Minangkabau Adat Research Articles

Woman Creativepreneurship Based on Minangkabau Culture

Indonesia comprises various ethnic cultures, which has its own uniqueness. One element of culture is a livelihood system. The Minangkabau ethnic community has a uniqueness that is represented by the tradition of migrating and the livelihood system of trading. Migrants were initially only carried out by men but later were also joined by women. Many Minangkabau women migrants are successful in their overseas and trading businesses. This prompted this research to be carried out with the title Minangkabau Woman Creativepreneurship. This paper applies qualitative approach, with ethnographic research methods and an anthropolinguistic paradigm. The informants in this research were 10 Minangkabau women who were creative in running their businesses. The location of this research is Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. This research found 7 (seven) Minangkabau Woman Creativepreneurship values, namely: (1) religiosity, (2) hard work, (3) discipline, (4) honesty, (5) never giving up, (6) thriftiness, and (7) creativity. These values were internalized from the teachings of the Minangkabau adat. It is deemed that cultural values are represented in and internalized from language in the form of adages, forming attitudes, character, ethos and ethics and behavior, leading to their success. These findings are relevant to the current state of unemployment rates and in motivating local cultural education in the education system.

The Existence of Rumah Gadang in Kuok Village West Bangkinang District Kampar Regency

Rumah Gadang as a characteristic of the Minangkabau ethnic group within the government of Povinsi Riau. Nowadays Rumah Gadang in Kuok regency of Kampar regency is abandoned by its owner and neglected to make its condition worrisome. Cultural place of residence, RumahGadang is a place of cultural social activities of Ethnic Minang in Kanagarian Kuok Kampar regency. In fact, Rumah Gadang is no longer functioned by the Kuok community in its role in Minangkabau adat. This paper highlights the existence of the current Gadang House in the socio-cultural life of the Kuok people. This research was conducted with qualitative research approach, with descriptive method. The data were collected by observation, interview, documentation and through bibliography. The research instrument is the researcher himself as a key instrument. From the results of research and data analysis that the existence of the Rumah Gadang (Lontiok House) is not fully intact, even some of it has been damaged and lost because in addition to changing times that are constantly changing, the condition of the area that is not supportive, and also because of the mobile community. Thus the status of Riau Province, especially Kampar Regency which was formerly a part of Minangkabau (West Sumatera) is not the influence of cultural objects (Rumah Lontiok) abandoned, changed, but because of socio-cultural change factors consisting of internal factors including factors family, economy, condition of building materials, new innovations, especially in the building system of the house

The Padri Movement and The Adat: A Comparative Analysis

The Padri Movement was an Islamic puritan movement at the turn of the 19th century in West Sumatra (Indonesia). The leaders wanted to purify the Minangkabau society from un-Islamic influences. The growing conflict led to the Padri war (1821-1838). In this research paper, the author analyzes why many major elements of the matrilineal Minangkabau adat (customary rules) could maintain their significant functions. The author concentrates on three theoretical concepts that intend to answer these questions. Furthermore, the author also wants to offer a new perspective on the Padri movement, namely by using a structuralist way that includes a diachronic and synchronic way of looking at the Padri War. By looking at one concrete historical event, it is intended to get a better understanding of the Minangkabau adat. It was detected that there was not a strict dividing line between the adherents of the traditional system and the puritan movement. However, both sides gradually adjusted to the given situation, and the adat accepted more Islamic norms.

Staying at Home: The Perspectives of Minangkabau Ulemas Concerning Husbands' Provision of Sustenance in Covid-19 Impacted Households

The article discusses the perspectives of Minangkabau ulemas in West Sumatra concerning the ruling for husbands incapable of providing a living for their wife as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In West Sumatra, some husbands were unable to provide sustenance to their wife because they were dismissed from their employment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study findings are highly specific as Minangkabau customs and culture are grounded on a matrilineal system, yet they remain to be based on Islamic sharia. The research data were acquired by in-depth interviews with three influential ulemas in West Sumatra and a prominent customary figure who is the Chair of the Minangkabau Adat Council. The study found that according to the Minangkabau customary and cultural perspective, husbands are duty-bound to earn a living outside their home while their wife remains at home. Such spousal relationship has an impact on the wife’s acceptance of the husband who became jobless since they were dismissed on account of the pandemic. A condition wherein wives can accept being married to a husband incapable of providing a living on account of the COVID-19 outbreak does not become a legal issue. Accordingly, the study will have implications on the formation of new categories concerning the husband’s obligation to provide sustenance to his wife during a state of emergency.

RE-DESAIN LAYOUT BUKU DUDAYA ALAM MINANGKABAU

Minangkabau custom is a value that governs all social life in Minangkabau. The book on natural Minangkabau culture is a reading that teaches the values of Minangkabau adat. The loss of local content in the 2013 curriculum made the community especially Minang begin to forget the values of this Minangkabau. Therefore, the writer makes a reading material for the Minangkabau natural culture book, which is a re-design of the Minangkabau natural culture book. The design is based on book theory, color, typography e 5W + 1H data analysis technique is (what, when where, who, why and how). In addition to designing the Minangkabau Natural Culture book as the main media, thisdesign has supporting media such as posters, x-banners, stickers, bookmarks, totebags, instagram feeds, and e-books.Keywords: Book, re-design, layout, natural Minangkabau culture

Legal Certainty in the Management of Agricultural Land Pawning in the Matrilineal Minangkabau Society, West Sumatra

Agricultural land pawning is not a new phenomenon to the traditional communities (Masyarakat Adat) in Indonesia, especially the matrilineal Minangkabau people who rely on their agricultural land for economic transactions. Based on the national law, customary law (referred to as Adat Law hereafter) is to prevail over agrarian issues in Indonesia. But even so, agrarian issues remain under the influence of national law. This study discusses the management of agricultural land pawning in the matrilineal Minangkabau society according to national, Adat, and Islamic laws. Despite its popularity, the Adat law approach in dealing with land issues, especially agricultural land pawning, has not been well accommodated under National Law. This paper investigates how agricultural land pawning is regulated in Indonesia, with a focus on the Minangkabau society in West Sumatra. This paper does not seek to promote one legal system over another, but instead, it intends to promote legal certainty in agricultural land pawning in West Sumatra. To show how the lack of legal certainty can lead to confusion and conflict, this study relies on the contradicting verdicts of an agrarian conflict case from lower courts to the Supreme Court. The study reveals that the contradiction between national agrarian laws, Minangkabau Adat law and West Sumatra local Regulation No. 16/2008 on Communal Land Tenure causes confusion within the community and the judiciary. Legal certainty is crucial to strengthening the rule of law and democracy in Indonesia, and the conflicting interpretations of agrarian laws belittle this concept. This study suggests that one way to deal with legal uncertainty regarding agrarian law in West Sumatra, and throughout Indonesia, is to promote a stronger and more just decentralization, which is increasingly important as the country faces the question of legal unification. The suggested decentralization effort would leave local issues to the authority of local legislations.

ANALISIS DIKABULKANNYA PERMOHONAN PENINJAUAN KEMBALI SETELAH PELAKSANAAN PUTUSAN SENGKETA GADAI TANAH ULAYAT

The settlement of agricultural land plot disputes over communal ulayat often culminates in the settlement in the realm of the Court. The judge's ruling is based on Law Number 56 Prp of 1960 and there are decisions based on Minangkabau Traditional Law. The problem was how the consideration of the panel of judges on the settlement of agricultural land disputes over ulayat of the people in the decision of Review of number 394 PK/PD/2011 and How the position of the land buyer in the settlement of agricultural land disputes disputes over ulayat people after the release of judgment review number 394 PK/PDT/2011. The method used to solve the problem was normative juridical, meaning that by using the approach of legislation and relevant theory will illustrate the legal certainty relating to the problems that have been formulated. The result of the research which was derived from the problem formulation was obtained the result, the settlement of agricultural land disputes over the ulayat of the people in the court should be based on the National Legislation and the Minangkabau Adat Law provisions, the two legal bases are contradicted and in the decision of Review Number 394 PK/PDT/2011, the Panel of Judges of Judicial Review did not base the judgment of the Review on the National Law and Minangkabau Customary Law and the possession of the object was submitted to the purchaser of the object of such pledge. The judge's opinion on this Review was false, unfounded and not fair because it was inconsistent with the National Law and Minangkabau Law.

CASE ANALYSIS OF YOUNG MAMA (MAMAK COMPLETE URUSAN IN TREASURE OF PUSAKA) MINANGKABAU

Indonesia, known as the motto or motto of the nation "Bhinneka tunggal ika" which means that "different but still one" from Sabang to Merauke Indonesia country has different customs or cultures in ways and behaviors that characterize each region. Minangkabau adat is basically the same as custom in other tribes of Minangkabau cultural distinctiveness with other cultures in Indonesia because Minangkabau people embrace the lineage system according to Mother or known as matrilineal. In addition, Minangkabau cultural customs regulate the distribution of inheritance harmonized with the matrilineal system so that the inheritance is left to the women. In solving a dispute related to Mamak's heritage is one of the traditional figures who participate in it, Mamak is expected as a central figure with the role of overcoming the problem of equitable division of inheritance, but instead doing the right by contradicting and selling the people's inheritance called harto pusako high (high treasures) in MinangkabauMamak is expected as a central figure with the role of overcoming the problem of equitable division of inheritance, but instead do the right otherwise by pawning and selling the inheritance of the people called harto pusako tinggi (high treasure) in Minangkabau (especially Kota Solok). In fact, many cases of Mamak have been involved in criminal law issues related to property disputes disputes, so many of them inhabit the penitentiary. This research is a research with descriptive type with qualitative approach. Therefore, this research can be used as one of the suggestions for relevant stakeholders for equitable division of heritage, and minimize the perjualbelian of the treasury itself. This research was conducted in West Sumatera Province in Solok City area. Sources of data used, namely: primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study with Observation, Interview, and Library Studies.The conclusion that can be obtained from the results of the research is the cause of the shift in the role of Mamak or deviation from the role of Mamak, among others, caused by the insistence of economic influence and globalization and the lack of musyawarah between Mamak with kemenakan in making a decision taken by Mamak so that the birth of a term Aia gadang , baraliah barn, batuka season, customs and atmosphere will barobah so that the treasure is not given for the benefit of the nephew but for the sake of his family which basically belongs to Bundo kanduang instead turns into the property of Mamak itself.Keywords: Minangkabau Adat, Role of Mamak, Heritage Treasure

Perkawinan Bajapuik dan Konsekwensinya dalam Keluarga

Marriage is a way for people to develop offspring, therefore every marriage must meet certain requirements both based on positive law, religion and besides that there is a customary law that is not less important in the process of each crisis rites of human life, which is different but always maintained by community, this research is a normative research which sourced from primary and secondary data that is book, law, journal, research result. The result of the study that the position of men in Minangkabau adat is low and physically he has no place in his mother's house and does not have any rights as father in the household, even the boys are not paid attention, if there is divorce of men who come out of the house, on the property of the gonogini except the property of origin and if the wife dies the husband's relatives must immediately pick up the widower to return to his family, if there is a conflict of women's families who have the right to speak, this position that raises the character of Minangkabau women is always arrogant and dominating

Penerapan nilai toleransi antar budaya dalam pelaksanaan hukum kewarisan Islam pada masyarakat perbatasan di Rao Pasaman Sumatera Barat

The Rao community on the border of West Sumatra inhabited by ethnic Minangkabau and ethnicMandailing is a plural society that embraces two kinship systems. The patrilineal, the matrilineal, and theparent. But in the process of their interaction for decades there has been interaction through culturaltolerance in the kinship system. Here the birth of a parental kinship and familial system is the mostdominant character in this multi ethnic Rao region as a new kinship system built in their social interactionprocess for hundreds of years. This system also affects the inheritance division system in theirinteractions. As for the inheritance distribution system, indigenous peoples of the border, especially theRao area, have applied several types of inheritance distribution: First, Rao customary people use the newcustomary law of parental system which combines two customs as the first spear in determininginheritance. Second, they use Islamic law, because the Minangkabau and Mandailing are Moslems, so theyuse Islamic law in the inheritance. Third, they use national law, because if customary law and Islamic lawdo not want to be used then they use national law. These three systems are all intercultural toleranceamid differences in their customary system between Minangkabau adat matrineal system and Mandailingcustom patrineal system.

Identity in dispute: law, religion, and identity in Minangkabau

The article explores the comparatively peaceful reconstitution of the relationships between law, religion and identification processes among the Minangkabau in West Sumatra, Indonesia, since the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998. The local reorganization of village government and land claims included the revitalization of adat institutions which in turn provoked a reconsideration of the role of Islam, as indeed of the meaning of ‘being Minangkabau’, indicating tensions within the relationships between matrilineal Minangkabau adat, Islam, and the state. The paper seeks to explain this reconsideration and contestation of Minangkabau identity, and how the various actors mobilize identification with a particular legal order within the plural legal constellation enhanced by the recent decentralization process in Indonesia. Disputes seem to be an important avenue for understanding identification processes, and conversely, disputing cannot be understood without a comprehension of identity formation.

Islamic Law, Adat and State Law Franz von Benda-Beckmann on Systems of Property and Inheritance in Minangkabau

Franz von Benda-Beckmann is a famous figure in the field of legal pluralism. He is one among scholars who propose to understand the plurality of norms in a society. Among his many works, those on Minangkabau are well-known in the study of Anthropology of Law (Rechtsethnologie). This article attempts to analyse his ideas in a book entitled Property in Social Continuity: Continuity and Change in the Maintenance of Property Relationships through Time in Minangkabau, West Sumatra published in 1979. It has its relevance in the seminar Anthropology of Islamic Law, especially when the book talked about the pluralistic situation of laws in Minangkabau on problems of property and inheritance. Because the book is predominantly about Minangkabau adat, the author focuses on adat’s relation with Islamic law and more specifically on the problem of inheritance which has been a source of much “competition” between both systems to regulate the society. Keyword: Islamic law, adat, Minangkabau, anthropology, legal pluralism

AYAM BATINO LAH BAKUKUAK: OTONOMI DAERAH DAN KETERLIBATAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMERINTAHAN NAGARI DI SUMATERA BARAT

This paperdiscuss the local autonomy process in West Sumatra, especially regarding the “babaliak ka nagari” (return tunagari) process and the role of women in the new nagari formation. The existence of nagari has been influence by several external forces including colonialism, Islam and the modern state. The absence of woman in the nagari government reflects the strength of Islamic and colonial influences and policy of central government on Minangkabau adat and nagari. The local autonomy process give chances and opportunities for women to participate and become involve in the local governance. In the new provincial and regency regulations women are one component of village representative council,then,thedirect local election system makes it possible for women to become a village mayor. Keywords : Local autonomy, role of women and nagari government Copyright © 2011 by Kafa`ah All right reserved DOI : 10.15548/jk.v1i2.73

BUNDO KANDUANG: A POWERFUL OR POWERLESS RULER? LITERARY ANALYSIS OF KABA CINDUA MATO (HIKAYAT NAN MUDA TUANKU PAGARUYUNG)

Kaba Cinduo Mato cannot be separated from Minangkabau social life, both in public and private spaces. This kaba describes the life of’ Bundo Kanduang Bundo Kanduang, believed by most of Minangkabau people as the first queen of Pagaruyung. It is believed that Bundo Kanduang established the foundation of Minangkabau government system which was based on Islamic and matrilineal principles. The legend of Bundo Kanduang, whose image has still dominated the daily life of Minangkabau women in contemporary Minangkabau society, has become the research focus of some researches who are interested in analysing gender politics within Minangkabau society. The image of Bundo Kanduang in Kaba Cinduo Mato is used in order to answer some questions such as “Who holds the power within Minangkabau society?” and “Is it possible for a woman to be a leader, both in public and private spaces, in Minangkabau adat society?”. This article analyses the image of Bundo Kanduang as described in Kaba Cinduo Mato. The main argument of this article is that Bundo Kanduang is described in Kaba Cinduo Mato as a ruler, who has a full authority in leading her government in Pagaruyuang kingdom, and a mother, who is strong and wise. Moreover, this kaba strengthens the description of Minangkabau as a matrilineal society where its women have some privileged rights and play significant roles in their community.

Change and Continuity in the Minangkabau Matrilineal System

It is said that in Minangkabau society in ancient times, property was given to one's children instead of to one's kemanakan (one's sororal nieces and nephews).1 One day, Datuk Katumanggungan and Datuk Perpatih nan Sebatang, the two founders of the Minangkabau adat, wished to go to Aceh. After they sailed out from the port of Tiku/Pariaman on the west coast, the sea suddenly ebbed, for that was the divine decree of God. As a consequence, their ship ran aground on the The two datuk gathered all their children and kemanakan together and said, Hai, children and kemanakan, let us tow this ship, because it has run aground on the sand. Their children answered, We are afraid that we will be run over by the Their kemanakan replied, If that is the wish of our elders, let us tow the ship. It does not matter even if we are run over by the ship and killed in the process, for it is the ship of our elders that has run aground. All the kemanakan then got off onto the sand and pulled the ship. With the assistance of the spirits, the ship floated again of itself and moved to the middle of the sea. Later, following the advice of Cati Bilang Pandai, their able servant, the two datuk decreed that from that time on all the property was to be given, not to the children, but to the kemanakan as a reward of their services. In this way, according to the tambo (traditional historiography), did the matrilineal system in Minangkabau society originate.

“Tradition”, matriliny and change among the Minangkabau of Indonesia

Minangkabau is perhaps best known in anthropological circles for its system of matrilineal clans and lineages. This fame is more than any thing else due to the important work of de Josselin de Jong (1951) based on a vast amount of literature devoted to the study of Minangkabau adat (customary law) which appeared in the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century. The discussion of Minangkabau social organisation more recently has stimulated a considerable amount of work on the nature of social change in West Sumatra, and in particular on the effects of the penetration of capitalism on matrilineal organisation. Gough, for example, suggests traditional matrilineal systems break down as a result of economic changes brought about by contact with Western industrial nations. She argues the dissolution of matriliny means that matrilineal groups disintegrate. In their place, the elementary family emerges as the key kinship group ... (in Schneider and Gough, eds., 1962: 631). She cites the work of de Josselin de Jong and Schrieke (1955) in her attempt to show such is the case for Minang kabau. The student of modern Minangkabau society is, however, faced with a curious paradox. While Schrieke, writing of the period after the turn of the century, discussed the breakdown of matriliny, and while pre dictions of its demise are frequent (cf. Mare tin, 1961), matrilineal organisation seems to retain an important place in modern Minang kabau. This survival has been described for urban areas in West Sumatra (cf. Evers, 1975), but as yet little has been published on the role of present-day matrilineal kinship in its more setting, i.e. the nagari or villages of the Minangkabau heartland. It is my intention in this article to present a synthesis of some material