Minitab Program Research Articles

The Effect of Sunspots Number on the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the Ionospheric Layer E Over Kirkuk Station for Solar Cycle 24

In this work, the effect of sunspots number (Ri) on the Total electronic content (TEC) were studied for the years (2008, 2014, 2018) which represents the rising phase, the peak and the down phase of the solar cycle 24 over Kirkuk station in Iraq at latitude 35° North and longitude 44° East, by finding the TEC values for the E – layer, the layer’s impression times are determined for the days of solstice and equinox. In this study the International Reference Ionosphere program (IRI) program have been applied to find the values of TEC which provided by the space research committee (COSPAR) and International Union of Radio Sciences (URSI), IRI have three upper side electron density options. The accuracy of this study was verified by the application conducted of the university of Hacettepe in Ankara, Turkey by matching the reading of TEC from Global Position System (GPS) with output data of TEC from the IRI for Ankara station which located at (39.7 N;32.76 E). And from this investigation turns out that the output data from the option IRI2001 was more consistent with reading of the GPS, than the rest of the other options. From this study by using the statistical program Minitab version 2018. There is a strong correlation between the Total Electron Content (TEC) of Ionospheric layer E and Sunspot number for solar cycle 24.

Effect of Surface Pretreatment on Hot Press Lap joining of High Density Polyethylene to Stainless Steel Alloy AISI 304L

Hot press bounding technique was used to join a polyethylene sheet of 4mm thickness to stainless steel AISI 304L of 1mm thickness. Three different process parameters were used during the joining process: pressure of 4, 6, 8 and 10 bar, processing time of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 min. and temperature of 115, 120, 125 and 130°C. The steel surface was treated with two methods: mechanical (scratch) and electrochemical (electro-polishing) treatment. A shear tensile, microstructure, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometry tests were used to examine the joint specimens. The effect of process parameters on the joint properties was analyzed by the Minitab program. The scratched and electro-polished joint specimens exhibited a maximum shear force of 1112 and 1022N respectively. The tested joints were failed by an interfacial shear and necking in the polymer side with a ductile fracture. The joining process was occurred by a mechanical interlocking between the molten polymer and pores of the treated surface of steel specimen. The average thickness of the joining line for the scratched and electro-polished specimens was 5 and 4μm.

Designing and studying operational parameters of hydrocyclone for oil – water separation

This research presents the design procedure for liquid – liquid hydrocyclone to separate kerosene – water emulsion. It studies the effects of varying feed flow rate (6, 8, 10, and 12 l/min), inlet kerosene concentration (250, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 ppm) , and split ratio (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9) on the outcomes; separation efficiency and pressure drop ratio . This study used factorial experimental design assisted with Minitab program to obtain the optimum operating conditions. It was shown that inlet concentration of 250 ppm, 12 l/min inlet flow rate, and 0.9 split ratio gave 94.78 % as maximum separation efficiency and 0.895 as minimum pressure drop ratio.

9 Pregnancy loss in Holstein lactating recipient cows diagnosed pregnant by pregnancy-associated glycoprotein test in blood

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy loss (PL) between Day 30 (P30) and Day 80 (P80) of pregnancy in lactating Holstein recipients that received an invivo- (flush) or invitro-produced (IVF) embryo. The recipient cows were located at Maddox Dairy in Riverdale, CA, USA, a Holstein herd that milks 3500 cows with a 305-day mature-equivalent milk production of 12 800 kg. First-lactation cows were enrolled in a Presynch-Ovsynch oestrus-synchronization program and scheduled to be artificially bred for the first time at 80 days after calving or to receive an embryo 7 or 8 days after the expected heat (recipients). The data from 590 pregnancies (1045 embryo transfers) from embryos transferred between January 2018 and March 2019 was analysed. Only grade 1 embryos (from morula to hatched blastocyst stage) produced invivo or invitro from Holstein donor heifers, lactating or dry cows, were transferred fresh (invivo or invitro) or frozen-thawed (invivo), and pregnancy rates are shown in Table 1. The ruminant trophoblast produces pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) that can be detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) in the blood of pregnant cattle as early as 28 days after insemination. Various dairy herds in the USA have been using this test to supplement or replace the use of transrectal ultrasonography for early pregnancy diagnosis. Blood was sampled on P30 after expected heat day (23 days after embryo transfer) from the recipient cows and sent to IDEXX for the PAG Bovine Pregnancy Test, which was reconfirmed on P80 of pregnancy by transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy loss was considered to have occurred when a cow was pregnant on P30 but not pregnant on P80. The variable PL was analysed by binary logistic regression in the MINITAB program, and the model included effects of donor status (heifer vs. milk vs. dry) and embryo type. The total PL was 12.2% (72/590) and the details are shown in Table 1. No effect of donor status (P=0.80) was detected. However, there was effect of embryo type (P=0.004). The IVF embryos had a PL of 18.0% compared with 9.5% for the invivo-produced embryos. Further research should be performed to study heifer embryos PL, because currently more embryos are being produced from very young donor cows and sires due to intensive use of genomic testing. In conclusion, there is a higher PL in lactating dairy recipients receiving IVF fresh embryos compared with fresh or frozen invivo-produced embryos. Table 1.Embryo transfer (ET) pregnancy rates (PR, P30) in first-lactation Holstein cows (top) and pregnancy loss (PL) from Day 30 (P30) to 80 (P80) in first-lactation recipient Holstein cows (bottom) Item Heifer donor Lactating donor Dry donor Total ET P30 PR% ET P30 PR% ET P30 PR% ET P30 PR% Invivo - fresh 6 3 50.0 43 25 58.1 329 206 62.6 378 234 61.9 Invivo - frozen 75 38 50.7 221 129 58.4 296 167 56.4 IVF - fresh 123 61 49.6 91 42 46.2 157 86 54.8 371 189 50.9 Total 129 64 49.6 209 105 50.2 707 421 59.5 1045 590 56.5 P30 P80 PL% P30 P80 PL% P30 P80 PL% P30 P80 PL% Invivo - fresh 3 3 0.0 25 24 4.0 206 186 9.7 234 213 9.0 Invivo - frozen 38 35 7.9 129 115 10.9 167 150 10.2 IVF - fresh 61 48 21.3 42 35 16.7 86 72 16.3 189 155 18.0 Total 64 51 20.3 105 94 10.5 421 373 11.4 590 518 12.2

Karakteristik Mutu Kadar air , kadar abu dan Organoleptik pada Penyedap Rasa instan

Flavoring is a product that is absolutely needed in people's lives today. The fact is that there are now many foods that contain unhealthy flavoring, especially MSG, Nike and anchovy have high levels of glutamate acid, so Nike and anchovy can be used as raw materials for natural flavoring. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that provide optimal results on the quality of instant flavorings produced and determine the effect of drying time, drying temperature and type of fish used on water content, ash content of organoleptic properties of instant flavoring. This study uses the Taguchi method design with 3 factors and mixed levels (2 and 4 levels) to optimize product and process design so that an optimal response is produced. The factors used are Drying Time (A), Drying Temperature (B), and Fish Type (C). The drying time used is 7 hours (A1); 8 hours (A2); 9 hours (A3) and 10 hours (A4). Drying temperatures used are: 500 (B1) and 600 (B2), while the types of fish used are wet anchovies (C1) and nike fish (C2). While the response variables used to determine the quality of instant flavorings are water content, ash content and organoleptic properties. Organoleptic quality response and shelf life will be determined by the optimization objectives in the Minitab program 16. The results of the research produced the best flavoring seen from water content is flavoring from Nike fish with a drying time of 10 hours and drying temperature of 800C, whereas if viewed from ash content, then the best flavoring is the flavoring of nike fish with a drying temperature of 800C and a long drying time of 8 hours

Semen Quality of Sentul Cock with Different Immunoglobulin Yolk Concentrations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different IgY concentrations on the quality of semen (macroscopic and microscopic) and testicular morphometry (weight, length and width of the testes) of Sentul cock testis and its ability to fertilize hens. This study used 4 months of 20 Sentul cocks consisting 10 high IgY concentration cocks and low IgY concentration cocks. This study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with 2 treatments namely low and high IgY concentration and10 times repetitions. Data were analyzed using t-test minitab program versions 16. Based on the result, different IgY concentrations did not affect the quality of semen and testicular morphometrics, but high IgY concentration cocks were able to fertilize more hens than the low IgY concentrations one by using dilution methods. This proves that high IgY concentration cocks are more effective and efficient cocks or stud.

Experimental and Statistical Investigation of Surface Roughness in Turning of AISI 4140 Steel

In this study, AISI 4140 tempering steel with 48 HRc hardness was machined on CNC lathe with different cutting parameters and cooling environment. The Taguchi L9 test design was developed based on the three-level cutting speed, feed, chip depth and cooling environment parameters. The average surface roughness (Ra) values were measured in experiments made according to the L9 test design. Chip form occurring during turning is photographed. The Signal/Noise (S/N) ratios of the Taguchi experiment design in the Minitab program have been determined. According to the experimental results, the most significant effect on the Ra from the four factors was found in the hand made by the depth of cut. In ANOVA analysis, it was respectively determined that depth of cut, cutting speed, feed rate and cooling environment affected 95% confidence in Ra value. It has been found that the repeat experiments for the optimum parameters yielded about 90% accuracy compared to the Taguchi estimate.

Approaches to the Development of Drugs with the Use of Modern Statistical Software Concepts and Quality-by-Design

Introduction. The development of the composition of drugs is very difficult and long process. To implement it, it is currently recommended to apply a modern approach – quality through the development of Quality by design. One of the methods for introducing this approach is the use of multifactorial experiments.Aim. The aim of the work was to develop the composition and technology of effervescent tablets using the Minitab program.Materials and methods. For the study used the program Minitab (ver. 18.), Minitab LLC, USA. The program created an experiment plan and evaluated those obtained on the basis of its models using regression analysis.Results and discussion. The composition and technology of effervescent tablets was developed by direct compression using the principles of Quality by design. Algorithms of actions for using the Minitab software package for development are proposed. An experiment plan was constructed and models of the dependence of quality indicators on the composition and technological parameters were generated. The resulting sub-sections were analyzed using regression analysis tools.Conclusion. Based on the results of the work, the composition of effervescent tablets obtained by direct compression technology, as well as the algorithm of drug development in the Minitab program, was proposed.

The Determination of Parkinson's Drugs in Human Urine by Applying Chemometric Methods.

The spectrophotometric-chemometric analysis of levodopa and carbidopa that are used for Parkinson's disease was analyzed without any prior reservation. Parkinson's drugs in the urine sample of a healthy person (never used drugs in his life) were analyzed at the same time spectrophotometrically. The chemometric methods used were partial least squares regression (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR). PLS and PCR were successfully applied as chemometric determination of levodopa and carbidopa in human urine samples. A concentration set including binary mixtures of levodopa and carbidopa in 15 different combinations was randomly prepared in acetate buffer (pH 3.5).). UV spectrophotometry is a relatively inexpensive, reliable, and less time-consuming method. Minitab program was used for absorbance and concentration values. The normalization values for each active substance were good (r2>0.9997). Additionally, experimental data were validated statistically. The results of the analyses of the results revealed high recoveries and low standard deviations. Hence, the results encouraged us to apply the method to drug analysis. The proposed methods are highly sensitive and precise, and therefore they were implemented for the determination of the active substances in the urine sample of a healthy person in triumph.

Compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante de los extractos de la hoja de chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill)

Después de la cosecha del fruto chirimoya, los árboles liberan enormes cantidades de hojas, las cuales son quemadas por los agricultores. Este trabajo muestra que las hojas pueden ser usadas para nuestro beneficio como antioxidante. Se determinaron los compuestos fenólicos (CF) y la actividad antioxidante (AA) de los extractos de la hoja seca de Annona cherimola Mill en etanol al 70% v/v, agua a 80 °C, y agua subcrítica (AS) a 110, 120 y 130 °C, siguiendo un diseño factorial con el programa Minitab. Los CF se cuantificaron con la metodología de Folin Ciocalteu y la AA con el 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) y con el poder antioxidante reductor del hierro (FRAP). Los resultados indicaron que el tipo de solvente y el tiempo de extracción presentaron un efecto significativo en el contenido de CF y AA de los extractos. Se concluyó que el extracto de hoja de chirimoya es un potencial antioxidante. El extracto de AS a 130 °C presentó el mayor contenido de CF (5,6 g EAG/100 g de hoja seca) y el extracto etanólico presentó mayor AA (0,86 mg equivalente trolox/mg extracto seco; IC50=0,020 mg de extracto seco/mL de extracto de hoja seca y FRAP de 1710,14 μmol equivalente trolox /g de hoja seca) y los extractos obtenidos con AS a menor temperatura presentaron mayores valores de AA.

Prevalência de persistência do canal arterial em neonatos em um hospital público

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de persistência do canal arterial (PCA) em neonatos em um hospital público.Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, observacional e de caráter descritivo. Foram coletados dados de 313 prontuários de recém-nascidos, observando a ocorrência do diagnóstico de PCA em uma amostra de neonatosinternados em um hospital público do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil no período de agosto de 2015 a agosto de 2016, até o 7º dia de vida. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, Apgar 1’ e 5’, desconfortorespiratório, uso de equipamentos de suporte ventilatório e utilização de medicamentos para a função respiratória. Os dados coletados foram processados estatisticamente através do programa Minitab. Resultados: la incidência da PCA é maior em prematuro quando a relação idade gestacional e peso ao nascer são inversamente proporcionais à PCA. A prevalência neste estudo foi de 2,6 % de recém nascidos com a cardiopatia, sendo que destes foi observado o desconforto respiratório em 4,3 % neonatos.Conclusão: a prevalência do canal arterial na amostra foi relativamente baixa, dentre os fatores associados ao aparecimento da cardiopatia, mas as alterações no quinto minuto de Apgar mostraram ser estatisticamente significantes. Sendo assim, identificar a ocorrência do diagnóstico da PCA e conhecer as repercussões respiratórias, pode auxiliar na programação da assistência e, em especial, favorecer a melhoria da conduta de enfermagem.

The Effect of Frying Conditions on Sunflower Oil Attributes

A sample of sunflower oil, produced from Homs Sugar Company, was used in this study to fry local potato by frying under air at household conditions, and frying under pressure (at 150-180ºC, pressure 10-15kg/cm²) for 12 continuous hours without adding new oil. The results were estimated statistically by using Minitab program version 17.0 at level 0.01. The results showed, in both cases of frying, an increase in the physical properties (density, viscosity, refractive index, and coloring degree) of used oil by increasing frying time. A decrease Iodine Number, increase Peroxide Number, increase the percentage of free fatty acids, increase of C16:0 and C18:1 acids percentage, and decrease of C18:2 and C18:3 acids percentage, associated by increasing frying time. But when frying under pressure we noticed that these changes were slow because of the unadequated oxygen presence during frying under pressure. So we can say that the oil was still usable for frying for a long time when frying under pressure more than when frying under air with the vessel is open.

ANALISIS KOMPARATIF PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KENTANG VARIETAS SUPERJOHN DAN VARIETAS GRANOLA L DI DESA PINASUNGKULAN UTARA KECAMATAN MODOINDING

The objective of this research is to know the comparison of Superjohn varieties and varieties of Granola L in Pinasungkulan Utara Village, Modoinding District. The location of the study was determined purposively (purposive sampling), the determination of the number of samples taken by census (Saturated Sampling) for farmers varieties Granola L as much as 20 farmers and 20 farmers Superjohn varieties taken simple random (Simple Random Sampling). The method of analysis used in this research is the analysis of farm income and komaparatif analysis by using t-test two samples Independent Sample T-test. The results showed that the average income of farmers Superjohn varieties is Rp.70.062.947,00 lower than the average income obtained by farmers varieties Granola L Rp.87.029.058,00. It can be seen that the average income difference between the two varieties is Rp.16.960.111,00. Based on statistical test results with MINITAB Program, the calculation of income per hectare obtained significant value of P-Value of 0.01 at α 5% that is 0,01 < 0,05. This means that H0 is rejected and H1 is tested for the fact that there is a significant difference between Superjohn varieties potato production income and Granola L varieties.

PHYSICAL TESTING NORMS OF TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS 13-15 YEARS OLD IN INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to develop the physical test norms of table tennis players, men and women of 13-15 years old. The research method used is by the service through the field measurement test. Data analysis uses test-retest and part-whole techniques with assistance of SPSS version 23 software, while normality test is by using Anderson Darling program Minitab 16. Samples of the research a total of 141 players consist of 73 men player and 68 women player, age 13-15 years old who have been training for at least 2 years and exercising frequency 3 times a week. Results of the test norms include: arm span length, hand reaction speed, tennis ball catching test, shuttle run, 20 meters fast run and multistage run. The table tennis physical test norms are classified into five categories that are very good, good, moderate, poor and very poor. Article visualizations:

English

The bentonite is an adsorbent material that is used frequently in industrial fields. bentonite was used with laser to treat wastewater, when laser is a new technique that has ability to remove the dye. Using of laser as a source to refresh with high efficiency has the important in industrial field.In this study laser diode with power 50 mw, He-Ne laser with power 10 mw and DPSSL with power 500 mw were used with the help of ultrasonic bath and H2O2 to promote the work of the laser. AFM and FTIR testing were made to bentonite to study the characteristics of it. Minitab program was used to facilitate calculations and choose the optimum parameters of experiments. The optimum input conditions of experiments to remove the dye from wastewater were chosen. The best concentration of bentonite is 4 g/l, the best temperature of wastewater is 42◦C, the best time of work is 27 min and the best concentration of H2O2 is 10%. It found from study that the increase of each parameters cause decrease in output concentration of wastewater. The accuracy of work was determined from Minitab program, it was 94.54%.

KARAKTERISTIK FISIK, KIMIA, DAN SENSORIS FRUIT LEATHER PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca S.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN GULA DAN KARAGENAN

Fruit leather is a fruit product that has been destroyed and then dried using an oven, so as to form a thin sheet that can be rolled. Fruit leather is generally a thin sheet with a thickness of 2-3 mm, 10-20% water content, plastis texture, was a consistency and a specific taste according to the type of fruit used. Ambon banana has a low pectin content that requires a gel-forming agent to produce the desired texture. One of the commonly used gelling materials is carrageenan. Carrageenan is one of the seaweed derived hydrocolloids that have the ability to form gel and can improved the texture of the product. Carrageenan in gel form must have a dehydrating compound. The common dehydrating agent is sugar. Sugar is a material that can attract water molecules that bind to carrageenan molecules, so that sugars can make a solid gel. The purpose of the study to determine the effect of additional sugar and carrageenan concentration on physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of fruit leather of Ambon banana and to determine the amount of additional of sugar and carrageenan concentration according to sensory data to produce fruit leather with good sensory characteristics. This study used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of two factors and three replications. The first factor is the percentage of sugar consisting of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The second factor is the percentage of carrageenan consisting of 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%. Tests carried out include physical characteristics (lighness, texture, tensile strength, and elongation), chemical characteristics (moisture content and ash content), as well as sensory characteristics (color, taste, aroma, texture and overall). The data obtained is processed using a fingerprint analysis analysis of variance using Minitab program V.1.7. If there is a significant difference or influence, then a tukey test on test level α ≤ 5% is used. The result of this research showed that the production of fruit leather of banana Ambon with the concentration of sugar and carrageenan added has a significantly characteristic sensory taste and texture, while no significant effect on the sensory characteristics of color, aroma, overall, physical characteristics (lightness, texture, elongation and tensile strength) and chemical characteristics (ash and water content). Determination of the best treatment in this study was found in A2B1 treatment using 10% sugar concentration and 0.3% carrageenan with a very liking assessment as follows 3% color; aroma 13%; 17% texture; 13% taste; and overall 13% with a total value of 59%.
 Keywords: caragenan, fruit leather, sugar

In Vitro Callus Induction from Leaf Explants of Vanda sp Stimulated by 2,4-D

<p class="IsiAbstrakIndo"><span lang="EN-GB">The addition of growth regulator is one of the critical success factors in in vitro cultures. 2,4-D as a plant regulator in media can stimulate the cell division, enlargement of the explants and promotes the formation and growth of callus. The purpose of this study was to determine the time of callus formation and to determine the best concentration of 2.4-D in inducing the growth of callus from leaf explants of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Vanda</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> sp. This research was conducted by experiment with completely randomized design, which consists of six levels of treatment concentration of 2,4-D i.e. 0 ppm; 1 ppm; 1.5 ppm; 2 ppm; 2.5 ppm; and 3 ppm. The parameters observed were the percentage of callus formation and the form of callus from </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Vanda</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> sp leaf explants. The results were statistically analyzed by using MINITAB program version 17. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and the difference between means score/value was separated by F test at p < 0.05. The results showed that 2,4-D treatment give significant effect (F 5,12 = 3,20; p = 0,046 < 0,05) on the callus growth time and its percentage. Application of 2 ppm 2.4-D was the best concentration for accelerating the callus growth time (14.3 days after planting) and increasing the percentage of callus formation (83.3%). Most of callus type were proliferative callus (36.11%) and senescence callus (11.11%). The results of this research are very important to grow the callus from Vanda leaves orchid explant because it is very diffucult to grow.</span></p>

Desarrollo infantil y nutrición. ¿Qué saben los estudiantes universitarios?

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios que se desempeñarán en la atención del binomio madre-niño deben reconocer la importancia que tiene el conocimiento sobre Desarrollo infantil, Nutrición y Alimentación en la atención temprana. Objetivo: Analizar qué saben sobre desarrollo infantil, nutrición y alimentación los estudiantes universitarios Material y Métodos: Estudio exploratorio mediante la realización de una encuesta semiestructurada en una población de 134 estudiantes de las licenciaturas de: Enfermería, Nutrición, Medicina, Psicología y Pedagogía de la Universidad Veracruzana. Los datos se procesaron en el programa Minitab 15 aplicándose pruebas de Kruskal Wallis Resultados: Los estudiantes mostraron dificultad al expresar sus conocimientos y el nivel de estos no fue homogéneo en los grupos, Las puntuaciones sobre desarrollo infantil fueron más altas en los estudiantes de Enfermería y Medicina, sin embargo, en todos los estudiantes, el conocimiento acerca de los hitos del desarrollo y Nutrición fue inferior a lo recomendado con una mediana de 5 de 10 y 3 de 18 aciertos respectivamente. Discusión y Conclusiones: El estudio reportó cono-cimientos insuficientes por lo que se debe promover que los estudiantes de licenciatura se apropien del conocimiento, favoreciendo que evalúen aspectos del desarrollo Infantil y Nutrición de manera cotidiana considerando la interacción con los padres de familia, a fin de que experimenten afinidad por el tema, profundicen en los conceptos y, de esta manera, mejoren su desempeño profesional permitiéndole identificar a los niños que presentan trastornos en su desarrollo o tienen riesgo de padecerlos. Se sugiere la creación de una unidad multidisciplinaria de Nutrición y Desarrollo infantil como espacio inter y transdisciplinar donde se brinden estrategias educativas a los futuros profesionistas involucrados en la atención temprana.

Analysis of the Influence of Different EDM Parameters Using Taguchi Technique

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a non-traditional material removal process developed in late 1940s has now become the most important technology in manufacturing industries. Taguchi technique has been applied for design of experiments with three input factors and their trinity levels utilizing L9 orthogonal array. The nine specimens were machined with different electrodes material where AISI 304 stainless steel had been used as a workpiece with kerosene as dielectric fluid. The major aim of this study is the evaluation to choice the principle specifications of electrical discharge machining with the assist of Taguchi technique and utilizing Minitab program in condition of material removal rate and electrode wear rate. The variance conditions examined during production the research on electrical discharge machining would be the electrodes material, current and workpiece thickness. The effect of each parameters and excellent performance variables will be achieve by means of ANOVA examination and conformed by investigation to enhance method.

KINSHIP ANALYSIS OF GRASS JELLY IN REGENCY OF GIANYAR, TABANAN AND BADUNG BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTIC

Grass jelly is one of the plants that has considerable potential as medicine and drinks. This study was conductedto determine how kinship plant species Grass jelly from three districts. The Exploration of Grass jelly plantsconducted in Gianyar, Tabanan and Badung, Bali province. Making preparations in the Structures Laboratory ofPlant Development (SPT) Faculty Udayana University and the Center of Veterinary (BBVet). This research wascarried out from September 2015-January 2016. This research method using the technique of embedding andfresh slices, FAA fixative (formaldehyde: glacial acetic acid: alcohol 70% = 1: 1: 9), 1% safranin staining in 70%alcohol. For the analysis of kinship qualitative and quantitative data were suspended leaf anatomical charactersto create table Taxonomy Operation Unit (OTU). The results are used OTU table into mini-tab program version14.The result showed that four species of grass jelly plants are Cyclea barbata, Stephania japonica, Stephaniacapitata and Cocculus orbiculatus. Leaf form is like shields and ellipse. Kinship four types of plant grass jellyfrom three districts are very much based on morphological and anatomical characters (level 15.64% similarity).