Milk Marketing Research Articles

Beyond economic motives: Value of indigenous dairy cattle breed for the livestock keepers in India

Indigenous cattle not only provide milk, dung and draught power but are also a crucial part of India’s ecologicaland cultural heritage. Despite this, they are facing threat of extinction. Absence of information regarding theirmultiple roles and monetary estimates of the benefits, obstructs the investment for their conservation. Currentstudy attempts to assess the economic value of different benefits of one of the best indigenous cattle breeds ofIndia, Sahiwal. Choice experiment was used for collecting primary data from 168 dairy farmers which was thenanalyzed using random parameter logit model. ʽCultural valueʼ of Sahiwal occupied the major share (29.93%) oftotal economic value followed by ʽindirect use value (21.25%)ʼ and ʽexistence value (18.40%)ʼ. Interestingly, shareof ʽdirect consumptive use valueʼ was comparatively lower. This indicates that any decision on conservation takensolely on the basis of direct consumptive use value is unlikely to maximize the societal welfare. Development ofspecific market for milk and milk products of Sahiwal, promotion of the breed as symbol of peace and unity throughvarious cultural and heritage parks, and revival of organic farming can incentivize the Sahiwal rearing farmers whichcan then supplement the conservation efforts of the government

Cow's milk still leads in the United States: The case of cow's, almond, and soy milk

AbstractWhile cow's milk and plant‐based milk are often hypothesized to be substitutes, much remains unknown about the impacts that plant‐based milks have on the retail price for cow's milk, if any. We explore the individual retail price relationship between two plant‐based milks, almond and soy, with cow's milk. If the markets are cointegrated, and shocks in the plant‐based markets affect the cow's milk market, it can add volatility to cow's milk prices, which could have implications for costs and benefits of the USDA Dairy Margin Coverage Program and price calculations by the Federal Milk Marketing Orders (FMMO). However, while we find evidence that plant‐based milk prices react to shocks in cow's milk prices, we do not find evidence that cow's milk prices respond to changes in plant‐based milk prices.

Samsun İli Ondokuz Mayıs İlçesi Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinin Genel Özellikleri ve Bazı Yetiştiricilik Uygulamalarının Süt Verimi Üzerine Etkileri

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the structural properties and the effects of husbandry practices on milk yield in dairy farms of Ondokuz Mayıs district of Samsun. While the data were obtained by face-to-face surveys and observations in a total of 59 farms those had ≥10 head cattle between January and June 2018, environmental factors affecting daily milk yield (DMY) were separately evaluated. Important negativeneses were determined on the barn type, bedding material using, calving pens, weaning period of calves, claw care and udder cleaning in the farms. It was informed that local bazaars and cooperatives were commonly used for raw milk marketing, and high feed price was the most important problem. DMY was significantly affected by the experience of farm owner, number of the milking cows, amount of concentrate feed that given and milking type. It was concluded that farm properties and herd management methods have to be restored to elevate milk production in the investigated farms.

Traditional Livestock System and Improvement of Cow’s Hygienic Milk Quality Sold in N’Djamena, Chad

Unlike most Sahelian towns, the production and selling of milk in N’Djamena is generally made in a traditional way and causes a serious hygiene and public health problem. This survey aims to improve the hygienic quality of milk by reducing contamination at critical points in the milk production chain. The approach is based on using suitable, cleaning and disinfection equipment’s of milking, collection and storage. The results showed contamination had significantly decreased by comparing the situation before and after interventions. The average of total mesophilic flora felt from 3106 to 104, total coliforms from 6.8103 to 3.9101; thermotolerant coliforms from 2101 to 0.6101 and Staphylococcus from 1.07102 to 1.5101. The pH increased from 6.55 to 6.6 and the dornic acidity from 20 to 21. The investment cost is 15 FCFA/day in the village with 146 liters of milk sold at 275 FCFA per unit. It is 12 FCFA/day per dairy unit for 324.6 liters sold at 533.33 FCFA per unit. The model for improving the hygienic quality of milk sold in N’Djamena improved the physico-chemical qualities of milk and significantly reduced the rate of microbial contamination. The general hygiene improvement and especially personal hygiene quality was weak because it is very difficult to change traditional behavior, but the boil milk action contributed to reduce the initial contamination.

Research of the determination method of furfurals and furosine in milk and the application in the quality evaluation of milk

The heat treatment process usually affects the quality and safety of milk and could produce different compounds, including furosine and furfurals. To help evaluate the effect of different heating temperatures on furfurals, a method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction technology was used to detect four furfural compounds, including furfural, 2-acetylfuran, 5-methyl-2-furfural, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural. A sample extraction was performed with acetonitrile, and the use of both octadecylsilyl (C18) and primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbents can provide satisfactory recoveries. The determination of furosine was performed by using a high performance of liquid chromatography method (HPLC), and the milk samples were hydrolyzed with HCl for 18 h at 110°C. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was obtained with linear correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.99, and the recovery values from the spiked samples were 88.1–109.5%. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.005 mg/kg–0.015 mg/kg. The established GC-MS and HPLC methods were successfully applied to market milk samples and heat-treatment samples. The highest detection values for 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural and furosine were 0.051 mg/kg and 593.2 mg/100 g protein, respectively, in charcoal-flavored fermented milk. It showed a high correlation between the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural with the treatment temperature and time, and the maximum content was 0.886 mg/kg after heating for 180 min at 100°C. However, there was no noticeable linear increase of furosine concentrations when certain temperatures and heating times were reached; the maximum value was 55.0 mg/L after heating for 60 min at 100°C, and 55.4 mg/L after heating for 150 min at 80°C.

Direct cost method applied to calculate milk production costs

The objective was to apply direct costing (DC) methodology to calculate dairy farms costs located in the semiarid region of Sergipe, Brazil. Productive and financial data were used from 30 dairy farms, in which milk market is the farms primary activity. Costs were segregated as fixed and variable, as profitability index, contribution margin (CM) and net income (NI). Profit before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) was adopted as financial index. In rural farms analyzed, CM was negative equivalent to R$ - 0.06 per liter of milk, due to the high production cost setting the sold goods cost (COGS), exceeding the net income by 4.49 percentage points, equivalent to R$ 1.31 per liter of milk, contributing to the result of R$ -0.20 (twenty cents) per liter of milk, equivalent to -16.8% of the raw milk price. The direct costing methodology has applicability to calculate costs in dairy farming, as it provides full data and information from the economic-financial point of view, well segregated.

Management and economic feasibility of dairy farming

India is the ‘Oyster’ of the global dairy industry with opportunities galore for the entrepreneurs globally. Since last 15 years, India continues to be the largest producer of milk in the world (Singh, 2017). It offers opportunities in large number to entrepreneurs, who wish to capitalize on one of the world largest and fastest growing market for milk and milk products. The breeding, feeding, housing and health care practices followed in Abhinav dairy farm are as per current scientific recommendations. The farmer is well trained and experienced in buffalo management. The total cost of per animal per year was Rs. 93419 of which total fixed cost constitute Rs. 1307 per animal and total variable cost was Rs.90890 per animal. Amongst total cost maximum cost incurred on feed and labour i.e. 80%.While the cost on medicine and vaccination, electricity, shop rent and transportation are the minimum factors contributing 5% of total cost per annum. Per litre cost of milk production was Rs. 32 which is economical because of presently fetching maximum selling price, in the market. Benefit cost ratio of Abhinav dairy farm was 1.20 which is greater than one. It is implied that expenditure of Rs. 1 /- will fetch returns of Rs, 1.20 per annum. Certainly returns are comparable to returns obtained from any bank deposits or other guaranteed sources of income. Internal rate of return was 39 %. It ensures that Abhinav dairy farm investment makes more money than its actual cost. It shows that this project is financially feasible. Strength points of Abhinav dairy farm are quality of milk, location to nearby city and direct selling. Opportunities for this unit are widening of market, value addition and innovation in packing.

Spatial Market Integration: A Case Study of the Polish–Czech Milk Market

Analyses of spatial market integration contributes to the knowledge about market efficiency and provides information to policymakers, as the spatial integration of markets contributes to competitiveness and economic development. Although the integration of agri-food markets is widely discussed in the economic literature, research on the dairy sector is relatively limited. This paper fulfils the research gap with an in-depth investigation of spatial milk and dairy product market integration between two neighboring countries—Poland and Czechia—using regional data, and including both production and processing levels. The econometric analysis of time series covering the period 2001–2021 reveals that only long-run milk and skimmed milk powder (SMP) price relationships are between the Czech Republic and Poland. The results of the study confirm that the factors influencing spatial price relationships between the Czech Republic and Poland are: strong trade ties, the common moment of accession to the EU, a close distance between markets, and region specialization.

Assessing farmer perceptions on livestock intensification and associated trade‐offs using fuzzy cognitive maps; a study in mixed farming systems in the mid‐hills of Nepal

AbstractIntensified livestock production is considered as a promising pathway for smallholder farmers. Nevertheless, this pathway may entail prohibitive investment requirements of labour, capital or trade‐offs at farm level that preclude sustainable intensification. We used fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) to assess farmers' perceptions of changes in the farm household system resulting from adding livestock to their mixed farms. Farmers identified trade‐offs between the increased income and farmyard manure production versus increases in labour requirements for fodder imports. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis performed on the FCMs showed that an increase in milk market demand could have strong positive effects on livestock production and income. We conclude that FCM is a good tool to rapidly identify trade‐offs and analyse perceptions of farmers which revealed that although they consider intensification a promising strategy, the perceived deepening of labour constraints and increasing dependency on fodder import makes a concurrent (sustainable) intensification of these farm systems unlikely.

Status of the buffalo milk trade and dairy manufacturing business at Bhola district of Bangladesh, and opportunities for buffalo milk products branding

The objective of this study was to know the existing buffalo milk trade and dairy products production status along with scope for buffalo milk product branding. Hence, a face-to-face interview with eighteen milk traders and processors were performed through simple random sampling method. Milk traders and processors were above 25 years old (94%) and above 5 years (89%) experienced in dairy business. The findings exposed that 11% of the participants were involved in milk collection and selling, 39% were directly involved in product manufacturing, and 50% were engaged in milk collection and processing. Among the manufactured dairy products, traditionally made fermented doi was the best - selling dairy product in the Bhola district. About 47% participants desired to incorporate fat-rich dairy products into their production processes. In general, milk traders sold the maximum amount of milk monthly to doi manufacturers (1453 L), followed by local customers (1175 L), sweetmeat manufacturers (1000 L), restaurants (257 L), and household consumers (250 L). Results showed that buffalo milk prices varied significantly (P<0.001) over the year. The peak buffalo milk price (122 BDT/L) was recorded between November and December, and the off-peak price (82 BDT/L) was between March to May. Data indicated that about 43-50 BDT profit derived through per kg doi and sweetmeat selling. Milk traders and processors mentioned that studied areas had greater shortage of milk preservation facilities. Overall, the findings of this study may give some context for developing sustainable buffalo milk and dairy products value chain in Bangladesh.
 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(3): 301-310, December 2021

Perceived Constraints in Marketing of Milk during Normality and Due to Lockdown in West Bengal

The study was undertaken with an objective to assess the perceived constraints in marketing of milk during normality and due to lockdown in West Bengal. In all, 120 dairy farmers were randomly selected using two marketing channels such as (i) Producer – Consumer (ii) Producer – Milkman -Consumer having equal proportion from both the channels from two blocks of Malda district. The perceived constraints faced and suggestions in improving the marketing of milk were analyzed through Garrett ranking techniques. The study showed that the major perceived constraints in marketing of milk during normality were less remunerative price for milk followed by high seasonal fluctuation in demand and price of milk. But during the lockdown, the major perceived constraints were no market opportunities to sell their milk followed by problem of transportation and small opening hours of market. The suggestive measures recommended by the milk producer were to stable market and market rate of milk followed by proper marketing channel and higher opportunities in dairy product marketing. Further, creation of basic infrastructure needs to be done to strengthen the marketing of milk in the region.

CURRENT TRENDS IN MILK PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN THE WORLD IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

Introduction. The article analyses current trends in milk production and consumption in the world, taking into account the latest factors of product competitiveness in the global milk market and the growing interest of consumers in plant substitutes for animal milk. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, world dairy production continues to grow, with Asia experiencing the largest increase since 2019. The next decade will create great opportunities for the dairy industry in the world. The increase in demand will be accelerated by the globalization of the industry, which will form consolidation in order to efficiently use resource potential, ensure a sustainable supply of milk and stable profits for producers. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study current trends in milk production and consumption in the world, taking into account the latest factors of product competitiveness in the global milk market and the growing interest of consumers in plant substitutes for animal milk. Method (methodology).The methodological basis of the study is scientific work on the current state and trends in production and milk consumption in the world. Dialectical, systemic and synergetic approaches were used at all stages of the study; methods of general scientific knowledge: comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Statistical analysis was used as specific methods. Results. The results of the study allowed us to draw conclusions about the social significance of dairy production. Globalization with a significant impact on domestic and international trade in the dairy industry will accelerate in the coming years, as more and more consumers seek to include dairy products in their daily diet to promote good quality and healthy natural products. One of the current trends in the world food market is a significant increase in consumption of plant foods. At present, each country faces a difficult task to develop an effective strategy for the development of natural dairy products in such conditions. The development of the world dairy market is influenced by various factors that determine the volume of production and consumption of dairy products, associated primarily with global changes in consumer preferences, increasing demand for goods in cheaper price segments, population growth, especially in developing countries, as well as economic development and overall welfare of mankind. In the context of globalization, an important factor in the world market is the economic policy of major countries that export and import milk and dairy products. In recent years, trade wars have begun to intensify, in particular between key players in the global market, which negatively affects the market for natural milk and dairy products and hinders its development. as well as with economic development and the general growth of human well-being. In the context of globalization, an important factor in the world market is the economic policy of major countries that export and import milk and dairy products. In recent years, trade wars have begun to intensify, in particular between key players in the global market, which negatively affects the market for natural milk and dairy products and hinders its development. As well as with economic development and the general growth of human well-being. In the context of globalization, an important factor in the world market is the economic policy of major countries that export and import milk and dairy products. In recent years, trade wars have begun to intensify, in particular between key players in the global market, which negatively affects the market for natural milk and dairy products and hinders its development.

Impact of Jharkhand State Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation on Socio economic Status of Dairy Farmers

The paper assesses the impact of membership of dairy cooperative i.e. Jharkhand State Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation (JMF) on the performance of dairy production systems using propensity score matching techniques. Dairy cooperative members differed significantly from non-members in terms of outcome variables. The mean difference value explained that the socio-economic condition of members was better than non-members. The findings revealed that membership of JMF contributes towards improving yields of dairy animals, net dairy income, and also, to household milk consumption. The non-members reaped better price for the milk in the wet market as compared to the members. Nonetheless,the member-producers recorded higher proportion of milk sale as compared to the non-members which also indicated their intensity of market participation. These results indicatetowards the need to improve dairy farmers’ linkages through cooperatives or other such institutions for their socio-economic development.

Evaluation and survey of nutrition and sensory quality in domestic and foreign milk sold in China

Consumer choice of milk commonly lacks a scientific basis, and consumers are often unable to obtain the most suitable milk for themselves. As far as know, data profile has not been used to investigate and compare the quality of domestic and foreign milk in Chinese market. Therefore in the current study, we compared the quality of 112 domestic brands and 48 foreign brands using independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, principal component analysis and sensory analysis. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the factors affecting consumers' purchase intention. The results show the contents of protein, calcium and fat in domestic milk were lower than those in foreign milk, whereas domestic milk achieved a higher 50 percentile score in the sensory analysis, but the principal component analysis showed no obvious difference in sensory quality between domestic and foreign milk. The correlation analysis results revealed that the price of domestic milk was strongly positively correlated with protein and fat. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that protein has significant and positive impact on the price. The questionnaire survey revealed that protein, calcium and fat were the most important nutrients consumers sought to obtain through drinking milk.

Prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity profile, and phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli isolated from raw dromedary camel milk in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt.

Objective:Most people in Matrouh Governorate consume camel milk as a treatment for many diseases in a raw state to obtain nutritive value. Raw dromedary camel milk can be contaminated by Escherichia coli through fecal matter at any point of milk handling; therefore, it may lose its value and safety specifications. This survey aimed to estimate the incidence of E. coli in fresh camel milk.Materials and Methods:100 fresh camel milk samples (50 from markets and 50 from farms) were randomly collected from different districts in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt, over 4 months for the detection of E. coli incidence through conventional bacterial isolation, molecular investigation, and gene sequencing.Results:The prevalence rates of E. coli in the examined market and farm raw camel milk based on conventional methods were 24% and 8%, respectively, while those by molecular identification using phoA as an E. coli determinate gene were 4% and 6%, respectively. Moreover, E. coli phoA gene phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence similarity to E. coli strain CP033158.1 in India and E. coli strain CP047594.1 in China. Antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli isolates showed high susceptibility to norfloxacin (10 µg) and cefoperazone (75 µg). On the other hand, high resistance was found in rifamycin (30 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg).Conclusion:The results indicate that market camel milk is more contaminated than the farms’ own. Additionally, antibiotic resistance is increasing due to antibiotic abuse.

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MILK MARKET AND MILK PRODUCTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF MARTIAL LAW IN THE COUNTRY

Purpose. The aim of the article is to assess the current state of functioning of milk market and milk products and the development of practical recommendations regarding the activation of the activities of business entities in the field of agribusiness – producers of milk and milk products in the conditions of the introduction of martial law in Ukraine. Methodology of research. During the research, general scientific and special methods of economic research were used, in particular: systemic approach − when studying the connections between phenomena and processes in the system of ensuring the economic stability of enterprises under martial law; statistical analysis − when determining the dynamics, structure and effectiveness of the development of agricultural enterprises for milk production; comparative − to compare economic processes during milk production in different time periods in order to identify cause-and-effect relationships; dialectical, abstract and logical − for theoretical generalizations and the formation of conclusions; the method of expert assessments − when determining the main factors that affect the economic sustainability of milk producers in wartime. Findings. The evaluation of the functioning of the subjects of the market of milk and milk products was carried out and the main factors that affected the functioning of agricultural producers of milk in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war were identified. It was established that in the conditions of the introduction of martial law, small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises and personal peasant farms show the greatest stability. Originality. The system of state support measures for agricultural enterprises and private peasant farms – milk producers has been improved, taking into account the conditions of the military state of the country's economy, which will ensure the population's need for dairy products and the possibility of their export. Practical value. Practical recommendations are offered for farms of the corporate sector of the agrarian economy – milk producers regarding their activities in conditions of military aggression, which will ensure the realization of their production potential. Key words: dairy farming, agricultural enterprise, personal peasant farm, processing enterprise, price, market.

Диверсификация предприятия как инструмент влияния на ценообразование в молочном скотоводстве

The existing system of price relations between partners in the agro-industrial complex in the domestic milk market has a number of negative trends. The high cost of production and the inability to influence the selling price of raw milk have led to low profitability of agricultural producers. The diversification transformation in the form of the organization of a vertically integrated production system, including the processing of raw milk, will allow the dairy enterprise to reduce costs, manage pricing and receive additional profit, which contributes to the further development and capacity building of the enterprise.

A Multinomial Logit Approach to Smallholder Milk Marketing Channels for Improved Competitiveness in the Kenyan Dairy Value Chain

Selection of appropriate markets is a major challenge facing smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya. This study therefore sought to understand factors influencing milk marketing channel choices among smallholder dairy farmers in Kinangop Sub County. Data from a sample of 230 smallholder dairy farmers was collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The study identified three marketing channels namely; milk processors (46.09) %, milk bars (32.61) % and direct sales (21.3) %. Similarly, years of schooling (p≤0.1), on-farm income (p≤0.1) and milk output (p≤0.01) were statistically significantly different across the three marketing channels. The average farm gate price was kes 32.6 per litre. From the multinomial logistic regression, marital status, extension access, association membership, mode of payment and transport ownership significantly influenced marketing channels. Further results showed that majority (53.48) % of farmers never had access to market information. The study therefore recommended policies geared towards enhancing more years of formal education and market intelligence so as to facilitate selection of appropriate marketing channels, more training on dairy husbandry practices with the aim of increasing milk output, facilitate access to transport facilities so as to enhance milk delivery to milk collection centres and a review of payment arrangements between milk processors and farmers so as to avoid the problem of delayed payments to farmers.

Assessing handprint potentials for business's eco-innovation

Exploring how businesses can adopt eco-innovations, which may involve their market expansion, and meet their climate change targets, was the objective of this research. We investigated to what extent an organization with a milk packaging eco-innovation could create a positive impact on climate and calculated their potential carbon handprint using the Sustainability and Health Initiative for NetPositive Enterprise (SHINE) Handprint assessment method. Changes and potential handprint pathways were defined from the perspective of two actors who can bring about the change: organization and consumers. The potential carbon handprints were calculated for changes resulting from switching from current milk packaging to eco-innovation at the global milk market. The assessment explored options for organization to realize handprints within their own markets and via market expansion in their competitors’ markets. Results showed that SHINE Handprint assessment provides a systemic approach for organizations to adopt eco-innovations, pursue market expansion, and reduce overall sector's climate change impacts.

Research on Consumer Satisfaction of Yili SATINE in China

With the development of the economy and society, people's living standards have improved, and they are paying more attention to their health and diet. The demand for organic food consumption continues to grow and organic milk, as an important part of organic food, is also loved by many consumers. As an increasing number of consumers become more aware of liquid milk, the advantages of organic milk are being highlighted and sales of which are gradually increasing. But while dairy companies are upgrading their products, they need to note whether they can fit in with consumers' consumption habits, and they also make efforts in terms of sales channels and publicity. At present, domestic organic milk product upgrades face the problem of low consumer acceptance, and there is still a long way to go for organic milk. As the organic milk market keeps developing, competition is getting fiercer. Hence, this thesis takes the example of Yili SATINE Organic milk of Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company Limited, which is a Chinese dairy products producer headquartered in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. Based on the results of the questionnaires distributed, problems are identified and related analysis will be carried out in the paper, and we also propose guidelines and suggestions to improve the organic milk marketing strategy. This will help Yili SATINE organic milk to be more effective in the organic milk market, and enhance its competitiveness thus providing a basis for the future development.