Renewable Energy Mix Research Articles

Urban Waste Management Solution through SRF Cofiring in Coal-Fired Power Plants

Abstract Solid Recovery Fuel (SRF) is a highly effective waste product processed through sorting and separation from non-combustible materials in Indonesia. The SRF is then dried to increase its calorific value and ensure homogeneity. Most Indonesian SRF is derived from urban waste, which is predominantly organic material, making it comparable to biomass and having a calorific value akin to lignite coal. The state-owned electricity company, PLN, collaborates with local governments responsible for waste management to utilize SRF as a fuel source in coal-fired power plants through cofiring. This renewable energy mix is an optimal solution, eliminating the need to construct new power plants and optimize waste management programs and local government budgets without burdening PLN’s operational costs when managed through an appropriate collaborative scheme. PT PLN Indonesia Power has successfully conducted research and development efforts to transform urban waste into SRF through the Waste Treatment Facility program. They have also utilized SRF cofiring in coal-fired power plants up to the heat rate testing stage. This alternative solution benefits all stakeholders in addressing the waste management challenge. This program presents an opportunity to optimize waste management costs implemented by local governments, ultimately saving electricity generation costs. Moreover, it may help reduce the financial burden of constructing and operating conventional solar power plants. SRF cofiring in coal-fired power plants is a reliable and cost-effective renewable energy solution. The successful pilot project showcased the positive outcomes achievable through a collaborative management scheme that utilizes SRF products and environmentally friendly electricity generation for sustainable waste management. This approach effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions and enhances renewable energy generation capacity, highlighting the significant impact possible through this method.

The acceptance of biogas in Islamic Boarding School Surakarta

The rapid population growth in Indonesia is leading to increased energy demands and the depletion of global energy sources. One promising to meet these escalating energy needs in the adoption of renewable energy sources like biogas. This study employs qualitative research methods to measure the response of the Islamic boarding school community in Central Java towards biogas utilization. Data analysis was conducted interactively, narratively describing insights gleaned from questionnaires completed by respondents. The findings reveal a varied response within Central Java Islamic Boarding School Community towards embracing biogas as part of efforts to enhance the national renewable energy mix. However, there is a consensus on certain aspects: respondents generally support biogas utilization as long as it is safe, sourced from clean materials, and developed in suitable locations. The exploration among ten boarding schools suggests that the government’s renewable energy initiatives require further optimization in terms of socialization and engagement with Islamic boarding schools.

SOLAR AND WIND LEADS THE CHARGE: ANALYZING INDIA'S DYNAMIC GROWTH IN RENEWABLE ENERGY CAPACITY FROM 2016 TO 2023

With a focus on significant advancements in solar, wind, and hydropower capacity, this report offers a thorough analysis of the growth trajectory of India's renewable energy industry from 2016 to 2023. The analysis highlights the exponential increase in solar installations, especially in regions like Rajasthan, which will account for over half of the nation's renewable energy mix by 2023. Solar energy emerged as the dominating force in this regard. Even if solar energy was rising faster, wind energy continued to expand steadily, highlighting its crucial place in the renewable portfolio. The report also explores the hydropower industry, highlighting the minor differences in growth patterns between small- and large-scale projects. The study's thorough data analysis shows a significant increase in the production of renewable energy, particularly in 2023, demonstrating the industry's strong reaction to India's challenging clean energy targets. The study of solar capacity at the state level reveals notable regional differences that may be ascribed to policy, geographic, and infrastructure variations. These findings indicate potential areas for focused policy interventions. The results support a multifaceted strategy for developing renewable energy, highlighting the significance of balanced growth from many sources. To maintain the sector's pace, recommendations include improving legislative frameworks, making infrastructural investments, and encouraging innovation. To support strategic choices and propel India's transition to a sustainable energy future, this research offers insightful information to stakeholders, investors, and policymakers.

Exploring the impacts of entrepreneurship indices on renewable energy mix: A cross-country study

This research analyzes the impact of eleven entrepreneurship indicators on renewable energy development across 14 countries from 2002 to 2019. Utilizing Kao's test for variable cointegration and the Panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (PFMOLS) model, our research highlights financial development's critical role in shifting from traditional to newer renewable energies like wind, solar, and bioenergy. Results indicate that specific entrepreneurship indicators, such as commercial infrastructure, market openness, and entrepreneurship education at the primary level, influence renewable energy types differently. For instance, these factors are favorable for hydropower but negative for wind and solar. Conversely, other indicators exhibited the opposite effects. For instance, Research and Development (R&D) transfer, governmental programs, and internal market dynamics positively impacted wind and solar energy sources but negatively affected hydropower and bioenergy. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurial activities as a driving force behind the development of renewable energies, which highlights the need to reconsider regulations, support mechanisms, and educational frameworks related to entrepreneurship in alignment with climate change, making our research directly relevant to policymakers and practitioners in the environmental and energy sectors. To align with climate change goals better, the research in this study recommends enhancing financial mechanisms for diverse renewable technologies, revising educational frameworks to embed entrepreneurship focusing on renewable innovation, and adjusting governmental programs to support targeted renewable energies.

Techno-economic Analysis of 100 kWp Floating Solar Photovoltaic for Renewable Energy Mix in Bali – Indonesia

To achieve renewable energy mix target and support the Indonesian Government’s policy on the use of solar power, PT. PLN Indonesia Power Bali has installed Floating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) above the surface of the Muara Nusa Dua reservoir. The 100 kWp Floating Solar PV was showcased at the G20 meeting held in Bali. In this study, a techno-economic analysis was carried out for the 100 kWp Floating Solar PV. The data collected was the real time data from the production of the 100 kWp Floating Solar PV and the costs incurred for the investment. The results of this study showed an average energy yield of 145.93 MWh with expected revenue of Rp 236,406,729.60 annually. Furthermore, the NPV and IRR were calculated and the resulted values were Rp 2,810,168,240.00 and 5.73 %, respectively with payback period approximately of 13 years. This showed that the 100 kWp Floating Solar PV is feasible investment to increase renewable energy mix in Bali – Indonesia.

Technical feasibility and financial assessment of autonomous hydrogen refuelling stations fully supplied by mixed renewable energy systems for twenty selected sites located in France

Technical feasibility and financial assessment of autonomous hydrogen refuelling stations fully supplied by mixed renewable energy systems for twenty selected sites located in France

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Methods for Predicting Energy Recovery from Waste

In the context of escalating energy demands and the quest for sustainable waste management solutions, this paper evaluates the efficacy of three machine learning methods—ElasticNet, Decision Trees, and Neural Networks—in predicting energy recovery from municipal waste across the European Union. As renewable energy sources increasingly dominate the energy production landscape, the integration of Waste-to-Energy (WTE) processes presents a dual advantage: enhancing waste management and contributing to the renewable energy mix. This study leverages a dataset incorporating economic and environmental indicators from 25 European countries, spanning 2013–2020, to compare the predictive capabilities of the three machine learning models. The analysis reveals that Neural Networks, with their intricate pattern recognition capabilities, outperform ElasticNet and Decision Trees in predicting energy recovery metrics, as evidenced by superior performance in key statistical indicators such as R-value, Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The comparative analysis not only demonstrates the effectiveness of each method but also suggests Neural Networks as a pivotal tool for informed decision-making in waste management and energy policy formulation. Through this investigation, the paper contributes to the sustainable energy and waste management discourse, emphasizing the critical intersection of advanced technologies, policy considerations, and environmental stewardship in addressing contemporary energy challenges.

CloudSimPer: Simulating Geo-Distributed Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Mix

CloudSimPer: Simulating Geo-Distributed Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Mix

Assessing the decarbonization of electricity generation in major emitting countries by 2030 and 2050: Transition to a high share renewable energy mix

The urgent need to mitigate the severe environmental impacts of climate change necessitates a transition to a low-carbon energy infrastructure, crucial for decarbonization and achieving global sustainability goals. This study investigates the decarbonization trajectories of five major economies and significant carbon emitters: the United States of America (USA), China, Japan, Germany, and India. We focus on evaluating two decarbonization scenarios for power generation. Scenario 1 explores the use of a generic storage system for reducing critical excess electricity production (CEEP), maintaining the same thermal power plant capacity as in the reference year 2021. In contrast, Scenario 2 models thermal power plants to meet the exact electricity demand without introducing a new electricity storage system. The primary aim is to assess the feasibility and implications of achieving a 100% share of renewable and nuclear energy by 2030 and 2050 in these countries. EnergyPLAN software was utilized to model and simulate the electricity systems of these countries. The two scenarios represent different degrees of renewable energy integration, demonstrating possible transitional pathways towards an environmentally friendly electricity generation system. The study provides a comparative analysis of the outcomes for each country, focusing on carbon emissions reduction and the impact on annual total costs in 2030 and 2050. Results show that by 2030, China could reduce its emissions by 88.5% and 85.14% in Scenarios 1 and 2, relative to 2021 levels. From the two scenarios considered in all the countries, India records the highest percentage reduction while Germany has the least percentage emission in reference to 2021, with a potential decrease of 90.63% and 52.42% respectively. By 2050, carbon emissions in the USA will be reduced by 83% and 79.8% using Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 decarbonization pathways. This research significantly contributes to understanding the decarbonization potential of global electricity generation. It provides vital data for policymakers, energy planners, and stakeholders involved in developing sustainable energy policies.

Measuring the Robustness of Optimal Design Solutions for Wave Energy Converters via a Stochastic Approach

Among the challenges generated by the global climate crisis, a significant concern is the constant increase in energy demand. This leads to the need to ensure that any novel energy systems are not only renewable but also reliable in their performance. A viable solution to increase the available renewable energy mix involves tapping into the potential available in ocean waves and harvesting it via so-called wave energy converters (WECs). In this context, a relevant engineering problem relates to finding WEC design solutions that are not only optimal in terms of energy extraction but also exhibit robust behavior in spite of the harsh marine environment. Indeed, the vast majority of design optimization studies available in the state-of-the-art consider only perfect knowledge of nominal (idealized) conditions, neglecting the impact of uncertainties. This study aims to investigate the information that different robustness metrics can provide to designers regarding optimal WEC design solutions under uncertainty. The applied methodology is based on stochastic uncertainty propagation via a Monte Carlo simulation, exploiting a meta-model to reduce the computational burden. The analysis is conducted over a dataset obtained with a genetic algorithm-based optimization process for nominal WEC design. The results reveal a significant deviation in terms of robustness between the nominal Pareto set and those generated by setting different thresholds for robustness metrics, as well as between devices belonging to the same nominal Pareto frontier. This study elucidates the intrinsic need for incorporating robust optimization processes in WEC design.

Assessing the performance of hydro-solar hybrid (HSH) grid integration: A case study of Bui Generating Station, Ghana

Renewable energy sources (RES) are rapidly expanding as a result of energy security and environmental concerns. Despite their numerous benefits, they pose significant challenges to power grid operation. Ghana is dedicated to reaching a 10 % renewable energy mix target by 2030 to promote low-emission development. Ghana has the first hybrid power plant made up of 400MW hydropower plant and 50 MW solar PV plant supplying power to the national grid. The study designs a hydro-solar hybrid system configuration for Ghana's Bui generation unit, using data from the 50 MW ground-mounted solar PV and 133.33 MW hydropower units to assess the performance and challenges of the hydro-solar hybrid system at the Bui Generating Station. Methodology involves modeling and simulation in the DIgSILENT power factory software environment. Utilizing quasi-dynamic simulations, the study investigates variations in active power generation, voltage fluctuations, grid losses, and reactive power generation. Results highlight technical challenges such as voltage fluctuations and power loss, and propose mitigation measures. Comparisons between simulated and field data reveal discrepancies attributed to factors such as temperature effects, dust accumulation, and conductor resistance. Mitigation strategies are proposed, including energy storage expansion, smart grid implementation, advanced control techniques, FACTS device deployment and grid monitoring improvements. Despite limitations in data availability and simulation accuracy, the study underscores the system's reliability and provides insights for enhancing renewable energy integration in the region. Generally, the study contributes to advancing renewable energy integration efforts, with implications for sustainable development and climate action in Ghana and West Africa at large.

Smart transactive energy based approach for planning and scheduling in multi-looped microgrid distribution network across planning horizon

In this paper, an innovative transactive energy approach is proposed as viable option for coordinated distribution system planning across a certain horizon. The proposed approach is evaluated across a multi-looped (meshed) test system and is implemented with load growth having prosumers participating in the electrical market in transactive energy system aiming at evaluation on techno-economic basis. Apart from prosumer sensitivity analysis, evaluations have been carried across reducing total production cost of energy, reduction in per unit price, active power losses. Whereas improving voltage profile, cost of scheduling and consumer per kWh purchase and sales in comparison with traditional counterpart. The proposed framework includes optimization algorithm aiming at sources scheduling and IEEE 69 system for validation. The algorithm minimizes cost, maximizes energy efficiency, increases renewable energy mix and reduces consumers cost of energy purchase. Reduction of 51.44 % in cost of energy is achieved, whereas loss reduction of 12.6% is achieved. The comparison of IEEE 69-bus base case with the 10 %, 15% and 20% transactive energy applied with simulations to evaluate performance parameters that will directly benefit both prosumers and utility alike in-terms of low bills and further reduction of stress on the grid amid load growth across multiple years.

Analisis Dampak Lingkungan dan Keekonomian Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Co-firing Biomassa dan Baru bara sebagai Upaya Bauran Energi Terbarukan

Analisis Dampak Lingkungan dan Keekonomian Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Co-firing Biomassa dan Baru bara sebagai Upaya Bauran Energi Terbarukan

A Refined Neutrosophic Components into Subcomponents with Plausible Applications to Long Term Energy Planning Predominated by Renewable Energy

It is known that in the long-term planning of future energy supplies, in most countries, it is most likely that the energy mix will be predominated by renewable energy generation. While this feature of a predominating renewable energy mix appears too far fetched, such long term planning has been suggested, for instance, by Mark Jacobson from Stanford and also by John Blackburn. Here we consider two things, the first would be how to consider the long-term energy planning based on neutrosophic logic split into subcomponents.

Quantifying and enhancing the energy resilience of zero-emission train station systems against power outages via electrified train-building integrations

Addressing power outages due to renewable energy penetration and conventional utility grid issues is vital to ensure the reliability and resilience of any energy system. Therefore, this project begins by modelling a renewable energy-supported swappable battery-powered railway system with stochastically driven power outages. Then, it comprehensively quantified energy resilience using novel technological, economic and environmental indicators for different annual power outage percentages and renewable energy capacities. Two implementations are systematically analysed: one that uses a unique control strategy for dynamically handling the power outage periods in addition to the existing control strategy, and another that finds the right renewable energy mix within and between the stations. The first one improves the autonomous net-zero energy system by enhancing the energy-based resilience factor, annual carbon emissions from the system, and net present value for the estimated lifetime of 20 years from 0.83 to 0.99, 264.7 to 12.7 ton and –7.3 × 106 to 51.4 × 106 HKD, respectively. The second investigation reveals that technological and environmental indicators favour solar energy of 70 %, and the economic indicator prefers more wind energy. Using 100 % wind energy on both stations of the metro railway system is economically consistently effective as it provides a net present value of up to 59.8 × 106 HKD owing to the 30 % lower capital cost of wind energy compared to solar energy.

Asymmetric effects of financial volatility and volatility-of-volatility shocks on the energy mix

We examine the asymmetric effects of financial instability shocks and their volatility on the conventional and renewable energy mix. We utilize Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) Volatility Index (VIX) and the Volatility-of-Volatility index (vVIX) in a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to estimate the short- and long-term asymmetry effects across energy mix in Europe, the US, and China. Our estimations indicate that the long-term effects over the energy mix are more significant than their short-term effects. The results also show that the responses to the volatility of financial instability, vVIX, are different from the responses to financial instability itself, VIX, and revealed a more pronounced impact on changes in vVIX compared to VIX. We find that the asymmetries of energy mix responses to positive or negative shocks in VIX and vVIX have been decreasing over the periods.

Spatiotemporal management of solar, wind and hydropower across continental Europe

Weather climate fluctuations cause large variations in renewable electricity production, which requires substantial amounts of energy storage to overcome energy drought periods. Based on daily hydroclimatic data and information about renewable power systems covering Europe, here we quantify the complementarity in the solar-wind-hydro energy components of the continental climate system. We show that the spatiotemporal management of renewable electricity production over Europe can induce a virtual energy storage gain that is several times larger than the available energy storage capacity in hydropower reservoirs. The potential electricity production matches the consumption by spatiotemporal management of suitable shares of solar and wind power complemented with the present hydropower. While the mixed renewable energy potential varies less than anticipated at the continental scale, utilization of the complementarity requires new continental electrical transmission lines and stable international trade. We highlight that management models need to consider incentives beyond national boundaries to appropriately benefit from continental climate conditions.

Organic Rankin and Brayton-Joule, a Comprehensive Library for Integrating Conventional and Renewable Energy Generation

The thermodynamic cycles for energy generation are the baseline for development in different types of energy generation, and they are the primary principle for the mix of fossil and renewable energy. In this paper, a detailed description of the organic Rankine and Brayton-Joule cycles has been presented as a comprehensive reference library for linking renewable energy and fossil energy, and an explanation of the governing and basic equations that formulate When developed to be flexible in the use of the research methodology used in this field. This paper provides a comprehensive reference library for linking renewable energy and fossil energy by presenting a detailed description of the organic Rankine and Brayton-Joule cycles. It includes an explanation of the governing equations and basic formulations, as well as a flexible research methodology for use in this field.

Assessment of Energy Sustainability Enhancement of a Paper Industry in Riau, Indonesia

The Paper industry is an energy-intensive and one of the most energy-consuming industries in Indonesia. In this study, Paper Mill energy sources come from coal and renewable energy such as black liquor as a substitute for coal and on-grid 9MW PV system are reassessed by using optimization software, HOMER. This study aims to present a feasibility study of increasing the use of renewable energy sources in Paper Mill to reduce coal consumption for more sustainability. The software HOMER is used as a tool to determine the most feasible combination of component considered in the study. It is feasible to reduce 10,84% coal consumption kg per year with the optimal renewable energy mix consisting of additional 24MW rooftop PV system and 5,94kW hydrokinetic energy from Kampar River located 6 km from the plant. Renewable fraction increased to 16%. This study result is good for sustainable growth of Paper Mill business that investments in climate and nature to support the Indonesian government in achieving net zero emissions.

Design of Solar Power Plant Capacity for Auxiliary Load at Labuan Steam Power Plant (PLTU) PT. PLN (PERSERO)

Solar Power Plants are a form of renewable energy that harness sunlight to generate electricity through solar panels. This research designs a PLTS system for use at the Labuan Steam Power Plant (PLTU) of PT. PLN (Persero), aimed at reducing the plant's own electricity consumption. This study evaluates the design and installation of a PLTS system on a 7200 m² area at the Labuan PLTU and conducts a technical and economic comparison between On-Grid and Off-Grid PLTS systems. The research methods include field surveys, shading potential measurements, and design simulations using PVSyst software. The results show that the On-Grid PLTS installation at the Labuan PLTU Administration Building is technically and economically feasible, with a BenefitCost Ratio (BCR) of 1.20 and a Payback Period (PP) of 16.93 years. The implementation of this PLTS system has the potential to reduce carbon emissions by 84,187 tons of CO₂e per year, supporting PT. PLN's program to achieve the 23% renewable energy mix target by 2025.