Minor Accidents Research Articles

THE CORRELATION AMONG KNOWLEDGE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH), SAFETY AWARENESS AND UNSAFE ACTION ON NURSES IN HOSPITAL

Background: Unsafe work behavior, such as not wearing PPE, not following work procedures and work safety regulations, and not working carefully is an action that caused 88% of work accidents. The rate of occurrence of minor work accidents in hospitals is 20% higher than workers in other industries. Purpose: To prove that there was a correlation between knowledge of OSH as well as safety awareness and unsafe action on nurses in Hospital X. Method: This study used an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 88 respondents, and it was taken by using the total sampling technique. The research instrument used was a valid and reliable questionnaire. Data analysis used Somer's d test for bivariate data processing and the Ordinal Logistics Regression test. Result: The results of the Somer's d test for correlation between the knowledge of OSH and unsafe action resulted in p-value 0.00, while the results of the Somer's d test for correlation between safety awareness and unsafe action resulted in p-value 0.000. Furthermore, the Ordinal Logistics Regression test that was carried out with the independent variable in the study that had a greater effect on unsafe action was safety awareness with a wald value of 15.001. The results of the Nagelkerke R-square were 0.482 (48.2%), hence the independent variables could explain the dependent variable by 48.2%. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that there was a significant correlation between the knowledge of occupational health and safety awareness with unsafe action.

단기 임시종사자의 안전사고 원인 인식에 대한 요인구조 연구

Theme parks in South Korea are classified as amusement facility businesses and correspond to the service industry along with wholesale, retail, and lodging industries. Theme park has a labor-intensive structure with many temporary workers working, leading to various accidents including minor accidents. Company A, a large theme park in Gyeonggi Province, has more than 4.8 million guests annually, and the number of temporary workers exceeds about 2,000 per day during the peak season from April to October. Therefore, this study aims to find an effective approach to prevent safety accidents at work for the temporary workers in the theme park. In this study, the cause of safety accidents was composed of the contents of a survey through interviews with 17 department heads belonging to large theme parks A and review of previous studies. A survey was conducted on 370 temporary workers belonging to Company A from December 1st to December 20th, and statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS program for the collected data. As a result of the study, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire items were found to be good, and 26 questionnaire items were composed of five factor structures: facilities, education, communication, psychology, and regulation/policy. It was confirmed that temporary workers have the highest awareness of regulatory/policy factors among the five factor structures. Next, education, communication, psychology, and facilities were in order. The results of this study are meaningful in confirming the hypothetical factor structure of the cause of safety accidents of temporary workers and confirming that there are relative differences in the recognition of importance by factor. It is believed that establishing a safety management system by focusing on factors that temporary workers perceive as important will be effective in preventing theme park safety accidents. Future research is expected to help prevent theme park industrial accidents if we investigate how the perception of the cause of safety accidents derived through this study differs from regular workers.

A case of retinal detachment resulting from air bag deployment

ABSTRACT
 A motor vehicle accident (MVA) can result in death or serious injury to the driver and passengers in case the airbags are not deployed. There are, however, several reasons why an airbag can injure a passenger even when there is no accident involved. A 41-year-old female patient who suffered facial bone fractures and an retinal perforation after her air bag deflated during a minor car accident. The complaints of the patient on admission to the emergency department (ED) were facial pain, swelling and redness in the eye. Orbital CT imaging revealed fragmented fracture line displaced into the maxillary sinus at the floor of right orbit, posttraumatic changes in preorbital skin and In the right globe vitreous, an appearance thought to belong to hyperdense hemorrhage. The patient was taken to emergency operation due to corneal perforation in the right eye. All patients who present with air bag-related ocular trauma should undergo a complete ophthalmologic examination because ocular injuries that may be more serious than they initially appear.

Апостериорная оценка статистических показателей производственного травматизма и профессиональной заболеваемости работников строительной отрасли

The current level of injuries and occupational morbidity in the construction industry of the Russian Federation is assessed based on the application of a statistical research method, the essence of which is to provide comparative characteristics of a posteriori quantitative indicators. The ranking of harmful factors of the working environment and the labor process was carried out for reducing the degree of prevalence at the workplaces in construction: severity — chemical factor — biological factor — non-ionizing radiation — vibration (general and local) and tension — aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action — ionizing radiation — microclimate — noise, air ultrasound, infrasound — light medium. The regularity in distribution of accidents in the studied time interval was revealed, which consists in reducing the frequency coefficient, and the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry with persistently high rates of fatal injury to employees relative to the largest sectors of economic activity. It is established that the risk of injury for one employee during one year in the construction industry varies from 3.03·10–3 to 1.33·10–3, which is higher than the acceptable risk of 1·10–6. Thus, it is required to develop additional measures to reduce industrial injuries and the severity of the consequences of employee injury. Change in the frequency rate of occupational diseases in the studied time interval is uneven, the maximum was recorded in 2015. A survey was conducted among the employees of construction organizations in the Belgorod region, the problem was identified related to concealing the information about injuries (microtraumas, minor accidents). The implementation of the corrective and preventive measures presented in the work will allow to reduce the likelihood of identified hazards, the level of industrial injuries and occupational morbidity.

Cause analysis of expressway traffic accidents based on accident statistics of Hunan provincial expressway in 2012–2018

Abstract Based on the 2012–2018 accident statistics on the Hunan Provincial Expressway in China, this paper analyses the proportion to which various factors contribute to accidents, as well as the trends over time. From 2012 to 2018, the total number of general procedure handling accidents (i.e. major accidents) increased first and then decreased, while the number of accidents and deaths per 1000 kilometres decreased year by year. The total number of simple procedure handling accidents (i.e. minor accidents) increased year by year, but the number of accidents per 1000 kilometres remained relatively stable. Speeding, fatigued driving, improper driving operation, failure to maintain a safe distance from the preceding vehicle and pedestrians entering the expressway are the main causes of general procedure handling accidents. Failure to maintain a safe distance from the preceding vehicle as required and improper driving operation accounted for approximately 2/3 of the simple procedure handling accidents. In view of the accidents caused by these factors, how to use law enforcement, education, science and technology and facilities construction to further reduce the occurrence of expressway traffic accidents is discussed.

Framework for Integrating Productive, Contributory, and Noncontributory Work with Safe and Unsafe Acts and Conditions.

It is common for companies that are in the process of implementing the Last Planner System (LPS) journey to attempt an increase in productive work and a reduction in waste, such as contributory and noncontributory work. Even though the LPS has proven to have a synergy with the health and safety requirements, companies with deficient health and safety management systems tend to classify work involving substandard acts or conditions as standard, and then pretend to benchmark against other companies that are indeed performing safe work. The following work introduces a framework to simultaneously register and analyze productive, contributory, and noncontributory work, with the substandard acts and conditions in a construction site, allowing for the measurement of production and health & safety indicators simultaneously. In the absence of technology that automatically captures these indicators, it is proposed that simultaneous measurements be made through direct inspections and photo and video recording by means of a handheld camera. The proposed continuous improvement framework follows the steps indicated below: (1) defining the productive, contributory, and noncontributory work with surveys performed on the most representative stakeholders of the industry; (2) proposing a new classification of production and safety work; (3) assessing the level of application of the LPS in the company; (4) measuring the indicators; (5) improving the use of the LPS and performing new measurements; (6) statistically linking deadly, serious, and minor accidents, standard and substandard acts, standard and substandard conditions, and productive, contributory, and noncontributory work. This framework was applied to a case study of a building project in Lima and the results were improved simultaneous indicators, especially the health and safety indicators. Automated classification of productive and nonproductive work using technology still represents a challenge.

Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kecelakaan Kerja Terhadap Pekerja Mebel Sektor Informal Di Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Semarang Tahun 2021

Work accidents are unexpected and unexpected events that can cause casualties or loss of property. Furniture workers in the informal sector in Tembalang District, Semarang City still ignore the importance of using PPE, such as masks, gloves and other supporting PPE. Workers often experience incidents such as slipping, electrocution, cuts, falling objects, etc. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between age, working period, role of co-workers, knowledge, use of PPE, and work accidents on informal sector furniture workers in Tembalang sub-district, Semarang City. Methods This research uses quantitative research with cross sectional method. Sampling in this study using Total Sampling or the population is the informal sector furniture workers with a total of 35 respondents. This data was collected using a questionnaire, and processed using Rank Spearman. Based on the results of the study, it showed that Age, Working Period, Role of Coworkers, Knowledge, and the use of PPE had no relationship with work accidents. P-value (age = 0.697), P-value (service period = 0.522), p-value (role of co-workers = 0.411), p-value (knowledge = 0.522). P-value (use of PPE = 0.505) for furniture workers in the informal sector, Tembalang district, Semarang city. The number of accidents is still categorized as high even though it was a minor accident. It is expected that business owners are able to provide supervision and provide information about work accidents and their prevention, provide PPE according to standards and complete. Meanwhile, workers are better off using PPE

Restorative Justice as an Effort to Settle Traffic Accident Crime Cases

ABSTRACT
 The traffic problems occurred of traffic accidents that result in human casualties and/or property loss. Law enforcement systems development and methods in Indonesia shows a tendency to follow the development of the general justice system, especially the development of the principle of restorative justice by burdening executant with their mistakes, apologize, returning damages and losses to victims as before or resembles condition. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the traffic accident crimes can be resolved through restorative justice, what is the investigator's consideration in resolving traffic accident cases through restorative justice. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the traffic accidents can be resolved through restorative justice according to Article 236 (2) of Law No. 22 of 2009, namely only minor traffic accidents, according to Article 63 of Law Police Regulation Number 15 of 2013, which is a minor traffic accident, and based on the letter of the National Police Number 8 of 2018, which is a crime that does not cause human casualties. The investigator's consideration in resolving traffic accident cases through restorative justice is the existence of a peace agreement by both parties involved in the traffic accident.
 Keywords : Accident Cases

A national study examining safety factors and training associated with STEM education and CTE laboratory accidents in the United States

Safety remains a core component of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and career and technical education (CTE). However, research has shown accidents continue to occur in STEM and CTE courses. This study analyzed the survey responses of 718 STEM and CTE teachers from 42 states in the United States. Exploratory correlational analyses were conducted to estimate the magnitude of the associations between various safety factors and the occurrence of minor and major accidents over a five-year period. Eight factors were found to be significantly associated with increased accident occurrences, and 17 factors were significantly correlated with reduced accident occurrences. A series of logistic regressions were then conducted to estimate the change in odds of an accident occurring according to safety training completed after controlling for various safety factors. This revealed classes with enrollments over 24 students had a 48 % increase in the odds of an accident occurring (β = 0.3967, p = 0.08, OR = 1.48). Additionally, after controlling for various safety factors, it was found that teachers who received comprehensive safety training had a 49 % reduction in the odds of an accident occurring (β = -0.68, p = 0.0073, OR = 0.505). Departments of education, higher education institutions, teacher preparation programs, schools, teachers, administrators, school safety officers, architects, and others involved with facility design and instruction related to hands-on STEM education and CTE programs should utilize these research findings to improve facilities, safety practices, safety policies, and reduce liability.

Patellar tendon ruptures repaired through a simple modified reconstruction using hamstrings tendon graft in obese patient: surgical technique and case report

Background: Patellar tendon ruptures are uncommon, severe, and are complex cases that require early surgical intervention. Loss of function of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint might cause severe disability and inability to hold a standing position. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old Saudi male, known to have morbid obesity (class 1), came to the emergency room complaining of severe pain in the left knee after experiencing a fall on a flexed knee while playing soccer. The patient had no other significant past medical history. In this case, the injury occurred due to a minor sports accident, and there were no predisposing factors. Thus, it was decided to do patellar tendon augmented reconstruction using a pedicled hamstring tendon, involving primary repair. After the surgery, a cast was applied on the patient's knee and retained for 3 weeks, allowing only active knee flexion and passive extension. Then, active assisted knee extension was allowed through physiotherapy for 2 months, until 75%-80% of active extension was achieved. Patient was moved to out-patient department after 3 months for further assessment. Conclusion: Patellar tendon ruptures from the tibial tuberosity are quite uncommon. When the patient has morbid obesity, acute repair of the patellar tendon through reconstruction using hamstring tendons could give a positive result with good outcome in the joint's movement.

Implementation of proper hardening method and hardness range (35–40 HRC) for tool holder sleeve in CNC turning machine

Most of the machinery related components or parts must be hardened, because usages of those parts are regular. Likewise, various hardening process are available to harden the different kind of materials. Every hardening process is unique. It requires proper material, temperature etc., all machine shop which have a CNC turning machine must use the sleeve to hold the toolbars. This sleeve also is hardened. It will be in proper hardness. Most of the quality sleeve has a high price. Low price sleeve can’t able to withstand minor accidents occur in machine. Hardening has a vital role in the sleeve. Aim of this particular project is to manufacture a quality steel for a moderate price with good hardening process (Good Quality). In this work, we obtained that the value of hardness and tensile strength are 35.40 HRC and 1100 MPa after heat treatment test.

Bayesian Belief Network Modeling of Accident Occurrence in Metal Lathe Machining Operations

Accidents occurrence in metal lathe machining operations in industrial workshops often cost organizations billions of dollars while injured workers and families are faced with financial and emotional burdens. Studies revealed that the fly-out accident is the most probable accident that occurs during metal lathe machining operations. The uncertainty surrounding its occurrence is rarely reported. This study, therefore, modeled the uncertainty surrounding the occurrence of a fly-out accident during metal lathe machining operations and its corresponding consequences using the Bayesian belief network (BBN). Fly-out accident causal factors were identified representing the parent nodes with two states each. Two child-node scenarios were modeled on Bayesian belief influence diagrams, namely the fly-out accident with two states (yes and no) and the consequences of the fly-out accident with three states (fatal, serious and minor). Seven causal factors of the fly-out accident were identified (chuck-related fault, tool-post failure, workpiece holding fault, coolant fault, wrong operating speed, safety-related guards fault and wrong feed rate). Bayesian causal inference of fly-out accident was 0.708 and the fatal fly-out accident was 0.263. Bayesian diagnostic inference showed that chuck association fault and improper feed rate were significant causal factors influencing the occurrence of a fly-out accident, fatal fly-out accident and serious fly-out accident, while the occurrence of a minor fly-out accident was affected by coolant fault during machining operations. The study identified areas of safety concerns that may be used for the development of Machine Workshop Safety Management Systems toward sustainable, safe, and effective machine workshop operations.

Research on Aviation Safety Prediction Based on Variable Selection and LSTM.

Accurate prediction of aviation safety levels is significant for the efficient early warning and prevention of incidents. However, the causal mechanism and temporal character of aviation accidents are complex and not fully understood, which increases the operation cost of accurate aviation safety prediction. This paper adopts an innovative statistical method involving a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and long short-term memory (LSTM). We compiled and calculated 138 monthly aviation insecure events collected from the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) and took minor accidents as the predictor. Firstly, this paper introduced the group variables and the weight matrix into LASSO to realize the adaptive variable selection. Furthermore, it took the selected variable into multistep stacked LSTM (MSSLSTM) to predict the monthly accidents in 2020. Finally, the proposed method was compared with multiple existing variable selection and prediction methods. The results demonstrate that the RMSE (root mean square error) of the MSSLSTM is reduced by 41.98%, compared with the original model; on the other hand, the key variable selected by the adaptive spare group lasso (ADSGL) can reduce the elapsed time by 42.67% (13 s). This shows that aviation safety prediction based on ADSGL and MSSLSTM can improve the prediction efficiency of the model while keeping excellent generalization ability and robustness.

Mitigation of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway and inhibition of thermal runaway propagation using inorganic salt hydrate with integrated latent heat and thermochemical storage

Thermal runaway and its propagation in lithium-ion batteries is a severe problem that can result in fire or explosion. In this study, we propose an innovative thermal storage material that integrates latent heat and thermochemical storage to protect the battery during thermal runaway. Sodium acetate trihydrate-urea/expanded graphite—an inorganic salt hydrate—undergoes a solid-liquid phase change at 50.3 °C, with a corresponding latent heat storage density of 181 kJ/kg, and thermal decomposition at 114.0 °C, with a corresponding thermochemical storage density of 567.3 kJ/kg. The latent heat storage density ensures that the battery remains cool during minor accidents, such as an external short circuit, and the dual-stage thermal storage effectively suppresses thermal runaway propagation due to severe accidents involving the thermal or mechanical abuse of the battery. We also establish a mathematical model to describe the multistage latent heat and thermochemical storage processes and predict their impacts on battery temperature. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data, with a maximum error of less than 5%. Compared to conventional phase change materials, the thermochemical storage of the inorganic salt hydrate provides a high thermal storage density at a safe temperature. Thus, the proposed thermal storage material can effectively prevent the incidence and propagation of battery thermal runaway.

Causal and contributing factors of accidents in the Ghanaian mining industry

Analysing accidents reveals trends, patterns, and causes to focus on when developing accident countermeasures. This study aimed to analyse the causal and contributory factors of accidents within Ghanaian gold mines. 701 accident investigation reports were collected from 7 large-scale mine sites. The reports were classified and coded using the human factor analysis and classification system adopted for the Ghana mining industry to identify the causes of accidents, taking into account the severity levels of the accidents. Unlike previous studies that focused mostly on high-consequence accidents, this study considered accidents of different severities to determine if associations exist between the severity levels and the causal factors. The results revealed that the majority of the causes of accidents were at the workplace/operator conditions tier. Specifically, leadership flaws were associated with accidents of high severity, such as moderate, major and catastrophic accidents, whereas the physical environment often resulted in accidents of low severity, such as insignificant and minor accidents. Again, when the causes at the operator’s act tiers are compared among themselves and with the accident severity levels, it was observed that mistakes were mostly associated with insignificant and moderate accidents, whereas slips mostly trigger minor accidents. Regarding the causal codes, procedural non-compliance, inadequate supervision, and unsafe design/construction caused most of the accidents for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively. Therefore, the mines should focus on improving workplace health and safety conditions since causes at the workplace condition tier were associated with most of the accidents.

POLICE DISCRETION IN INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC AFFECTS PERFORMED BY CHILD

The implementation of discretion by the police seems to be against the law, but it is a way out that is indeed given by law to the police in order to provide efficiency and effectiveness for the greater public interest, furthermore discretion should not be eliminated. Discretion cannot be removed and should not be eliminated. Discretion is an integral part of the role of the institution or organization. However, discretion can be limited and controlled, for example by tightening written orders and the existence of programmed decisions that are at least able to formulate and demand discretionary action. The problem is, unprogrammed decisions often appear and open the door wide for discretionary making. That the mechanism for applying police discretion to traffic crimes committed by children at the Police investigation level is that the traffic police visited the scene of the case and then sketched the scene of the case, helped victims, recorded witnesses, secured evidence of accidents such as vehicles, driver's licenses, and STNK, for a further investigation process, After that an investigation is carried out by the police to make a case analysis and discretion is carried out if the accident that occurs is minor and the perpetrator is a child who causes a minor accident and a single accident that can be resolved with material compensation, then an agreement is made between the two parties for solving traffic accident cases.

Occupational burn injuries in Finland 2011–2015

BackgroundThis study comprises all hospitalized work-related burn injuries in one country during 2011–2015. The purpose was to describe demographics, causes and risk factors of occupational burn injuries with special focus on the outcome of return to work.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective study on two data sources of which Finnish Workers’ Compensation Center’s (FWCC) register includes all work-related burn cases at a given time. Additional data have been obtained from those patients, who were referred to the National Burn Centre (NBC) during the same time according to the Emergency Management of Severe Burns (EMSB) criteria. We compare demographics, injury mechanisms and general burn data of these two patient groups.ResultsBased on FWCC register, in 2011–2015 occurred 11,623 work-related burn cases of whom 54% were men. During the study period, NBC admitted 26 patients fulfilling EMSB criteria. The most severe patients treated in NBC had injuries affecting multiple body parts. In FWCC data, hand was most injured body part. Kitchen/bakery work was the most common profession in FWCC register but in NBC material industrial and transport professions dominated. In FWCC register, patients had lower mean age (37 years vs. 43 years). Most severe injuries occurred among older patients: In NBC data, those with total body surface area 40% or over had mean age 53 years. Majority of patients returned to work.ConclusionSafety at work in Finland has improved during last decades, and the vast majority of work-related burn injuries are minor. Minor burn injuries are common in young adults working in kitchen and bakery work, whereas elderly men working in transports and industry sustain the most severe burn accidents. Retirement after work-related injury becomes very expensive for all parties, and this data can be used in preventing those cases as well as the minor accidents.

Review: Traveling Black: A Story of Race and Resistance, by Mia Bay

Review: <i>Traveling Black: A Story of Race and Resistance</i>, by Mia Bay

KEADILAN HUKUM DALAM PENERAPAN DISKRESI KEPOLISIAN GUNA PENGHENTIAN PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS PERSPEKTIF UNDANG – UNDANG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2002

ABSTRACT&#x0D; This study aims to examine legal justice in the application of police discretion to stop the investigation of criminal acts of traffic accidents at this time, the problems and solutions of legal justice in the application of police discretion to stop the investigation of traffic accidents from the perspective of Law No. 2 of 2002. This approach method uses sociological juridical approach with qualitative methods supported by primary and secondary data. With the research specification is descriptive analytical, so that the deepening of the problem is very necessary. The results of this study concluded that: 1) In practice, Article 18 of Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police which is the basis for police discretionary actions has not been used as a legal umbrella, although in practice many investigators have done so. 2) From the aspect of legal substance, in practice, discretion is applied to the field of traffic or other matters that have not touched the task of investigating and investigating criminal acts. From the structural aspect, it can be seen in the administrative practice of internal police investigations that have not accommodated, stopping criminal investigations on the legal basis of police discretion. Meanwhile, from the cultural aspect, the Police leadership has paid attention to the rise of traffic accidents with the category of minor and moderate accidents where the perpetrator and the reporter have peace and forgiveness and compensation is available to stop, but it has not become a legal product that can be used as a legal umbrella. national.&#x0D; Keywords: Justice, Discretion, Termination, Investigation

Ameliorated Automated Facial Fracture Detection System using CNN

The fracture of the bone is common issue in human body occurs when the pressure is applied on bone or minor accident and also due to osteoporosis and bone cancer. Therefore the accurate diagnosis of bone fracture is an important aspects in medical field. In this work X-ray/CT images are used for the bone fracture analysis. The main aim of the this project is to develop an image processing based efficient system for a quick and accurate classification of bone fractures based on the information gained from the x-ray / CT images of the skull. X- ray/CT scan images of the fractured bone are collected from the hospital and processing techniques like pre-processing method, segmentation method, edge detection and feature extraction methods are adopted. The images are tested out by considering the image slice of single slice and also grouping the slices of the patients. The patients CT scan/X-ray image was classified if bone is fractured then if two following slices were categorized with a probability fracture higher than 0.99. The results of the patient x-ray images show that the model accuracy of the maxillofacial fractures is contains 80%. Even the radiologist’s work is not replaced by the MFDS model system, it is useful only for the providing valuable assistive support, it reduces the human error in the medical field, preventing the harm for the patients by minimizing the diagnostic delays, and reducing the incongruous burden of hospitalization.