Апостериорная оценка статистических показателей производственного травматизма и профессиональной заболеваемости работников строительной отрасли

Abstract

The current level of injuries and occupational morbidity in the construction industry of the Russian Federation is assessed based on the application of a statistical research method, the essence of which is to provide comparative characteristics of a posteriori quantitative indicators. The ranking of harmful factors of the working environment and the labor process was carried out for reducing the degree of prevalence at the workplaces in construction: severity — chemical factor — biological factor — non-ionizing radiation — vibration (general and local) and tension — aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action — ionizing radiation — microclimate — noise, air ultrasound, infrasound — light medium. The regularity in distribution of accidents in the studied time interval was revealed, which consists in reducing the frequency coefficient, and the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry with persistently high rates of fatal injury to employees relative to the largest sectors of economic activity. It is established that the risk of injury for one employee during one year in the construction industry varies from 3.03·10–3 to 1.33·10–3, which is higher than the acceptable risk of 1·10–6. Thus, it is required to develop additional measures to reduce industrial injuries and the severity of the consequences of employee injury. Change in the frequency rate of occupational diseases in the studied time interval is uneven, the maximum was recorded in 2015. A survey was conducted among the employees of construction organizations in the Belgorod region, the problem was identified related to concealing the information about injuries (microtraumas, minor accidents). The implementation of the corrective and preventive measures presented in the work will allow to reduce the likelihood of identified hazards, the level of industrial injuries and occupational morbidity.