Productive qualities of bull-calves of beef and joint breeds

Abstract

This article presents the results of a study on the search and development of the most optimal breed for beef production and growing technology using fattening and fattening in the conditions of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. An experiment was conducted at Hammer LLC, the object of which was the bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus, Swiss and Kalmyk breeds bred in the region. From birth to 18 months of age, bull-calves of all breeds were distinguished by high payment for feed by increments. They spent 5.4-6 feed units per kilogram of growth. The feed fed to one bull for 18 months of rearing contained 2918-3235 feed. units and 295-325 kg of digestible protein. Live weight at the age of 18 months in bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed was 589.4 kg, which is more by 28.4 and 68.4 kg than in bulls of Swiss and Kalmyk breeds, respectively. The slaughter yield in young animals of all breeds was high from 60.1 to 61.6%. However, heavier carcasses were obtained from bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed, which is higher than that of Swiss and Kalmyk bulls by 6% and 12.9% at 18 months, respectively. The calorie content of carcass pulp in animals of all breeds was quite high (2274-2346 kcal at the age of 15.5 months and 2470-2700 kcal at 18 months).When determining the economic efficiency of growing bulls up to 15.5 and 18 months of age, it was revealed that the highest payment for feed was shown by animals of the Aberdeen Angus breed, which spent 11.1 per 1 kg of live weight gain for 15.5 and 18 months of growing, respectively.and 10.7 feed units. At the same time, the Aberdeen Angus breed had the minimum production costs per unit of production. In bulls at the age of 15.5 months, they were 5.3 and 17.0% lower than in Swiss and Kalmyk cattle, and at the age of 18 months, they were 11.1 and 20.3% lower, respectively.