Minimum RMS Research Articles

Research on the Isolated Three‐Port DC‐DC Converter with Resonant Parameter Compensation Capability and Its Performance Optimization

AbstractIn order to eliminate the adverse effects caused by power coupling of the isolated three‐port converter (ITPC), this paper proposes a three‐port resonant converter that uses a switch‐controlled‐capacitor (SCC) and an auxiliary inductor, which has resonant parameter compensation capability (RPC‐ITPC). The topology and operational principle of RPC‐ITPC are discussed in detail. To achieve resonant‐type power decoupling, it is usually necessary to ensure that the resonant frequency of the decoupling port resonant tank is consistent with the switching frequency, which puts high demands on the accuracy of the resonant components. To address the sensitivity of resonant‐type power decoupling to the parameters of resonant components, an SCC was adopted to solve the problem. The use of SCC enables the RPC‐ITPC to have resonant parameter compensation capability. In order to further optimize the performance of the RPC‐ITPC, a triple‐phase‐shift (TPS) modulation strategy is proposed to achieve the minimum RMS value of resonant current (MRMS‐TPSMS). Under the MRMS‐TPSMS, the switching devices of the power decoupling port have difficulty achieving ZVS turn‐on. To circumvent this problem, we realize ZVS of the decoupling port switching devices via auxiliary inductor current injection. Finally, a 1 kW experimental prototype was constructed to validate the theoretical propositions presented in this study. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Enhancing two-dimensional growth of high-temperature AlN buffer to improve the quality of GaN on Si grown by ex situ two-step method

GaN epitaxial films were grown on Si substrates by ex situ two-step method combining the technologies of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The N/Al ratio of high-temperature AlN (HT-AlN) buffer layer was optimized, and its influence on the HT-AlN growth mode as well as the quality of GaN epitaxial films was investigated. When the N/Al ratio was 500, the two-dimensional growth of HT-AlN was greatly enhanced, and it obtained a coalesced and smooth surface with the minimum RMS surface roughness as 1.63 nm. The as-grown GaN epitaxial film had the best crystalline quality with the minimum full-width at half maximums of GaN(0002) and GaN(10 1¯ 2) as 0.14° and 0.22°, respectively. Owing to the high energy of PLD, the ex situ low-temperature AlN template had an abrupt Si/AlN interface and flat surface, which was of significance to improve the quality of HT-AlN buffer and GaN film.

Research on reactive power voltage control strategy of distribution network based on information sharing technology

Abstract In view of the fact that the traditional voltage control of the distribution network is suitable for local voltage control and affects the economy of the operation of the distribution network, a reactive power voltage control strategy of the distribution network based on information-sharing technology is proposed. First, the overall architecture of voltage control in the distribution network based on information-sharing technology is analyzed, and secondly, an algorithm based on the Jacobian sensitivity matrix is established with the minimum voltage RMS as the control goal. The model is solved, and finally, the effectiveness of the proposed voltage control strategy is verified by combining actual examples. The results show that the proposed voltage control strategy has a better voltage regulation effect and effectively reduces the overall voltage deviation of the distribution network.

Overmodulation Techniques of Asymmetrical Six-Phase Machine With Minimum RMS Current Ripple

Overmodulation Techniques of Asymmetrical Six-Phase Machine With Minimum RMS Current Ripple

An Adaptive Channel Selection Method for Assimilating the Hyperspectral Infrared Radiances

Abstract Hyperspectral infrared (IR) satellites can provide high-resolution vertical profiles of the atmospheric state, which significantly contributes to the forecast skill of numerical weather prediction, especially for regions with sparse observations. One challenge in assimilating the hyperspectral radiances is how to effectively extract the observation information, due to the interchannel correlations and correlated observation errors. An adaptive channel selection method is proposed, which is implemented within the data assimilation scheme and selects the radiance observation with the maximum reduction of variance in observation space. Compared to the commonly used channel selection method based on the maximum entropy reduction (ER), the adaptive method can provide flow-dependent and time-varying channel selections. The performance of the adaptive selection method is evaluated by assimilating only the synthetic Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) GIIRS IR radiances in an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE), with model resolutions from 7.5 to 1.5 km and then 300 m. For both clear-sky and all-sky conditions, the adaptive method generally produces smaller RMS errors of state variables than the ER-based method given similar amounts of assimilated radiances, especially with fine model resolutions. Moreover, the adaptive method has minimum RMS errors smaller than or approaching those with all channels assimilated. For the intensity of the tropical cyclone, the adaptive method also produces smaller errors of the minimum dry air mass and maximal wind speed at different levels, compared to the ER-based selection method. Significance Statement Assimilating satellite radiances has been essential for numerical weather prediction. Hyperspectral infrared satellites provide high-resolution vertical profiles for the atmospheric state and can further improve the numerical weather prediction. Due to limited computational resources, and correlated observations and associated errors, efficient and effective ways to assimilate the hyperspectral radiances are needed. An adaptive channel selection method that is incorporated with data assimilation is proposed. The adaptive channel selection can effectively extract the information from hyperspectral radiances under both clear- and all-sky conditions, with increased model resolutions from kilometers to subkilometers.

Addendum on ‘Entropy uniqueness determines temperature’

We discuss how to apply the proposed minimum entropy deviation criterion when there is a measurable property P for which there is a statistical mechanical theory as a function of temperature T. When P m can be measured more accurately than heat flow dQ, then P(T) can be inverted to obtain accurate values for T(P); following this, the minimum rms entropy deviation criterion using T(P) then can be used to refine measurements of dQ. When dQ is more accurately measurable than P, then measurement of dQ and the minimum rms entropy deviation criterion provides a means to obtain T, which can then be used to obtain more accurate values of P(T).

New insights into crustal and geological structures beneath the Southern Benue trough of Nigeria and parts of Cameroon Volcanic Line from tailored gravity data

We utilized a high-resolution tailored gravity dataset to investigate the geological structure beneath the Southern Benue Trough of Nigeria and along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). The tailored gravity data was obtained by applying a stochastic combination technique to integrate global gravity field model, terrestrial gravity data, and residual gravity data over the study area. We then carried out gravity techniques to compile the Bouguer gravity map and to estimate the crustal thickness. To obtain suitable estimates of the reference depth and density contrast of the Moho interface, we fitted the gravimetrically determined Moho geometry to the seismic estimates by minimizing the Root-Mean-Square of their differences. A minimum RMS of 3.6 km at a reference depth of 26 km and a density contrast of 450 kgm−3 was achieved over the study area. Our results reveal a dense magmatic feature criss-crossing the central portion of the study area. This phenomenon led to a thinning of the crust and formation of various geological structures, mainly at the southern end. We could see a very thick sedimentary cover within some of these structures possibly occasioned by compressional and extensional tectonic forces acting at the southwest end. Our study reveals that these compacted sedimentary covers could be important habitats for mineralization. We have also been able to refine and depict the lateral extent of the crustal architecture at a fine scale using our tailored gravity dataset. We concluded that the tectonic events beneath the study area are complex and point to several geophysical factors earlier revealed in published studies. However, a narrowing of two or more conjugate plates (margins) propelled by an upward force may have primarily led to the upward displacement of some of the magmas in-between those plates forming the intrusive rocks.

Power Boundary Controlled Single-Stage LLC Power Factor Correction Converter and Its Optimal Parameter Design

The time-domain analysis on single-stage LLC power factor correction (PFC) converter is performed in this paper, which reveals that PON mode may occur around the peak point of instantaneous input power and cause instability issue. In order avoid PON mode, the power boundary between PO and PON mode is calculated. For the common design methods of LLC PFC converter with average mode control strategy, the power boundary requires to be higher than the instantaneous input power at its worst point. However, higher power boundary brings higher RMS value of resonant current, and causes higher reactive power loss. Therefore, it is a wasteful designing methodology, as the other points of instantaneous input power don't need such high power boundary. In order to improve the efficiency, a power boundary control strategy is proposed in this paper. By controlling the input current to make the instantaneous input power follow the power boundary, PON mode is eliminated. Consequently, the required power boundary is overall reduced, and the minimal RMS current of resonant tank can be achieved. Furthermore, the optimal parameter design is also presented. A 90∼240VAC input and 250W/48V output experimental prototype has been built to verify the analysis results.

Observation of RIN reduction via spectral broadening in an NPR-based stretched pulse fiber laser.

We show that an optimum mode-locking state with low relative intensity noise (RIN) can be identified by continuous broadening of an optical spectrum in a stretched-pulse fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR). Under the premise of keeping the overall spectral shape unchanged, either gradually increasing the pump power or unidirectionally adjusting the polarization controller (PC) can effectively reduce RIN as the optical spectral bandwidth broadens. The optimized intensity noise performance of the laser can be attributed to the increased pulse energy and reduced intra-cavity net dispersion. Moreover, the integrated RIN will further decrease as the maximum 3-dB bandwidth extends. In our experiment, the detected minimum integrated rms RIN is below 0.003% (from 100 Hz to 100 kHz). Our experimental results find that the absolute spectral width is not a necessary key condition for obtaining low RIN mode-locked laser, whereas it may help understand and design versatile low-noise ultrafast laser sources.

Mathematical Simulation in Nuclear Medicine for Optimization Diagnostic Accuracy of SPECT/CT

Purpose: To develop the method of mathematical simulation in the field of nuclear medicine and its
 practical application in research aimed at improving the diagnostic accuracy of the SPECT/CT method.
 The basic principles of the method of mathematical simulation in nuclear medicine and the main modules of the software package “Virtual Platform for Simulation Tests of the SPECT/CT Method”, created
 at the laboratory for simulation in nuclear medicine of Novosibirsk State University and the Institute of
 Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.
 Material and methods: The main principles of the developed software package are the realism of the ‘virtual patient’ mathematical model, the accuracy in modeling of physical processes in visualization, as
 well as simulation conducting close to clinical practice. All studies were carried out in collaboration
 with clinicians. The software complex was verified by comparison with clinical data. Numerical experiments have shown a close correspondence between the results of clinical and virtual studies. In simulation tests, the same errors were obtained on images that were observed on clinical images. Simulation
 computer tests were carried out using the software package “Virtual Platform...” in the field of nuclear
 oncology, cardiology and neurology, aimed at studying the accuracy of images of pathological foci to assess the possibility of switching to quantitative SPECT, as well as optimizing the protocol for examining
 patients.
 Results: Simulation tests have shown that in order to move to quantitative SPECT, it is not enough to be
 limited to the development of a methodology for calibrating SPECT systems for a particular radionuclide. There are problems without understanding and solving which it is impossible to talk about the diagnostic accuracy of the quantitative SPECT method. Such problems are edge artifacts that appear on
 the images of pathological foci, and the rule of stopping the iterative algorithm when the values of activity in the area of interest (pathological focus) that are closest to the true values are reached. A stopping
 criterion based on Pearson's modified chi-square test of goodness of fit is proposed. There is a significantly good correlation between the proposed stop criterion and the minimum RMS error of the image
 reconstruction. The results of simulation modeling with the aim of optimizing SPECT examinations of
 brain perfusion demonstrated the possibility of reducing the data recording time compared to the standard protocol by at least two times.
 Conclusion: The computer simulation method presented in this paper is a practical technology that
 contributes to the optimization and development of a quantitative SPECT method to achieve the best
 possible results in the imaging of pathological foci. Further development of the software package is focused on applications in radionuclide therapy and theranostics.

Detailed study of the Boötes field using 300–500 MHz uGMRT observations: source properties and radio–infrared correlations

ABSTRACT The dominant source of radio continuum emissions at low frequencies is synchrotron radiation, which originates from star-forming regions in disc galaxies and from powerful jets produced by active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We studied the Boötes field using the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope at 400 MHz, achieving a central minimum off-source rms noise of 35 μJy beam−1 and a catalogue of 3782 sources in ∼6 deg2 of the sky. The resulting catalogue was compared to other radio frequency catalogues, and the corrected normalized differential source counts were derived. We use standard multiwavelength techniques to classify the sources in star-forming galaxies (SFGs), radio-loud AGNs, and radio-quiet (RQ) AGNs that confirm a boost in the SFG and RQ AGN populations at lower flux levels. For the first time, we investigated the properties of the radio–infrared (IR) relations at 400 MHz in this field. The $L_{\rm 400\, MHz}$–LTIR relations for SFGs were found to show a strong correlation with non-linear slope values of 1.10 ± 0.01, and variation of qTIR with z is given as qTIR = (2.19 ± 0.07) (1 + z)−0.15 ± 0.08. This indicates that the non-linearity of the radio–IR relations can be attributed to the mild variation of qTIR values with z. The derived relationships exhibit similar behaviour when applied to Low-Frequency Array at 150 MHz and also at 1.4 GHz. This emphasizes the fact that other parameters like magnetic field evolution with z or the number densities of cosmic ray electrons can play a vital role in the mild evolution of q values.

Research on Power Decoupling and Parameter Mismatch of Three-Port Isolated Resonant DC–DC Converter Applied Switch-Controlled Capacitor

In order to realize the controllable power decoupling and eliminate the influence of the parameter error of the resonant elements, a three-port DC-DC converter applied switch-controlled capacitor is proposed. The operating principle and transmission power expression of the proposed three-port converter under triple-phase-shift control are analyzed. By adjusting the phase shift angle of the switch-controlled capacitor (SCC) to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonant tanks, the topology-level power decoupling of the circuit at a constant frequency can be achieved. The addition of switch-controlled capacitors provides more freedom for power regulation between ports. Besides, according to the proposed converter, a design method for the parameters of the resonant tank is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by the parameter error of the resonant elements. Then an optimized triple-phase-shift modulation strategy is adopted to achieve the minimum RMS value of the resonant converter. An experimental prototype was designed to verify the correctness of the proposed converter and modulation strategy.

Analytical and Normalized Equations to Implement the Optimized Triple Phase-Shift Modulation Strategy for DAB Converters

A fully normalized algorithm to implement the optimal triple-phase shift (TPS) modulation strategy of the dual active bridge converter is proposed in this paper. The algorithm evaluates three simple expressions that fit the optimal solutions obtained in recent works, which allows the algorithm to be implemented in real-time and valid for the whole operating range. As a result, the converter operates under zero voltage switching conditions and minimizes conduction losses. In addition, the algorithm considers the minimum current required to guarantee zero voltage switching condition that faces undesired dead-band of switching devices effect. The proposal achieves soft transition between any operation region and fast closed-loop response with no stability concern, presenting robustness under leakage inductance deviation. Finally, the algorithm presented in this paper is verified with a 4 kW experimental prototype. Experimental results show that the algorithm proposed can be evaluated with less than 2.8 μs and allows soft transition between any operation region to be achieved. Besides, fast closed-loop changes of 750 μs through all the operating ranges, keeping minimum RMS current under zero voltage switching, are shown.

Role of Multi-Constellation GNSS in the Mitigation of the Observation Errors and the Enhancement of the Positioning Accuracy

Using Precise point positioning (PPP) technique can help to reach decimeters accuracy for positioning by using one receiver only. Since it set to track Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Recently BeiDou and Galileo systems have been devolved periodically and increasing the number of working satellites. Addition to those all-global Navigation systems is able to receive triple frequency signals. The effect of using Multi constellation of GNSS and combination of different systems with each other’s need to be investigated. In this paper, four Multi GNSS EXPERIMENT (MGEX) stations with 24 hours observation files and 30 second interval time during a 1 week of averaged data of January 2020 (2134 GPS week) are used to investigate the accuracy of using combined solution of GNSS with 12 cases of study. Data were processed by PPPH program. To investigate the effect of using the different GNSS combinations while using the PPP method, contrast experiments have been tested by mixing dual frequency ionospheric-free PPP models in static mode with G only, GLO only, G + GLO, G+ B, GLO+B, G+GAL, GLO+GAL, GLO+B+GAL, GNSS, G +GAL+B, G+GLO+B and G+GLO+GAL combination cases, where G refers to GPS, GLO refers to GLONASS, GAL refers to Galileo and B refers to BeiDou. The results show that the combined GPS and Galileo observation in PPP solution improves the convergence time and gives the shortest convergence time of the 12 study cases with average value 53 minute and with minimum value 35 minute. By comparing the root mean square error (RMS) values, the combination of G+GL+B had the minimum RMS error in North and East direction with minimum value 1.2 cm, maximum value 1.8 cm and average value1.45 cm. And the combination of GLO+GAL+B had the minimum RMS errors in up directions with average value 2.775 cm and minimum 2.775 cm and maximum 4.5 cm. In conclusion, the results indicate that the combination of different GNSS can give more accurate solution of the PPP. The combined PPP has shown an improvement in the convergence time in the case of using combined of G and GAL observation, while the positioning accuracy after convergence has no shown significant improvement. The result of G+GAL+B give the minimum RMS error in North and East direction and the combination of GLO+GAL+B give the minimum RMS errors in up directions.

A Closed-Loop High-Frequency Current Shaping Method to Achieve Trapezoidal Transformer Current in a Current-Fed Dual Active Half-Bridge Converter for Minimum RMS Current and Wide-Range ZVS

This article proposes the use of primary and secondary side duty ratio control along with the phase shift control in a current-fed dual active half-bridge (DAHB) converter to achieve trapezoidal transformer current, which results in zero voltage switching (ZVS) of all the switches and minimum rms current even at light loads, for a wide range of input voltage. The high-frequency transformer current is directly sensed at specific transition instants by a delay-adjusted sampling strategy to be used as control variables in a current control structure. This is better because the voltage control of capacitor voltages would have required more expensive sensors. A simple and accurate small-signal model of the converter is developed, and the relevant transfer functions are derived. The controller design details are provided. Finally, experimental results on a 1-kW laboratory prototype demonstrate the effectiveness of the closed-loop duty ratio control in achieving trapezoidal transformer current resulting in improved efficiency and ZVS of the switches, compared to a simple phase shift control.

An 11-15GHz multifunctional MMIC with 1.7° RMS phase error, 26.5dBm P<sub>sat</sub> and >30% PAE for T/R module

This paper presents an 11-15GHz MMIC multifunction chip (MFC) with phase and amplitude control. The chip is based on the common-leg structure and comprises a phase shifter (PS), attenuator (ATT), T/R switch, gain compensation amplifiers (AMPs), driver stage AMPs and parallel control circuits. In the 11-15GHz bandwidth, measurements show that the gain and saturation power (Psat) are higher than 21.5dB and 26.5dBm, while the efficiency is more than 30% in TX mode. In RX mode, the small signal gain is more than 10.2dB, the NF is less than 9.8dB, and output 1dB power (OP1dB) is more than 8.5dBm. The measured minimum RMS phase and amplitude errors are 1.7° and 0.45dB, respectively.

АЛГОРИТМ ОБРАБОТКИ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-ВРЕМЕННЫХ СИГНАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СИСТЕМЫ MIMO-OFDM В УСЛОВИЯХ АКТИВНЫХ ПОМЕХ

An algorithm for processing space-time signals based on a MIMO-OFDM communicationsystem in the presence of active interference is described. Theoretical calculations are given, thedetection of approaches that often cause the bandwidth of the communication channel when leavinga point source of active interference. The task is relevant in the conditions of dense urban development,as well as the steadily growing need to improve noise immunity and communicationquality without bandwidth coverage. To process information in a MIMO-OFDM system withoutinterference, engineers mainly use the criterion of maximum signal-to-noise ratios, however, in thepresence of active interference, the Wiener criteria. It measures the minimum RMS pilot measurementerror in OFDM. In this case, a signal receipt of a monetary amount, an eigenvector is detected,weight processing is performed, a signal is received that occurs according to the minimumerror criterion. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology with pilot subcarriers isreduced at the receive frequency in frequency and modulation code. Thresholding was found in thedecrypted code, produced by the RMS comparison. The arrival of big money comes from this ownnumber. Pilot-based enumeration searches for the minimum acceptable error. The eigenvector ofthe found signal will be for weight processing. Experiments are carried out to detect a signal in acommunication channel with and without adaptation using the Wiener criterion and the presenceof interference with two types of modulation (QAM-4, BPSK). The results show that the adaptationimproves the BER (bit error rate) state along the entire line of the curve and for all SNRs.The developed algorithm can be used for communication and control systems of unmanned aerialvehicles in the presence of active interference.

W-band Scalable 2×2 Phased-Array Transmitter and Receiver Chipsets in SiGe BiCMOS for High Data-Rate Communication

This article presents a pair of W-band phased-array transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) chipsets in a 0.13- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SiGe BiCMOS process for high data-rate wireless communication. Both the chips integrate four compact front-end channels in 2 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 distribution, and the distance between the adjacent RF pads is less than 1.8 mm ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.56\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 90 GHz) to fit for the tight antenna array and enable array scaling by tiling multiple unit cells. A 6-bit active phase shifter based on the improved phase-inverting variable gain amplifiers is leveraged to achieve high phase-shift precision and bandwidth concurrently. A noise reduction technique using a parallel inductor to resonate with the parasitic capacitors of the cascode transistors is adopted in the low-noise amplifier design. A novel miniature power combiner, which occupies a much more compact area than the Wilkinson power combiner while delivering great RF performance, is proposed and elaborately analyzed. System-level calibration for local oscillator (LO) leakage and dc-offset suppression is enabled by introducing digitally controlled current sources into the up-conversion and down-conversion mixers. On-wafer measurements for the TX chip exhibit a single-channel IF-to-RF conversion gain (CG) of 26 dB, a competitively high output 1-dB compression point (OP <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm {1\,dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of 11 dBm. The RX chip achieves an RF-to-IF CG of 19.5 dB with 9-/14-GHz IF/RF 3-dB bandwidth, a noise figure of 7.7 dB, and an input 1-dB compression point of −28 dBm. The phase-shift characteristics are verified by the TX/RX front-end measurements, achieving a 6-bit phase resolution with minimum rms phase/gain error smaller than 0.83°/0.45 dB and a large phase-shift bandwidth higher than 20 GHz. Preliminary wireless transmission test using a low-cost die-on-printed circuit board (PCB) prototype demonstrates wireless data rates of 1.6 and 0.8 gigabits per second (Gb/s) at distances of 0.4 and 1 m with 256-quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM modulated signals, respectively.

A 23.4 mW −72-dBc Reference Spur 40 GHz CMOS PLL Featuring a Spur-Compensation Phase Detector

This letter introduces a novel phase detector (PD) for suppressing the reference spur in a 40 GHz integer- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> phase-locked loop (PLL). Coined as a spur-compensation phase detector (SCPD), the proposed SCPD duplicates itself to an auxiliary path for an edge-combined phase alignment, such that the spurs generated by the two paths mutually compensate for each other, achieving a net effect of spur canceling. Implemented in a 40-nm CMOS technology, the proposed PLL shows less than −71.4-dBc reference spur, −98- and −117-dBc/Hz phase noise at 1- and 10-MHz offset, respectively, and a minimum rms jitter of 114 fs (10 k–100 MHz). It consumes 23.4-mW power from a 1.1-V power supply, leading to a figure of merit (FoM) of −245 dB.

Simulation of the polygonal turning process

The present work provides a numerical simulation model for the polygonal turning process. The model considers the kinematic and dimensional parameters of the process. Simulations considered the effects of speed ratio, λ, and number of cutting inserts, z, on the form and errors of the resulting cross section profile. Profile form is represented by the number of profile sides. Profile errors are represented by profile deviation from an ideal profile. Profile errors include radial error distribution, root mean squared, RMS, and straightness, STR, errors. Simulation results showed that for integer values of λ the number of simulated profile sides agrees with the corresponding number obtained from analytical models available in the literature. For fractional values of λ, simulations showed the ability to predict the number of profile sides, thus, covering a shortcoming of analytical models. An equation is introduced to calculate the number of sides of poly-turned profiles for integer and 0.5 stepped values of λ. Simulation results also showed considerable profile errors due to curvature of profile sides. Small values of λ, less than 2, resulted in convex sides while larger values of λ, larger than 2, resulted in concave sides. Optimum parameters, λ = 2 and z = 4, resulted in a minimum RMS and STR errors of 0.114 and 0.212 mm respectively.