or more nanoscale metal oxides. Advantages of MMO NPs over single metal oxides include improved catalytic activity, enhanced electrical and magnetic properties, and increased thermal stability due to the synergy of the different oxide components. This study presents a novel fabrication route for TiO2‐CeO2 NPs enriched with oxygen vacancies using a Haberland‐type gas aggregation cluster source. The NPs, deposited from different segmented Ti/Ce targets under varying O2 addition, were examined with respect to final composition, morphology, and Ti, Ce surface oxidation states. Particle formation mechanisms are proposed for the observed morphologies. Additionally, available O2 during deposition and its impact on the formation of defective sites were investigated. Defective sites in TiO2‐CeO2 NPs were analyzed using transfer to X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy without contact to ambient oxygen. The incorporation of Ce to the target exhibits synergistic effects on the synthesis process. Segmented Ti/Ce targets enable the deposition of a broad range of mixed oxide NPs with diverse compositions and morphologies at considerably enhanced deposition rates, which is vital for practical applications. The presented fabrication approach is expected to be applicable for a broad variety of MMO NPs.

Morphostructural studies of pure and mixed metal oxide nanoparticles of Cu with Ni and Zn

Nano-scale interactions between pure metal or metal-oxide components within an oxide matrix can improve functional performance over basic metal oxides. This study reports on the synthesis of monometallic (CuO), bimetallic (CuO–NiO) and trimetallic (CuO–NiO–ZnO) oxide nanoparticles (NPs) via the co-precipitation method and investigation of morphostructural properties. All of the synthesized metal oxide NPs were calcined at 550 °C temperature and annealed under vacuum. In this work, we applied Scherrer formula, modified Scherrer equation, Williamson-Hall plots, and Halder-Wagner plots to calculate the average crystallite size. The XRD data analysis showed that average crystallite sizes of the as-synthesized metal oxide phases were between 4 nm and 76 nm and average diameters calculated from SEM image were between 15 nm and 83 nm. The XRD studies also disclosed that average crystallite size and lattice microstrain of the CuO phases remain almost same (43 nm–46 nm and 2.074×10−3 to 2.665×10−3) for pure CuO and mixed CuO–NiO; but in case of mixed CuO–NiO–ZnO it is found to decrease in size to 11 nm where lattice microstrain increases to 9.653×10−3. Line broadening of diffraction peaks from microstrain contribution was between 0.02 and 0.01. Degree of crystallinity (%) of CuO phases found to decrease from 81 to 71. Dislocation density of CuO phases found to increase from 6.63×10−4nm−2 to 12.68×10−3nm−2. X-ray density of CuO phases increased from 6.48 to 6.53 g/cm3. Where this calculated small dislocation density well agreed with the high crystallinity. Crystal structure and specific surface area were determined from lattice constants and X-ray density. These synthesized nanopowders showed the existence of monoclinic, cubic, and hexagonal phases. The obtained NPs of multi-metal oxide explained more than one phases with different size, shape, and morphology at nano scale.

Facile synthesis of CuO-Ag2O hybrid metal oxide composite using carica papaya, cocooning with hydroxyapatite, and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes

The synthetic strategy of mixed metal oxide nanoparticle has emerged to be one of the interesting domains in material science. Here carica papya fruit extract assisted synthesis of silver copper oxide is reported via co precipitation method. For the comparative study, using similar precursor material silver copper mixture composite is synthesized using conventional base via coprecipitation method. The composites were subjected to degradation of methylene blue for observation of its efficiency as a photocatalyst. Hydroxyapatite was obtained from fish bones and was used for encapsulating the composite material. The resultant composite was analysed using XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, XPS and FT-IR techniques. The uncapped composites reported to degrade 90.12 % and 91.5 % of methylene blue within 60 min. The conventionally synthesized composite degraded 30 ppm Bibersch scarlet up to 86.04 % in 40 min under assistance of sunlight. The encapsulated composite was successful in degradation of Brilliant green 89.9 % in 140 min and eosin yellow 92.2 % in 120 min. The catalyst in encapsulated and un encapsulated form reveals its efficiency to be a potential photo catalyst.

Nanoscale Precursor Distribution by Microfluidization for Scalable Production of Highly Efficient Thermocatalysts

AbstractThe preparation of two‐dimensional (2D) materials often requires complicated exfoliation procedures having low yields. The exfoliated nanosheets are prone to thermal aggregation and unsuitable for thermocatalysis. Herein, a scalable approach produces 2D catalyst precursors well‐distributed and mixed at the nanoscale. Using continuous microfluidization and single‐layer layered double hydroxide (LDH) synthesis, the prepared suspension contained exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets and single‐layer LDHs. The increased contact area between h‐BN and LDHs enables the formation of highly dispersed MnCoAl mixed metal oxide nanoparticles anchored on h‐BN nanosheets after calcination. In the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3‐SCR, a representative thermocatalytic application), this nanocomposite demonstrates a record turnover frequency of 0.772 h−1 among reported Mn‐based NH3‐SCR catalysts, with high NOx conversion and high N2 selectivity at low temperatures. By creating 2D precursors mixed at the nanoscale, this new synthetic approach can realize the scalable production of highly efficient thermocatalysts.

Selenium-doped mixed metal oxide nanoparticles decorated on g-C3N4 and MXene sheets as promising bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn–air batteries

The design of bifunctional electrocatalysts to conduct an appropriate oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for high-performance zinc–air batteries is one of the most important challenges for sustainable energy storage devices.

MgxCu0.3Zn0.7-xLayFe2-yO4 Magnetic Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocatalyst: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for One-Pot N-Heterocycle Synthesis

The nano size Cu-Zn ferrite particles substituted to Mg2+ and La3+ having general chemical formula MgxCu0.3Zn0.7-xLayFe2-yO4 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5; and y = 0.0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10) prepared through sol-gel method. The prepared mixed metal oxide nanoparticles were characterized employing techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. The prepared MgxCu0.3Zn0.7-xLayFe2-yO4 magnetic nanoparticles were used as a efficient, recoverable and heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of quinoxalines 3(a–g) and 1,5-benzodiazepines 5(a–h) under mild reaction conditions in good yields. The recyclability of catalyst was tested for five times without significant decrease in the catalytic activity. Catalyst has been used for the synthesis of different derivatives of quinoxalines in short time (20 to 30 min) with 90 -97% yield. Also, different derivatives of 1,5-benzodiazepines have been synthesized in short time (15 to 30 min) with 89 -98% yield using the catalyst.

Bacterial cell permeability study by metal oxide and mixed metal oxide nanoparticles: analysis of the factors contributing to the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles.

In this work, we investigate the nanoparticle-cell wall interaction by NiO and mixed metal oxide CuO-NiO nanoparticles. We have synthesized and characterized the nanoparticles using XRD, FESEM, EDS, UV vis. spectroscopy, FTIR, Zeta, and TEM analysis in our previous work. Furthermore, a preliminary antibacterial study showed that both the nanoparticles performed very well as antibacterial agents. In this extended work, we investigate the mechanism of interaction of NiO and CuO-NiO nanoparticles with S. aureus and E. coli cells as there are number of studies for antibacterial mechanism of CuO nanoparticles. The uptake of crystal violet dye in the outer bacterial membrane, the release of ß-galactosidase enzyme, and relative electric conductivity assay were used to investigate changes in the permeability and integrity of the cell membrane. Superoxide ions, which are produced intracellularly as ROS by nanoparticles, severely damage bacterial membranes. Zeta potential measurement, which resulted in surface charge neutralization, proved membrane instability. FTIR analysis was used to identify changes in the proteins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids that make up the chemical composition of cell surfaces. AFM imaging demonstrated extensive alteration of the nanomechanical and surface characteristics. Confocal microscopy examination supported the DNA fragmentation and nanoparticle-cell adhesion. Due to their enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to monometallicoxide nanoparticles, this study demonstrated that mixed metal oxides can be employed in the health and biomedical sectors.

Crystal structure, optical and electrochemical studies of mixed metal oxide nanoparticles and their application in photodegradation of methylene blue

Crystal structure, optical and electrochemical studies of mixed metal oxide nanoparticles and their application in photodegradation of methylene blue

THE GREEN PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE ZnAl2O4 AND ITS SUPERIOR CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES

In this study, nanosized ZnAl2O4 was prepared using plant extract, Cymbopogan citratus (lemon grass) to examine their catalytic activity towards the synthesis of 2-aryl-substituted benzimidazole derivatives. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-visible Diffuse Reflectance (DRS) spectra were used for comprehending the character of the produced catalysts. The XRD findings showed that the mixed metal oxide nanoparticles' size distribution ranges from 1 to 11 nm. To the best of our knowledge, the nanometer-sized ZnAl2O4 is found to be the most active catalyst in the condensation reactions, performed in this study. It was found that when the catalyst is recycled, the catalytic performance has not been changed.

Facile Synthesis and Characterizations of Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for the Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B and Congo Red Dyes.

Photocatalytic degradation has been suggested to be a cheap and efficient way to dispose of organic pollutants, such as dyes. Therefore, our research team strives to produce nanophotocatalysts in a simple and inexpensive way. In this work, the Pechini sol-gel technique was employed for the facile synthesis of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/Fe2O3 and Fe0.5Mn0.5Co2O4/Fe2O3 as mixed metal oxide nanoparticles for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and Congo Red dyes. XRD, FT-IR, a N2 adsorption/desorption analyzer, EDS, FE-SEM, and an UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer were used to characterize the produced samples. The XRD patterns revealed that the average crystallite size of the Fe0.5Mn0.5Co2O4/Fe2O3 and Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/Fe2O3 samples is 90.25 and 80.62 nm, respectively. The FE-SEM images revealed that the Fe0.5Mn0.5Co2O4/Fe2O3 sample consists of cubic and irregular shapes with an average diameter of 1.71 µm. Additionally, the Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/Fe2O3 sample consists of spherical shapes with an average diameter of 0.26 µm. The energy gaps of the Fe0.5Mn0.5Co2O4/Fe2O3 and Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/Fe2O3 samples are 3.50 and 4.3 eV and 3.52 and 4.20 eV, respectively. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the complete degradation of 100 mL of 20 mg/L of Rhodamine B and Congo Red dyes occurred at pH = 8 and 3, respectively, within 50 min, using 0.1 g of the synthesized samples.

Liquid-diffusion electrode with core-shell structured mixed metal oxide catalyst for near-zero polarization in chlor-alkali electrolysis

Chlor-alkali electrolysis is a key industrial process for the production of chlorine gas, caustic soda, and hydrogen fuels. Here, we demonstrate that a Ti foam electrode, which has a diffusion layer of liquid reactant, deposited with a thin layer of core/shell-structured mixed metal oxide nanoparticles enables almost zero polarization in the range of hundreds of mA cm−2 towards the chlorine evolution reaction (CER), using noble-metals 20 times lower than commercial electrode. The fast charge-transfer kinetics induce near-zero overpotential at low current densities, while the high mass transport rates aided by porous channels lead to unprecedentedly high CER performance (LSV derived overpotentials of 9 and 44 mV at 10 and 500 mA cm−2 with Faradaic efficiency of 99.1% and 86.1% in 5.0 M NaCl). Under practical chlor-alkali process conditions, the RNTO/Ti foam exhibited remarkable performance as a bifunctional electrode for CER and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with overpotential of 11 mV for HER.

Role of Defects on the Particle Size-Capacitance Relationship of Zn-Co Mixed Metal Oxide Supported on Heteroatom-Doped Graphenes as Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors are considered among the most promising electrical energy storage devices, there being a need to achieve the highest possible energy storage density. Herein small mixed Zn-Co metal oxide nanoparticles are grown on doped graphene (O-, N- and, B-doped graphenes). The electrochemical properties of the resulting mixed Zn-Co metal oxide nanoparticles (4nm) grown on B-doped graphene exhibit an outstanding specific capacitance of 2568 F g-1 at 2A g-1 , ranking this B-doped graphene composite among the best performing electrodes. The energy storage capacity is also remarkable even at large current densities (i.e., 640 F g-1 at 40A g-1 ). In contrast, larger nanoparticles are obtained using N- and O-doped graphenes as support, the resulting materials exhibiting lower performance. Besides energy storage, the Zn-Co oxide on B-doped graphene shows notable electrochemical performance and stability obtaining a maximum energy density of 77.6 W h Kg-1 at 850W Kg-1 , a power density of 8500W Kg-1 at 28.3 W h Kg-1 , and a capacitance retention higher than 85% after 5000 cycles. The smaller nanoparticle size and improved electrochemical performance on B-doped graphene-based devices are attributed to the higher defect density and nature of the dopant element on graphene.

Tuning optical, dielectric, and electrical properties of Polyethylene oxide/Carboxymethyl cellulose doped with mixed metal oxide nanoparticles for flexible electronic devices

In the current study, cast synthesis was used to quickly create flexible composite films made of PEO (Polyethylene oxide), CMC (Carboxymethyl cellulose), and ZnO/GO NPs as nanofiller. XRD and FTIR spectroscopy were used to examine the structure of the nanocomposites. They demonstrated the PEO/CMC blend's effective interaction with the ZnO/GO NPs. The UV–Vis optical absorbance was used to estimate the optical properties of pure PEO/CMC blend and nanocomposites films, including energy band gap and Urbach energy. Calculations were made to determine optical properties such as the Urbach energy and energy band gap. With an increase in ZnO/GO NPs weight percentage, the energy band gap decreased, and Urbach energy increased. The ionic conductivity of the polymer nanocomposites has been examined using AC-impedance spectroscopy. The greater ionic conductivity (σ) ∼10–9 S/cm is obtained for PEO/CMC film, and it was increased to ∼ 10–7 S/cm at room temperature by adding 8% ZnO/GO nanofiller. While the AC electrical conductivity increases with frequency, the values of ε′ and ε″ of PEO/CMC- ZnO/GO NPs nanocomposites reduce as the frequency of the electric field increases. It was discovered that the concentration elevation of ZnO/GO NPs increased the values of ε′ and ε″ in the nanocomposites. PEO/CMC–8wt%ZnO/GO nanocomposite having improved optical, dielectric, and electrical properties can be used in various industrial applications such as electric and optoelectronic devices.

Influence of surface modified mixed metal oxide nanoparticles on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of polyurethane matrix

Influence of surface modified mixed metal oxide nanoparticles on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of polyurethane matrix

Effect of reinforcement of mixed metal oxide nanoparticles in polyurethane resin for barrier and dynamic mechanical properties of steel structures

PurposeThis study aims to study the effect of the reinforcement of mixed CeO2-ZrO2 nanoparticles in the polyurethane (PU) for protection properties of steel structures.Design/methodology/approachElectrochemical techniques were used to study the anticorrosion properties of the generated PU/CeO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite coated steel. Dynamic mechanical testing was done to investigate the mechanical properties.FindingsIn natural seawater, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments indicated outstanding protective behaviour for the PU/CeO2-ZrO2-coated steel. The coating resistance of the PU/CeO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite coating was found to be roughly 30% greater than that of the PU coating. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of the coated steel surface revealed that the CeO2-ZrO2 was accumulated at the corrosion products, preventing the corrosion. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that when the nanoparticle concentration was 3 Wt.%, the PU/CeO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite coating had improved dynamic mechanical parameters.Originality/valueThe coating resistance of the PU/CeO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite was determined to be 2999.17 kΩ.cm2. The perceived current by scanning electrochemical microscopy analysis across the PU/CeO2-ZrO2 coating was 1.7 nA. The PU/CeO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite had a good hydrophobic behaviour (WCA: 101o). The newly synthesised PU/CeO2-ZrO2 composite offered great barrier and mechanical properties, preventing material degradation and increase the lifespan of the coated steel. Hence, this form of coating could be used as a viable coating material for industrial purposes.

Cytotoxic and anticancer activity of mixed metal oxide FeO: MnO nanostructures

Cancer is one of the most difficult diseases to treat because of its potential to evolve into a more complicated multidimensional structure over time and spread uncontrollably. Therefore, humanity has yet to fully grasp all aspects of the disease. As a consequence, the development of novel, more effective, and non-hazardous treatments in this field is expanding. As a result of better knowledge of the interaction of nanomaterials with cells, nanobiomaterials have attracted a great deal of interest from researchers in cancer therapy. The biomedical properties of iron oxide nanoparticles provide significant studies on the potential, difficulties, and challenges of cancer nanomedicine. Mixed metal oxide nanoparticles have the ability to overcome all of these difficulties. In this study, mixed oxides of iron and manganese (FeO: MnO) nanostructure were successfully prepared by the chemical co precipitation method. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the most unique organic substance, is used as a biocompatible capping agent for the production of fine nanoparticles. Here, the characterization, cytotoxicity, and anticancer effects of the samples were investigated. The formation of mixed metal oxides of α-Fe2O3: Mn2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), XRD analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) studies of the samples. Structural refinement of the sample is carried out using Rietveld refinement. The magnetic properties of the sample were measured using vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) studies. The cytotoxic effect (L929 cells) and anticancer activity (A549 cells) of the sample on the viability of cells were evaluated by direct observation of cells by an inverted phase contrast microscope and followed by the MTT assay method. The sample showed excellent biocompatibility and anticancer activity. This can be preferable for biomedical applications.

Green Synthesis of Trimetallic Oxides of Mn, Cu, Zn Using Rose Petals and their Antimicrobial Activity

Mixed metal oxides (CuO, ZnO, and MnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the green process which is simple, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and non-toxic. In the green synthesis method, rose petals extracts were used as a reducing and capping agent while salt solutions (CuCl2, MnCl2, and ZnSO4) were used as a precursor that lead to the formation of mixed metal oxides (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs. UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy were used for the analysis of mixed metal oxides (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs, which showed maximum absorbance in the range of 280 to 370 nm. The presence of particular peaks in FTIR verified the synthesis of mixed metal oxide nanoparticles. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of mixed metal oxides (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs were carried out by the disc diffusion method and well diffusion method. Mixed metal oxides (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton simii. So, these mixed metal oxides (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs can be effective in the pharmaceutical sector.
 Keywords: antifungal, antimicrobial, green synthesis, mixed metal oxides nanoparticles (MONPs), rose petals extracts
 Copyright (c) The Authors

Green Synthesis of Mixed Metal Oxide (MnO, CuO, ZnO) Nanoparticles (NPs) using Rose Petal Extract: An investigation of their Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities

In this study, mixed metal oxide (CuO, ZnO, and MnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the green process, which is considered to be simple, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and non-toxic. During the green synthesis method, rose petal extract was used as a reducing and capping agent, while salt solutions (CuCl2, MnCl2, and ZnSO4) were used for the bio-reduction of metal precursors, leading to the formation of mixed metal oxide (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs. UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy were used for the analysis of mixed metal oxide (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs. The results showed maximum absorbance of the mixed metal oxide in the range of 280 to 370 nm. The presence of particular peaks in FTIR verified the synthesis of mixed metal oxide nanoparticles. Subsequently, the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of mixed metal oxide (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs were tested by using the disc diffusion method and well diffusion method. Mixed metal oxide (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs displayed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton simii. Hence, these mixed metal oxide (CuO, ZnO, MnO) NPs can be effectively used in the pharmaceutical sector.
 Keywords: antifungal, antimicrobial, green synthesis, mixed metal oxides nanoparticles (MONPs), rose petals extracts
 Copyright (c) The Authors