Renewable Energy Mix Research Articles

Optimising Malaysia’s power mix for a sustainable future: a multi-scenario modelling approach

PurposeThis study employs advanced modelling to assess the effectiveness of Malaysia’s current energy policies in achieving a low-carbon future. By optimising a 100% renewable energy mix, including energy storage, the research identifies pathways to decarbonise the power sector while minimising costs. These findings will inform the development of future policies.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the Stockholm Environment Institute-developed Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) and Next Energy Modeling system for Optimization (NEMO) to construct and optimise a comprehensive Malaysian power sector model. The model encompasses both electricity supply, including diverse electricity generation sources and demand across key sectors. Three scenarios – existing policy, optimised existing policy and more ambitious policy (near-zero emissions) – are analysed.FindingsSolar photovoltaic (PV) is the dominant technology, but realising its full potential requires significant grid upgrades. While natural gas expansion underpins Malaysia’s decarbonisation strategy, solar and storage offer a cleaner and potentially cost-effective alternative. Rapid technological advancements in clean energy increase stranded asset risk for new gas power plants. Malaysia’s abundant bioenergy resources need more tapping. This can contribute to decarbonisation and rural development. Transitioning to a fully renewable grid necessitates substantial investments in energy storage and grid infrastructure. While falling battery costs and regional interconnection can mitigate costs, careful consideration of potential disruptions and cost fluctuations is essential for resilience.Research limitations/implicationsEnergy sector modelling results are inherently dependent on input assumptions, such as future technology costs, resource availability and fossil fuel prices. These factors can be highly uncertain. While this study did not conduct sensitivity analyses to explore how variations in these assumptions might affect the results (e.g. cost variations across scenarios, technology mix fluctuations), the core findings provide valuable insights into potential decarbonisation pathways for Malaysia’s power sector. Future studies could build upon this work by incorporating sensitivity analyses to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how key results might change under a wider range of future possibilities.Originality/valueThis study co-optimises a 100% renewable energy mix for Malaysia, incorporating a comprehensive range of renewable resources, battery and pumped hydro storage. The research also provides a unique perspective on the interplay of philosophical underpinnings, psychological maturity and energy policy.

Governance, Risks, and Compliance in Fulfilling the New and Renewable Energy Mix at the State Electricity Company (PLN)

Governance, Risks, and Compliance in Fulfilling the New and Renewable Energy Mix at the State Electricity Company (PLN)

Biomass Energy: A Crucial Component in the Renewable Energy Mix

Abstract: This paper examines biomass energy’s essential role in the renewable energy sector as a sustainable and flexible solution to rising global energy demands. It reviews various biomass types, conversion technologies, and their environmental, economic, and social impacts while addressing the challenges limiting biomass adoption compared to other renewables. Prospects for biomass energy are also discussed, focusing on technological advances, policy trends, and its role in supporting global energy transitions. The analysis highlights biomass's potential as a critical contributor to a sustainable energy system, emphasizing that, with appropriate support, it could become a cornerstone of renewable energy strategies to reduce carbon emissions.

Prediction of Performance and Emissions Diesel Engines Fueled-Biodiesel Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Resilient Backpropagation Algorithm (Rprop)

In order to increase energy security and improve environmental quality, the Indonesian Goverment set a target of 23% renewable energy mix in 2025, one of which is the Mandatory Bioediesel Program. A higher biodiesel blending ratio will affect the performance and emissions of diesel engines because biodiesel is chemically different from diesel oil. Research related to the prediction of diesel engine performance and emissions using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been conducted, but the author sees a research opportunity for the implementation of the ANN Resilient Backpropagation (Rprop) algorithm. The data used to create the ANN model prediction was secondary data from previous research. The model designed multi input and multi output (MIMO) with 4 input variables and 7 output variables. Model building done by varying the number of neurons and hidden layers. Model evaluation selected based on the largest coefficient of determination parameter R2 and the smallest RMSE or MAPE. The results showed that the ANN single layer 4-20-7 network architecture is the best model for predicting diesel engine performance and emissions with test data R2 , RMSE and MAPE of 0.962532, 6.699428 and 6.0% respectively, while for overall data testing has a performance of 0.982869, 3.908542 and 4.3%. The results also show that based on the ANN prediction results, the increasing biodiesel ratio can increase NOx emissions and decrease HC, CO and CO emissions2 . In terms of performance, the addition of biodiesel can increase BSFC and BP and decrease BTE. The results also show that the addition of ZnO concentration can reduce emissions while in terms of performance it will increase BTE and reduce BSFC and BP.

Breakthrough on Indonesia’s Energy Policy: Adaptive Governance Perspective for Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP)

Abstract The Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) agreement strives to attain a peak emissions level of 290 Mt CO2eq by 2030 in the power sector while targeting a 34% renewable energy mix. To support these goals, a minimum of 20 billion USD from public sector pledges and private financial institutions is allocated for expedited decarbonisation. This entails retiring coal-fired power plants and concurrently developing renewable energy-based generation. However, implementing the JETP initiative encounters regulatory and technical challenges in Indonesia, arising from conflicting stakeholder interests, inconsistent regulatory frameworks, opposition from established incumbents of fossil fuels industries, and limited implementation capabilities. These barriers pose a significant threat to the efficacy and efficiency of the JETP program. Consequently, enhancing adaptive governance, namely, polycentricity, learning, diversity, deliberation, participation, flexibility, responsiveness, political support, and collaboration, is crucial to mitigate potential obstacles, bolstering the probability of success for the JETP program.

Analysis of Biomass Co-firing Combustion Test using Corn Cobs at Punagaya CFPP as A Green Energy Alternative

Abstract Indonesia is determined to reduce fossil fuels by 2060 set a national renewable energy mix target of 23% by 2025 and be free of fossil fuels by 2060. One of the PLN’s (a national electrical company in Indonesia) efforts to increase carbon emissions reduction and strengthen local new renewable energy is co-firing biomass on CFPP. Indonesia, which is located in a tropical area, has a large potential for biomass resources. Corn cob, one of the biomass types, has a big potential to replace coal as fuel in CFPP especially in Jeneponto Region, South Sulawesi. By utilizing corn cobs as a fuel with a co-firing mechanism, it can generate green energy. The methodology for assessing the corn cob co-firing combustion test’s performance at Punagaya CFPP is presented in this paper. It is based on a multi-criteria assessment designed to examine the technical, financial, and environmental effects of operating parameters with a mixture composition of 95% coal and 5% corn cobs at 70 MW load for 10 hours. From the test results in terms of operational aspects, the parameters have changed but it still in the normal operating range; FEGT increased by 5.3°C, bed temperature increased by 8.9°C, air chamber pressure decreased by 0.05 kPa, and total airflow decreased by 4.5 T/h. From the financial aspect, it has benefited from a decrease in the value of Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), which is 0.014 kg/kWh compared to 100% coal. From the environmental aspect, the overall results of emission parameters are still by environmental quality standards and have decreased for NOx and SO2 parameters.

Determinants of carbon emissions in Kenya and policy implications

Carbon dioxide emissions are the primary greenhouse gasses behind global climate change and its associated effects. Climate change adversely impacts the environment, biodiversity, and human health. The ability to tame carbon dioxide emissions will help in the fight against climate change. However, the recent pace of rising carbon dioxide emissions raises concerns about winning the war against climate change. World leaders are determined to take actions that will lower emissions. Thus, there is a worldwide effort to achieve net-zero emissions. Consequently, it is crucial to comprehend the specific factors that contribute to carbon emissions of specific economies so that countries can develop and enforce effective strategies for reducing carbon output, mitigating the effects of climate change, and improving recovery programs. Despite many empirical studies conducted in Africa on the determinants of carbon emissions, the results remain inconclusive and inadequate, leaving a void for further research. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by modeling the relationship between Kenya's carbon emissions (which have been increasing since the early 2000s), and mobile technology adoption, renewable energy mix, tourism development, development assistance, income, and global financial crises, utilizing the most current data from 1995 to 2021 from the World Bank's database. The ARDL, FMOLS, CCR, and DOLS analysis results reveal that mobile technology, tourism, development aid, and global financial crises increase Kenya's carbon emissions in the long run. At the same time, income and renewable energy reduce short- and long-term impacts. The significant insight from these results is that enhancing renewable energy development, mobile technology, and development assistance can promote a sustainable environment. From these findings, the study proposes many policy recommendations to help decision-makers, communities, companies, and the government in Kenya allocate resources and implement resilience and mitigation policies and programs in the areas most susceptible to the effects of climate change.

Strategic integration of residential electricity: An optimisation model for solar energy utilisation and carbon reduction

The Solar Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (S-CCHP) system, distinct from traditional centralised generation, provides clean energy solutions by installing user-side renewable energy capture facilities like solar panels to address the energy crisis and mitigate global warming. Previous research on the design of S-CCHP for buildings has often emphasised self-sufficiency, with less focus on the role of these systems as energy suppliers on the market. However, it is feasible to install scaled-up solar facilities that generate enough power to export to the grid, reducing grid pressure and enhancing the renewable energy mix. This study analyses the optimal design deployment for electricity within the S-CCHP system, based on the Renewable Energy System for Residential Building Heating and Electricity Production (RESHeat) system installed in Limanowa. It aims to optimise owner energy deployment by strategically integrating electricity generation, hybrid storage, and the electricity market to maximise owner benefits. A Life Cycle Assessment is also conducted to explore greenhouse gas emissions across scenarios with different storage facilities and reuse rates. Results show that the optimal deployment of 264 PV panels, each with a rated power of 440 W, generates 105 MWh annually, resulting in the surplus of 90.18 MWh with a selling price of 115 EUR/MWh. Vanadium redox flow batteries offer the highest revenue (4922.01 EUR) with the lowest storage costs, while lithium-ion batteries have the lowest carbon emissions (1.22 t CO2 eq/y). Sensitivity analysis and revenue break-even analysis are further conducted to assess the robustness and financial viability.

Turkey's wave energy potential: A PESTLE Analysis

Turkey's energy landscape is characterised by a dynamic fusion of nonrenewable and renewable sources, which are crucial for meeting the nation's electricity demands. Sources, such as natural gas and coal derivatives, ensure grid stability, while renewables, such as hydroelectric, solar, and wind power, underscore Turkey's commitment to sustainability. Although there are currently no grid-connected wave energy plants, initiatives such as the OREN Ordu Energy project demonstrate the country's growing interest in wave energy. Turkey aims to integrate wave energy into its renewable energy mix, with the help of supportive regulations and incentives. This will bolster resilience and reduce environmental impact. However, successful integration requires overcoming regulatory hurdles, technological advancements, and environmental concerns. This study discusses the potential of wave energy and the importance of increasing the rate of renewable energy, with a PESTLE analysis.

Towards Integrating Pressure-Sound Piezo Energy Generator in Sports Facility Energy Mix

The paper examines the evolving landscape of energy sources within sports facilities. Traditionally reliant on electrical power and other forms of power from non-renewable resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, these facilities face the inevitability of resource depletion and environmental repercussions. In response, this paper advocates for the adoption of new avenues, including energy conservation, emission reduction, energy recovery, and embracing renewable energy sources. A pioneering focus is on the implementation of a piezoelectric power generation system, tapping into typically wasted sources such as sound and human locomotion. An experimental approach explored the feasibility of such a system in order to ascertain its reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. With applications ranging from powering low-power electronic devices to environmental monitoring sensors, the successful integration of this technology promises a substantial advancement in the use of other renewable energy sources, diminishing reliance on non-renewable sources albeit on a small scale. The paper endeavours to shed light on the potential application of piezoelectric power generation in the electricity production field, aligning with the overarching objective of harvesting energy from unconventional sources and converting it into usable electrical energy. Moreover, it aims to shed light on the potential integration of piezoelectric and audio-electric generators in the energy or renewable energy mix of sports facilities, and address emerging technologies, societal impacts, and strategies to overcome barriers to adoption.

Potential Utilization of Tamblang Dam for Micro Hydro Power Plant to Increase Renewable Energy Mix for Indonesia

Abstract Bali, a prominent tourist destination in Indonesia, faces an increasing demand for electricity, primarily supplied by non-renewable sources. With a target to increase renewable energy mix, Bali focuses on leveraging its water resources, notably Tamblang Dam, for hydroelectric power generation. This research aims to determine the potential utilization of Tamblang Dam as a micro hydro power plant, highlighting its capacity to significantly contribute to renewable energy mix in Indonesia generally and Bali particularly. Analysis reveals a potential electricity generation of 0.52 MW, with an annual hydro power production estimate of 4.57 GWh. Considering discharge availability, height of falling water and efficiency of hydro power system. The research also underscores the project’s economic viability and profitability, emphasizing its role in fostering sustainable energy practices in the region.

Used Cooking Oil Methyl Esther (UCOME) Production on a Pilot Scale in Bali Island, Indonesia, and Its Utilization as a Component Blending for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil

Abstract Indonesia aims to achieve a New & Renewable Energy mix of 23% by 2025, so it is necessary to have policies related to the use of complementary feedstocks in the biofuel development program in Indonesia. Used Cooking Oil (UCO) is a domestic waste with the potential to be utilized as a complementary feedstock due to its abundant availability and almost zero carbon emission. However, to assess the sustainability of UCO utilization, especially as a component blending for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil, it is necessary to identify UCO characteristics and quality of its product, called as UCOME, also the production cost impact. The 10,000 liters of UCO used as feed in the pilot-scale UCOME production came from the household sector and HoReCa (Hotels, Restaurants, and Cafes). It was found that UCO had water content and %FFA ranging from 1421.03 - 1666.74 ppm and 1.7 - 15.9%. Furthermore, the UCOME produced has characteristics that comply with the standard of Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) ISO 8217 and SNI 7182 and has a price in the range of Rp.17,000 - 18,000. The results revealed that the UCO has the potential to be a feedstock for producing UCOME as a blending component for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil.

Simulation of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic for Tourist Accommodation Villa as a Mean to Promote Green Tourism in Bali – Indonesia

Abstract Indonesian government renewable energy mix can be accelerated if tourism industry also contributes to the generation of green electricity such as rooftop solar PV, especially for Bali Province as the world tourist destination with thousands of accommodations spread across the Bali island. In this research, the feasibility analysis to implement rooftop solar PV in Sanctoo Suite and Villa located in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province was carried out using Helioscope software simulation. The design was aimed to maximizing the benefit of free rooftop space with financial investment cost of installation. It was determined to reduce electricity bill of 345 kVA load capacity of the villa operation. Based on the simulation, the rooftop solar capacity of 69.3 kWp was available. Furthermore, the energy output generated by the rooftop solar PV annually was around 106.4 MWh. From financial analysis, the monthly electricity bill saving achieved was on average around 12 %. Further calculation on NPV and IRR shows positive value for feasible investment. It was estimated that the payback period for the investment will be around 18 years. These results showed that installation of rooftop solar PV for tourist accommodation is feasible and will promote green tourism for the industry in Bali.

Analisis dan Desain Floating PV System di Beberapa Waduk Batam untuk Optimalisasi Bauran Energi Terbarukan

The climate crisis caused by the use of fossil fuels is prompting countries around the world to shift to renewable energy. Indonesia has substantial solar energy potential, but this must be balanced with land conservation efforts. PT PLN Batam, a subsidiary of PT PLN (Persero), shares the responsibility of meeting the national renewable energy mix target of 23% by 2025. Adding new power plants requires a large area, which is a significant challenge in the development of both fossil and renewable energy plants in Batam. The floating PV system is an alternative solution to this problem. This study aims to design a floating solar power generation system at Tembesi and Mukakuning Reservoirs, focusing on solar energy potential, energy production, and system design. The results indicate that solar irradiation at both locations reaches 1,650 kWh/m² with an average horizontal PSH of 4.52 hours/day and net PSH Modules of 4.32 hours/day. Energy production in Year-1 is 55.83 GWh with a performance ratio of 81.65%, resulting in annual energy production of 1,345 kWh/kWp. The floating PV system design at Tembesi and Mukakuning Reservoirs consists of 10 islands, each with 19 array boxes and 20 strings per array box, comprising 28 PV modules per string. A total of 106,400 PV modules with a capacity of 390 Wp each is utilized. The system employs 3,125 kVA PV inverters, 7,500 kVA MV transformers, and 35 MVA HV transformers to ensure high efficiency and reliability. The system design also considers environmental durability, including resistance to corrosion and water level fluctuations. Recommendations include optimizing the design based on seasonal variations and implementing effective monitoring and maintenance systems.

Characterization of Wood, Leaves, Barks, and pod wastes from Prosopis africana biomass for biofuel production

One of the approaches for increasing the contribution of biomass to the renewable energy mix is the valorization of biomass to bioenergy. Evaluating the potential of unconventional biomass sources could significantly accelerate the assessment for suitability as feedstock for bioenergy production as a sustainable solution. The study aimed to characterize the Prosopis africana biomass of wood, barks, leaves, and pods towards providing valuable data for scaling up and incorporating these materials into the bioenergy crop database. Characterizations of wood, leaves, barks, and pod wastes from Prosopis africana biomass were investigated based on the proximate, ultimate, and compositional analysis of pulverized samples of the PA biomass to determine their physical, thermal, and chemical properties towards assessing their potential for valorization to bioenergy. The lignocellulosic materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the pulverized sample wastes have porous structures with varying degrees of crystallinity (wood: 89.20 %, bark: 23.90 %, leaves: 32.48 %, pods: 23.08 %), suggesting different susceptibilities to conversion processes. Notably, the wood sample had the lowest moisture content (3.13 %), and the pod sample had the highest volatile matter content (75.83 %), indicating a high potential for biofuel production. The higher heating values (HHV) and lower heating values (LHV) of the samples ranged from 15.23 to 20.49 MJ/kg and 13.83 to 18.79 MJ/kg, respectively. These calorific values are competitive with established lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstocks, positioning PA biomass as promising candidates for solid biofuel applications.

Future-proofing for green hydrogen in the Global South: a procedural justice perspective

Green hydrogen provides one solution for a just transition to a low-carbon economy in the Global South. Absorption of green hydrogen into the energy mix will assist in decarbonising the hard-to-abate sectors, and it may even contribute to the economies of these countries when they transport to the Global North which has excess demand for it. However, this new pivot may also introduce new energy injustices, and this is what this paper focuses on. Through a comparative law analysis of three countries each from the Asia-Pacific (China, Vietnam and Thailand), South America (Brazil, Chile and Colombia) and Africa (South Africa, Kenya and Namibia), and by looking through the lens of procedural justice, this paper marks the first comprehensive examination of this concept for green hydrogen. It analyses the trajectory of these countries in terms of their introduction of green hydrogen into their renewable energy mix. Then there is an assessment of their successes and failures, the identification of gaps in policy, and the role of procedural justice in moving the green hydrogen legal frameworks forward is also examined. Finally, policy solutions to future-proof green hydrogen legal frameworks for the attention of policymakers are advanced.

Energy, exergy, environmental and economy (4E) analysis of the existing of biomass-ORC plant with capacity 150 kWe: A case study

Biomass makes a substantial contribution to Italy’s renewable energy mix. In 2018, 19,235 GWh of energy were created, continuing a trend that began three years earlier. Italy’s demand for biofuel is expected to reach 2.8 million tonnes of oil equivalent by 2025 and remain constant until 2040. Biomass combustion frequently generates high temperatures (900–1000 °C), which justifies the construction of high-temperature heat recovery units such as steam Rankine or supercritical carbondioxide (SCO2) cycles. However, these methods are only economically practical on a medium to large scale. Small-scale units have high component costs because of the high specific volume of steam, while high turbomachinery costs mostly hamper small sCO2 systems. So, another alternative way is to use an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). This study uses thermodynamic analysis to determine how much power can be achieved in terms of energy, exergy, economy and what impact on sustainability is achieved at the Bologna ORC plant. From the study results, it was found that the Bologna unit has a capacity of 150 kWe. When data was collected, the maximum power obtained was 85 kW at a temperature and pressure of 153 °C and 1.84 MPa, respectively. Biomass-ORC investment is economically competitive, with NPV and LCOE values of 238 kE and 0.93 E/kWh, respectively, and a simple payback period of 24 years for residents with yearly energy needs of 2000 h.

Power Sector Under Climate Scenario: A Study of Climate Policy Impact on Indonesia Electricity System

In the sixth assessment report, the IPCC indicates that global temperature increased by 1.11 (±0.13) degrees Celsius in 2019 due to 6.5 gigatons of CO2eq of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The power sector is a major global greenhouse gas emitter, particularly in Indonesia. Indonesia’s electricity sector emitted 149.90 million tons of CO2eq greenhouse gas in 2020, which is expected to increase to 158.30 million tons of CO2eq in 2021. Indonesia has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions according to the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement has been ratified into national law, accommodating Indonesia’s roadmap to net zero by 2060. The emissions reduction target was published in 2022 through the enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). This study aims to analyze the impact of climate policy in Indonesia’s electricity sector to meet the net zero emissions target by 2060. Projection and calculation in this study were conducted using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP). Data from 2020, including electricity demand, existing capacity, energy production, energy intensity, lifetime, and capacity factor, were used to support LEAP analysis. The data were obtained from the PLN statistical book, PLN sustainability report, Indonesia’s statistical book, and climate change mitigation and adaptation reports in Indonesia. This study developed three climate scenarios, including business as usual (BAU), sustainable development (SD), and low-carbon development (LCD). These scenarios draw upon current climate policies that have various impacts on electricity generation in Indonesia. Based on LEAP analysis, by 2060, energy demand is expected to increase to 300.36 MTOE (BAU), 200.93 MTOE (SD), and 76.97 MTOE (LCD). Consequently, each climate scenario requires an increase in installed capacity to 821.82 GW (BAU), 727.06 GW (SD), and 334.58 GW (LCD). The renewable energy mix is projected to be 21% (BAU), 69% (SD), and 100% (LCD). Each scenario requires investment to develop capacity to meet energy demand. The investment cost is estimated to be 1,671.58 million USD (BAU), 1,537.64 million USD (SD), and 816.51 million USD (LCD). GHG emissions are projected to rise to 1,746.31 million tons of CO2eq (BAU) and 264.39 million tons of CO2eq (SD). However, the LCD scenario expects to achieve net zero emissions by 2060.

Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Berbasis Energi Air Mikrohindro Bendungan Di Banten

Banten Province has a number of dams that have the potential to be developed as micro hydro-based renewable energy centers. Micro hydro is a technology that utilizes water flow to produce electricity on a small scale, ideal for areas with abundant water resources. The dam in Banten, which was originally built for irrigation, flood control and raw water supply, can be optimized to produce environmentally friendly electrical energy. This research uses literature study methods and secondary data analysis to evaluate the potential of dams in Banten as a micro hydro renewable energy center. The data used includes official reports, scientific publications, and data from government agencies. The analysis includes evaluation of flow capacity and water fall height, as well as the environmental impact of implementing micro hydro technology. The research results show that several dams in Banten have adequate flow capacity and water fall height to support micro hydro installations. The environmental impact of micro hydro installations can be minimized by implementing existing best practices. Micro hydro development in Banten dams can reduce dependence on fossil energy and support the national renewable energy mix target. This research recommends the development of supportive policies and the participation of local communities to realize this potential. In this way, the dam in Banten can be transformed into a renewable energy center that contributes significantly to energy security and environmental sustainability in Indonesia.

Smart energy planning for the decarbonization of Latin America and the Caribbean in 2050

Latin America and the Caribbean is a region that has grown enormously in public policies and especially in the implementation of renewable energy generation plants, which is why it deserves to study its growth to provide long-term deep decarbonization routes. It has approximately 634 million inhabitants, and it is expected that by 2050 it will reach 784 million inhabitants, which worries researchers to establish a new model of energy supply in accordance with future demand. The concern does not end here, the new energy supply must be friendly to the environment and renewable energies are the appropriate option to avoid the increase in global temperature. The challenge of this research is to provide an adequate option for the decarbonization of Latin America and the Caribbean to achieve 100 % renewable energy by 2050. For this purpose, the energyPLAN tool is used, a flexible tool, very useful to transform large energy systems based on fossil fuels and achieve comprehensive 100 % renewable markets. Power systems are considered a challenging task and are widely studied around the world to avoid the great negative effects of altering the climate. Modeling the zero carbon energy system was implemented using the concept of smart energy. The combination shows that it is necessary to use a wide variety of energy sources and that no energy source more than 35 % stake, to increase energy security. The historic hydroelectric technology will continue to be an essential part of the Latin American energy mix. However, in 2050, the technologies that are destined to have the greatest participation will be wind turbines and solar photovoltaic with 32.7 % and 31 % respectively. Technologies with less participation such as renewable thermal and geothermal are also identified. Achieving a 100 % renewable energy mix by 2050 will prove to be economically beneficial. Based on the results obtained, it will be effective to achieve a 100 % renewable scenario when Latin America and the Caribbean form a solid regional alliance exclusive to fight for the environment and legislate favorably so that its member countries contemplate important budgets in a conscious, responsible and supportive way.