Minimum Production Cost Research Articles

Perencanaan Produksi Makanan Laut dengan Pertimbangan Permintaan dan Kapasitas

The sea holds many resources that are very important for life, and one of them is the potential of fisheries, which is a basic human need. Indonesia, as a maritime country whose waters cover 2/3 of its territory, most of its people who live in coastal areas have utilized this condition by conducting fisheries management activities. However, the process still needs technical support to optimize the results. This research will review the production planning process of processed marine products under demand uncertainty. This research will construct a model to minimize production costs by considering demand uncertainty. The model will be computed using Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) method to provide the decision of processed products produced and the amount of production.

Imitation Learning Based Fast Power System Production Cost Minimization Simulation

Production cost minimization (PCM) simulation is an important tool for long-term power system simulation and assessment. However, solving a PCM problem is always time-consuming for its numerous binary variables. Besides, as modern energy systems have various planning options, the slow solution speed of PCM problems cannot satisfy the requirement of quick assessment of various plans. Most previous works on accelerating PCM problems ignore the importance of accurate solutions on proper assessment but only provide approximate solutions. Therefore, this work provides a fast PCM simulation method with optimality guarantee based on imitation learning. Compared with the popular open-source solver SCIP under default rules, the proposed method can find the optimal solution faster or provide smaller gap when the preset solving time limit hits. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Synergistic recovery of renewable hydrocarbon resources via microwave co-pyrolysis of biomass residue and plastic waste over spent toner catalyst towards sustainable solid waste management

The present study unveiled the effect of operating temperature, blending ratio and catalyst addition on the product distribution during microwave co-pyrolysis of Hydnocarpus de-oiled seed cake (HDSC) and Waste electrical and electronic plastic (WEEP). In this work, a new approach of “treatment of wastes with waste” was proposed by converting spent toner powder into a low-cost catalyst. Initially, co-pyrolysis process was conducted in which the operating temperature were changed to 450, 500, and 550 °C corresponding to HDSC:WEEP mixture ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100. The result shows that oil phase yield was significantly higher for 50:50 mixture ratio and this condition further selected for addition of catalyst. The catalytic co-pyrolysis result shows that produced oil have a density of 0.862 g/mL, high calorific value of 39.51 MJ/kg and viscosity 2.71 cSt which is comparable to commercial diesel fuel. The GC-MS study discovered that addition of catalyst could significantly suppress the oxygen and nitrogen compounds while promote the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons through Diels-Alder reaction mechanism. Finally, techno economic analysis revealed that 1000 kg/h plant demonstrated to be economically viable, with minimal production cost (USD 0.53/L compared to USD 1.15/L of commercial diesel fuel price in India).

Pengaruh Variasi Parameter Proses Pembubutan Poros untuk Menghasilkan Kondisi Pemotongan Ekonomik dan Kondisi Pemotongan Produktif

This study aims to find out how to determine the optimal shaft turning process parameters to produce minimum production costs and maximum production quantities, then to determine the optimal shaft turning process parameter values to produce minimum production costs and maximum production quantities in this study. In this study, an experimental research method was used which began with making working drawings of the shaft up to the turning process. Based on the results of the test data obtained, it shows that , the conclusions obtained include: The greater the value of the cutting speed used, the machining time will shorten. This can be proven by an example using the same feed, namely 0.25 mm/r. The greater the value of the feed used, the machining time will be shortened. This can be proven by an example using the same cutting speed of 180 m/min. In the use of the parameter roughing cutting speed of 180 m/min and finishing cutting speed of 251 m/min. The greater the value of the cutting speed used, the lower the surface roughness value.

Comparative analyses of holder pasteurization vs. HTST pasteurization for donor milk: a cost-minimization study applicable to human milk banks

BackgroundHigh-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization (72–75 °C, 15 s) is an alternative treatment to traditional Holder pasteurization (HoP) (62ºC, 30 min) for donor milk. HTST pasteurization guarantees the milk’s microbiological safety and retains more of its biologically and nutritionally active compounds, but the cost of implementing this technology for a human milk bank is unknown.MethodsA cost-minimization study was carried out on the facilities of a regional human milk bank in a public hospital. Total production costs (fixed plus variables) were quantified using HTST pasteurization and HoP in three hypothetical scenarios: (1) costs of the first 10 L of pasteurized milk in a newly opened milk bank; (2) costs of the first 10 L of pasteurized milk in an active milk bank; and (3) costs using the maximum production capacity of both technologies in the first two years of operation. The following costs were analyzed: health care professionals, equipment and software, external services, and consumables.ResultsIn scenario 1, the total production costs were € 228,097.00 for the HTST method versus € 154,064.00 for the HoP method. In scenario 2, these costs were similar (€ 6,594.00 for HTST pasteurization versus € 5,912.00 for HoP). The cost of healthcare professionals was reduced by more than half when pasteurization was carried out by the HTST method versus the Holder method (€ 84.00 and € 191.00, respectively). In scenario 3, the unit cost of milk pasteurized by the HTST method decreased from the first to the second year by 43.5%, while for the HoP method, it decreased by 30%.ConclusionsHTST pasteurization requires a high initial investment in equipment; however, it provides a significant minimization of production costs in the long term, pasteurizes large quantities of donor milk per working day and achieves a more efficient management of the time of the health care professionals in charge of the bank’s operation compared to HoP.

A comprehensive review on design and development analysis and blade material selection of helical Savonius rotor

The helical Savonius rotor (HSR) is used as green energy generation. The accurate design of HSR is essential before installing any wind farm in a region. It has been widely employed that positive static torque coefficients of helical Savonius rotor are higher compared to conventional semicircular rotor stated by several researchers. The reason is behind that the formation of secondary vortex of fluid. It is leading by vertical vortex flow, which passes over the curve surface and creates drag force. Still now, various design have been proposed to meet peak power output through optimum geometry parameters like blade profile design, aspect ratio and overlap ratio. The selection of blade material is also the influencing parameter to improve the starting torque of the rotor. In this regards present paper is aim to study the details experimental, numerical, and analytical review on HSR and selection of blade material with minimum production cost.

Karakteristik tekan, bending dan morphology komposit mortar ringan diperkuat serat limbah tekstil

The composites was made from a foam mortar matrix with Hydrolized protein reinforced textile waste fiber and the compressive strength, flexural strength and fracture morphology characteristics of the composite have been reported. This study investigated the effectiveness of adding textile fiber waste to lightweight mortar composites to improve the mechanical characteristics of the composites, reduce weight and minimize production costs of mortar composites. Mortar composites are fabricated by varying the volume fraction of textile waste fiber from 0 to 1.2% (of the composite density). The results revealed that the addition of textile waste fiber to the mortar composites decreased bending strength and bending modulus. The maximum compressive strength of the mortar composite was obtained at a volume fraction of 0.6% textile fiber waste (0.30167 MPa) and the lowest compressive strength of 0.149 MPa was owned by the mortar composite without textile fiber waste (composite BTA). This phenomenon caused by the fiber pull out, interface bond between textile waste fiber and matrix, as shown from the SEM photo. The addition of excess textile fiber waste from optimal conditions reduces mechanical performance due to increased voids in the mortar composite. However, this strategy helpful to reduce the weight of the concrete, reduce production costs and reduce textile waste.

Development of optimal placement and sizing of FACTS devices in power system integrated with wind power using modified krill herd algorithm

PurposeThis study aims to intend and implement the optimal power flow, where tuning the production cost is done with the inclusion of stochastic wind power and different kinds of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices. Here, the speed with fitness-based krill herd algorithm (SF-KHA) is adopted for deciding the FACTS devices’ optimal sizing and placement integrated with wind power. Here, the modified SF-KHA optimizes the sizing and location of FACTS devices for attaining the minimum average production cost and real power depletions of the system. Especially, the objective includes reserve cost for overestimation, cost of thermal generation of the wind power, direct cost of scheduled wind power and penalty cost for underestimation. The efficiency of the offered method over several popular optimization algorithms has been done, and the comparison over different algorithms establishes proposed KHA algorithm attains the accurate optimal efficiency for all other algorithms.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed FACTS devices-based power system with the integration of wind generators is based on the accurate placement and sizing of FACTS devices for decreasing the actual power loss and total production cost of the power system.FindingsThrough the cost function evaluation of the offered SF-KHA, it was noted that the proposed SF-KHA-based power system had secured 13.04% superior to success history-based adaptive differential evolution, 9.09% enhanced than differential evolution, 11.5% better than artificial bee colony algorithm, 15.2% superior to particle swarm optimization and 9.09% improved than flower pollination algorithm.Originality/valueThe proposed power system with the accurate placement and sizing of FACTS devices and wind generator using the suggested SF-KHA was effective when compared with the conventional algorithm-based power systems.

Comparison of carbon fiber and glass fiber partial foot orthosis by Experimental and computational method

Many persons living in industrialized nations who have undergone lower limb amputations now have better function and a higher quality of life because of significant prosthetic foot research and development advancements over the past 20 years. A drawback of this new R&D is that the vast majority of end users in developing nations cannot use it because of the components' high price, low durability, high maintenance requirements, and limited accessibility. Research is needed in this area to build and improve a prosthetic foot that is extremely valuable, meets economic, environmental, and physical standards, and can withstand harsh working environments and climates. A successful prosthesis that strives to maximize function while minimizing production costs typically relies on the elasticity of its component materials to produce a “spring,” which resembles a physiological foot's stride. To identify design elements influencing improved functional results, this study examined the mechanical parameters of PFOs, specifically structural stiffness, rotational motion, and strut deflection. Diabetes patients frequently receive prescriptions for insoles and footwear to help avoid the development of foot ulcers. Plantar peak pressure (PPP) is decreased in areas of interest using insoles and sturdy footwear (ROI). These areas are known as the heel and metatarsal phalangeal joints 1–2. While previous research has looked at the effectiveness of individual materials in partial foot orthoses, this study provides a direct comparison of carbon fiber and glass fiber materials. By using both experimental and computational methods, the study is able to provide a comprehensive assessment of the performance of these materials in partial foot orthoses.This study is designed to compare the pressure distribution of two different kinds of insoles.

Thermo-economic optimization of organic Rankine cycle with steam-water dual heat source

Dual-loop ORC (D-ORC) and single-loop ORC (S-ORC) systems can be employed to steam-water waste heat recovery. The maximum net output power and minimum electricity production cost (EPC) are considered as optimization objectives. To optimize the thermo-economic performance and obtain the Pareto front, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is employed, and the decision is made by TOPSIS and entropy weight method (EWM). The results show that the EPC of the S-ORC system is lower than that of the D-ORC system under any heat source condition. However, the net output power of the S-ORC system exceeds that of the D-ORC system when the steam mass flow rate and hot water inlet temperature are 10 kg/s and 110 °C, respectively. When the steam mass flow rate or the hot water inlet temperature is higher, the S-ORC system has more distinct advantages in terms of thermo-economic performance. When the working fluid at the outlet of hot water preheater of the S-ORC system is in a two-phase state, the optimal steam outlet pressure is invariably the lowest for operation, and cost can be reduced by removing the steam preheater. In the D-ORC system, the optimal steam outlet pressure is consistently the lowest allowable pressure.

In Vivo Digestibility of <i>Brachiaria deflexa</i> and <i>Echinocloa colona</i> Supplemented with Cowpea Haulms in Sahelian Goats

A study of In vivo digestibility of <i>Brachiaria deflexa</i> and <i>Echinocloa colona </i>fed<i> </i>Sahelian bucks supplemented with 30% cowpea haulms was conducted in the Scientific Garden of the University of Sciences and Technology of Ati in Chad by September 2018. Twelve (12) Sahelian bucks weighing around 28. 62 ±2. 97 kg, aged between 20 and 24 months were used for this feeding trial. Four (4) groups of three (3) animals were housed in individual metabolic cages, where they were treated with Oxytetracycline 20% long-acting (1ml/10 kg) and 1% of Ivermectin against gastrointestinal and pulmonary worms before trials. Four rations were made and distributed hazardly to each group as follows: <i>Brachiaria deflexa</i> without supplement of cowpea haulms (BF₀), <i>Brachiaria deflexa</i> suplemented with 30% cowpea haulms (BF₃₀), <i>Echinocloa colona</i> without suplement (EF₀) and <i>Echinocloa colona</i> suplmented with 30% cowpea haulms (EF₃₀). Each animal received 1000g of feeds twice a day for basal feeds during the adaptation period (14 days). After this period, data were collected for seven (7) days. The result shows that <i>Echinocloa</i> <i>colona</i> supplemented with 30% cowpea haulm induced a significant (p<0.05) intake of DM (697.2g), OM (525.14g), and CF (214.35g) in Sahelian bucks. While, digestive utilization of these elements was comparable (p> 0.05). Though, digestive utilization of nitrogen (58.68g) was significantly (P<0.05) high in bucks. Biochemically, blood concentration with protein elements (protein, albumin, and globulin) was similar in bucks fed <i>Brachiaria deflexa </i>or<i> Echinocloa colona </i>alone or associated with 30% cowpea haulms. As such, bucks could be fed with dried forage without cowpea supplements to minimize production costs.

Productive qualities of bull-calves of beef and joint breeds

This article presents the results of a study on the search and development of the most optimal breed for beef production and growing technology using fattening and fattening in the conditions of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. An experiment was conducted at Hammer LLC, the object of which was the bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus, Swiss and Kalmyk breeds bred in the region. From birth to 18 months of age, bull-calves of all breeds were distinguished by high payment for feed by increments. They spent 5.4-6 feed units per kilogram of growth. The feed fed to one bull for 18 months of rearing contained 2918-3235 feed. units and 295-325 kg of digestible protein. Live weight at the age of 18 months in bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed was 589.4 kg, which is more by 28.4 and 68.4 kg than in bulls of Swiss and Kalmyk breeds, respectively. The slaughter yield in young animals of all breeds was high from 60.1 to 61.6%. However, heavier carcasses were obtained from bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed, which is higher than that of Swiss and Kalmyk bulls by 6% and 12.9% at 18 months, respectively. The calorie content of carcass pulp in animals of all breeds was quite high (2274-2346 kcal at the age of 15.5 months and 2470-2700 kcal at 18 months).When determining the economic efficiency of growing bulls up to 15.5 and 18 months of age, it was revealed that the highest payment for feed was shown by animals of the Aberdeen Angus breed, which spent 11.1 per 1 kg of live weight gain for 15.5 and 18 months of growing, respectively.and 10.7 feed units. At the same time, the Aberdeen Angus breed had the minimum production costs per unit of production. In bulls at the age of 15.5 months, they were 5.3 and 17.0% lower than in Swiss and Kalmyk cattle, and at the age of 18 months, they were 11.1 and 20.3% lower, respectively.

Manta ray foraging optimization algorithm with mathematical spiral foraging strategies for solving economic load dispatching problems in power systems

Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is an effective dispatch strategy to improve economic efficiency while ensuring the safety and stability of the power system. It minimizes production costs by rationally allocating the power generated by each power system unit. In this paper, an Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) algorithm based on the mathematical spiral foraging strategy is proposed to solve the ELD problem in power systems considering transmission losses. Eight different mathematical spirals were introduced into the MRFO algorithm's foraging strategy, including the Rose spiral, Archimedes spiral, Fermat spiral, Cycloid spiral, Hypotrochoid spiral, Epitrochoid spiral, Inverse spiral and Lituus spiral. The mathematical spiral foraging strategy can enhance the global search ability of the MRFO algorithm and improves its convergence velocity. To verify the performance of the proposed improved MRFO algorithm, 30 benchmark functions are tested and the optimization performances are compared with BOA, AOA, SCA, HHO, WOA, RSA, and GWO. The simulation experimental results show that the performance and application of the manta ray foraging optimization algorithm based on the mathematical spiral foraging strategy outperform other intelligent optimization algorithms tested on 30 benchmark functions. Finally, two ELD cases with total demands of 2500 MW and 10500 MW are selected and solved using the improved manta ray foraging optimization algorithm. Comparing the simulation results with other optimization algorithms, it is shown that the proposed improved algorithm obtains the best fuel cost and smaller transmission loss in almost every test case, which canl help to improve the economic efficiency of the power system and achieve the goal of economic load dispatch.

Electropolishing Stainless Steel Optimization Using Surface Quality, Dimensional Accuracy, and Electrical Consumption Criteria

Electropolishing (EP) processes require high electrical consumption that must be optimized to minimize production costs without sacrificing the objectives of surface quality and dimensional accuracy. The aim of the present paper was to analyze the effects of the interelectrode gap, initial surface roughness, electrolyte temperature, current density, and EP time on aspects of the EP process applied to AISI 316L stainless steel, which have not been examined in the literature, such as polishing rate, final surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, and electrical consumption cost. In addition, the paper aimed to obtain optimum individual and multi-objective considering criteria of surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and electrical consumption cost. The results showed that the electrode gap was not significant on the surface finish or current density, and the EP time was the parameter having the greatest effect on all criteria analyzed, with a temperature of 35 °C showing the best electrolyte performance. The initial surface texture with the lowest roughness Ra10 (0.5 ≤ Ra ≤ 0.8 μm) obtained the best results with a maximum polishing rate of ~90% and minimum final roughness (Ra) of ~0.035 μm. The response surface methodology showed the EP parameter effects and the optimum individual objective. The desirability function obtained the best global multi-objective optimum, while the overlapping contour plot provided optimum individual and simultaneous per polishing range.

SISTEM PERTANIAN TERPADU TANAMAN PADI DAN BEBEK PETELUR

ABSTRACTThe integrated farming system is an effort to take advantage of the linkages between food crops, horticulture, plantations with livestock and fisheries. One of the activities carried out by the Benteng Mikro Indonesia Sharia Cooperative is through member empowerment activities, namely rice cultivation and duck farming. Rice cultivation activities carried out on an area of 10 hectares. The yield obtained during the cultivation period was 32 tons, of the 32 tons of GKP produced as many as 27 tons of GKG. Laying duck feed is obtained from the bran produced from the grain milling process using a micro-scale milling machine. The micro-scale machine used has a capacity of 1 ton per hour to produce rice into rice, with the production of 1 ton of milled dry grain can produce 30-40% bran. The bran is used by farmers to feed laying ducks, the aim is to minimize production costs, especially feed costs. The need for bran in 100 ducks per day is 15 kg to 20 kg, so the costs incurred are Rp. 30.000/day for feed. Other feed is in the form of snails which are also obtained from rice fields cultivated by farmers. The income of duck egg farmers is Rp. 78,000,00. If it is assumed for 30 days then per month the income received by the farmer is Rp. 2,340,000,00. The role of the integrated farming system in the Indonesian Benteng Mikro Syariah Cooperative in empowering members of farmers or breeders through production cost efficiency and increasing daily income by combining rice cultivation and laying ducks..Keywords: paddy, duck

Sustainable Multi-Objective Production Planning for the Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Industry in Saudi Arabia: A Preemptive Goal Programming Approach

This research presents a preemptive goal-programming model for sustainable multi-objective production planning for the refrigeration and air conditioning industry in Saudi Arabia. The model was solved using LINGO software, taking into account market demand, production revenue, production time, and production cost data to optimize production planning. The findings showed that the objectives of minimizing production cost, maximizing sales revenue, and maximizing machine utilization were achieved, with no negative or positive deviational variables. The study suggests that by using sensitivity analysis, the company can increase costs by 2.14% to minimize production costs in the following year, but this could result in a 4.37% reduction in revenues. Overall, the goal-programming model demonstrates the potential for the refrigeration and air conditioning industry in Saudi Arabia to achieve its goals for cost optimization, sales revenue maximization, and resource utilization.

Optimalisasi Pengelolaan BUMNag Duo Baleh Suku Melalui Pelatihan Manajemen Bisnis dan Keuangan

This service program aims to increase the knowledge and capacity of BUMNag Duo Baleh Suku managers regarding business management competence and financial governance of village-owned enterprises. The method used in implementing this community partnership service is Participatory Learning Action (PLA). While the activity implementation technique is offline, with several stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage and the monitoring and evaluation stage. The instrument for evaluating this activity is through questionnaires and interviews which are analyzed descriptively. The results of this dedication show that there is an increase in the capacity of BUMNag Duo Suku managers in business management and financial governance. In making decisions, management is able to read market orientation while still minimizing production costs without reducing quality. For financial governance along with the preparation of financial reports (cash flow statements, profit and loss statements and company balance sheets) made by the treasurer already follow the SAK financial accounting standards and are made using Microsoft Excel.

Biochemical limitations of Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides production in a wheat bran culture medium

Bacillus thuringiensis, a gram-positive sporulating bacteria found in the environment, produces, during its sporulation phase, crystals responsible for its insecticidal activity, constituted of an assembly of pore-forming δ-endotoxins. This has led to its use as a biopesticide, an eco-friendly alternative to harmful chemical pesticides. To minimize production cost, one endemic Bacillus thuringiensis sv. kurstaki (Btk) strain Lip, isolated from Lebanese soil, was cultivated in a wheat bran (WB) based medium (IPM-4-Citrus project EC n° 734921). With the aim of studying the biochemical limitations of Btk biopesticide production in a wheat bran based medium, the WB was sieved into different granulometries, heat treated, inoculated with Btk Lip at flask scale, then filtered and separated into an insoluble and a permeate fractions. Several biochemical analyses, ie. bio performances, starch, elemental composition, total nitrogen and ashes, were then conducted on both fractions before and after culture. On a morphological level, two populations were distinguished, the fine starch granules and the coarse lignocellulosic particles. The biochemical analyses showed that both the raw and sieved WB have a similar proteins content (0.115 g/gdm WB), water content (0.116 g/gdm WB) and elemental composition (carbon: 45%, oxygen: 37%, nitrogen: 3%, hydrogen: 6%, ashes: 5%). The starch content was 17%, 14% and 34% and the fermentable fraction was estimated to 32.1%, 36.1% and 51.1% respectively for classes 2, 3 and 4. Both the elemental composition and Kjeldahl analyses showed that the nitrogen is the limiting nutrient of the culture.

Impact of multiple infill strategy on the structural strength of single build FDM printed parts

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology manufactures the functional prototypes of different thermoplastics and is among the most popularly used technique of additive manufacturing. Filling pattern is one of the reputable parameters in FDM, defined as the internal printed structure of parts; mainly influences the part's strength and its mechanical properties, print time, print quality, and weight. Filling patterns are categorized as internal and external infill patterns and different arrangements such as honeycomb, rectangular, triangular, rectilinear, etc. are available for both categories. In this article, a strategy based on the joining of different infill patterns in a single build part is used to validate the impact of this approach on the strength-to-weight ratio and cost of the manufactured part. Honeycomb, rectilinear, triangle, and rectangular patterns were chosen as individual infills and all possible combinations of these patterns have been examined. The time and material required to build a part are noted from the slicing software to estimate the cost of printed parts. To evaluate the strength-to-weight ratio, tensile testing has been performed. Experimental results have shown that the combination of rectangular and triangular patterns gives a 13 %, 20 %, 27 %, and 4 % increase in strength-to-weight ratio in comparison with rectilinear, triangular, rectangular, and honeycomb individual infills, respectively. Based on the comparative study of obtained results, a rectangular infill combination with a triangle pattern is suggested; which has an optimum strength-to-weight ratio along with minimal production cost, and is recommended for Fused Deposition Modeling.

Experimental study of a rapid rate biofuel production in a cyclone type reactor

A cyclone-type transesterification system at a pilot scale setup is developed to minimize production costs. This device works on the concept of a cyclone separator in which the straight vegetable oil was injected tangentially to create a vortex. Then a solution of methoxide was poured slowly. An electric heater was provided externally for the perfect reaction of SVOs with methoxide solution. Biodiesel is gaining prominence as substitute of fossil-fuel to minimize the diminution of fossil fuels. It is a safe storable, non-toxic renewable energy source with characteristics comparable to petro-diesel. In the present biodiesel production system, the denser particles were forced towards the chamber wall and light particles in the central position of the reactor. Hence, due to the gravity effect, denser particles fell below in the collection chamber and recirculated, and the biodiesel is obtained after the reactor's completion in a specific time. The developed system is an effective and efficient technique to reduce reaction time and production cost with enhanced production capacity in a small reactor.