Milk Marketing Research Articles

Turkish Consumers’ Perceptions of Organic Milk and the Factors Affecting Consumption: The Case of Kocaeli, Türkiye

The supply of organic products is critical in ensuring sustainable consumption in the face of increasing world population. The increasing awareness of individuals about healthy eating and re-liable food also increases the demand for organic products. The most commonly consumed product group among organic products, after fruits and vegetables, is milk and dairy products. This study aims to determine the perception of organic milk and the factors affecting organic milk consumption by consumers in the city center of the Kocaeli province. The data of the study were collected from 384 consumers with a survey using proportional sampling. The primary material of the study consisted of the data collected by the face-to-face survey method from milk consumers living in the center of Kocaeli province. The study demonstrated their sociodemographic structure with frequency distributions in the data obtained. In addition, statistical analysis methods, such as the chi-squared test and t-test factor analysis, were used for data evaluation. According to the research results, the rate of organic milk consumers was 78.91%. In addition, consumers stated that organic milk was expensive, tasty, and not widely available. Moreover, the most commonly consumed organic dairy products were yogurt, butter, and cheese. The factors influencing consumers about organic milk consumption were price, availability, reliability, and awareness. Increasing the consumption of organic milk is critical for ensuring sustainable consumption and the health of future generations. These results clearly demonstrate that we can increase organic milk consumption in Türkiye and create a fairer and more sustainable organic milk market by ensuring producers follow policies supporting organic milk production, investing in education, and organizing awareness programs for Turkish consumers.

Cooperative membership effects on farmers’ choice of milk marketing channels in Rwanda

Although cooperatives play a critical role in reducing transaction costs and enhancing farmers’ adoption of better farming practices, little is known on the effects of dairy cooperative membership on the choice of milk marketing channels. This paper employs an endogenous switching probit model to estimate the determinants of farmers’ choice of milk marketing channels while controlling for the potential selection bias of cooperative membership. We find that cooperative membership has positive and significant effects on the choice of both MCCs and milk traders as marketing channels along with a negative effect on the choice of other buyers (direct consumers and restaurants). The varying effect of cooperative membership on choice of different marketing channels holds also for non-members had they been cooperative members. Furthermore, we find that the selling price positively affects farmers’ choice of MCCs, but the longer distance to MCCs may make farmers (including cooperative members) to choose milk traders who offer lower prices than MCCs. Since the MCCs are managed by dairy cooperatives and they are the only marketing channels that conduct basic milk quality tests while offering higher prices to farmers, we recommend policies that support easy access to MCCs and enhance dairy cooperatives’ governance. This will facilitate dairy farmers’ access to a better marketing channel while meeting an already growing consumer demand for products safety and quality in the food industry.

Evaluation of multifactorial digestive disorders in a dairy herd at different stages of lactation.

The manager of a large dairy herd (total confinement, total mixed ration feeding, 10130 kg milk sold per cow and year) requested a workup of a digestive disorder problem that had been ongoing for several years. The cows were at all stages of lactation, and the incidence proportion (events/100 cows at risk) of digestive disorders was approximately 5 to 10%. The clinical picture included an abnormal demeanor of varying severity and signs that differed among the cows. The latter included decreased milk production and physical activity, low body condition score, abnormal rumen motility and stratification, small intestinal dilatation, diarrhea, undigested fiber particles in the feces, fever and abdominal pain.The following approach was used to investigate the digestive disorder problem:1. The herd was assessed for production levels, housing requirements, feeding protocols and animal health management. The latter comprised evaluation of different animal scores, metabolic profile analysis, diagnosis of disease, culling records and slaughter data. The results revealed risk factors concerning the feeding and animal health monitoring, (e. g. in dry matter intake and silage quality management, disease detection and diagnosis in fresh cows). The assessment also identified a high occurrence of digestive disorders of unknown origin.2. Fifteen cows that represented the ongoing digestive disorder problem were selected to undergo clinical examination, hematological analysis, urinalysis, and ultrasonography of the ventral abdomen. The clinical examinations revealed different digestive disorders, which were mainly inflammatory in nature, in all the cows. Eight cows had localized reticuloperitonitis and 13 had left displaced abomasum with different degrees of displacement and adhesions between the abomasum and reticulum attributable to reticuloperitonitis.Our results revealed a multifactorial problem caused by several risk factors relating to animal health and feeding management protocols that resulted in different types of digestive disorders. The wires from damaged tires used to hold the pit silo tarps in place were identified as a possible traumatic cause of the reticuloperitonitis. Treatment, prevention and follow-up of the different conditions were discussed.

Organic Milk Production Sector in Poland: Driving the Potential to Meet Future Market, Societal and Environmental Challenges

During the pandemic, health and environmental issues were re-evaluated, stimulating interest in organic food. Organic milk is more beneficial than conventional milk in terms of the health-promoting substances (e.g., vitamins, fatty acids), particularly regarding its protein and lipid fractions. Poland is the main producer of cow’s milk in the EU, but only 0.2% of this production is organic. To identify the antecedents and obstacles to increasing organic milk production in Poland, the aim of this study is to explore the low level of organic cow’s milk output in Poland compared with sector leaders in the EU. We analyzed statistics on milk production, including unpublished data collected by the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection, Poland, with the use of descriptive statistics and frequency distributions. Over the period 2010–2020, the number of farms producing and selling organic milk and the number of farms with organic pastures and meadows decreased significantly in Poland. A limited number of certified farms sell their milk as organic. If all production of organic milk was sold as organic, the supply would have increased by 56% in 2020. Organic milk processing is highly concentrated which is an obstacle to the development of organic milk farming. Due to its high instability and the spatial differences in the locations of sellers (producers) and buyers (processors) and inconsistent production volumes, the supply of organic cow’s raw milk does not meet the demand from Polish dairies. Cooperation between producers and processors is essential. Providing organic dairy farms with production and market advice, as well as technical support, is crucial for the development of farms and the organic milk sector as a whole, as is, to a certain extent, evidenced by Austria. The specific nature of the raw milk market requires the procurement of organic milk on a lasting basis regarding guarantees of purchase and farmgate prices. In this way, the continuity of organic raw milk supply would be secured and the sector of organic dairy products should grow.

АНАЛИЗ И ОЦЕНКА ПОТЕНЦИАЛА МОЛОЧНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

The article analyzes the state of the dairy industry of the North-Western Federal District. The purpose of the analysis was to assess its potential. The resource potential of the dairy industry was considered in a complex of interrelated sectors of milk production, milk processing and dairy production and consumption, whose tasks were to provide the population with high-quality milk and dairy products, and producers with a stable income. Using the methods of balance sheet and graphoanalytic analysis, the conditions and potential opportunities of the dairy industry were analyzed and evaluated. The market of milk and dairy products is one of the most important markets for agricultural products, and in addition, its function of providing the population with dairy products plays an important role in solving the overall task of ensuring food security of the population.

DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA SPP. ISOLATED FROM ICE CREAM

The current study sought to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance and prevalence among Salmonella spp. The Salmonella spp. Antibiotic resistance threat and bacteriological safety of food goods like ice cream present therapeutic management problems within the public health system. Salmonella bacteria are Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, flagellated bacilli containing antigens like V, Hi, and O. Nearly 1800 serovars have been found. Each of them is categorized as a different species under the current classification system. To obtain the concentration of food borne pathogens, Ice cream was gathered from various locations and put on SS and MacConkey agar to test for the presence of Salmonella spp. in ice cream. Azithromycin, gentamycin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin were among the many classes of antibiotics present in the SS agar on which it was also dispersed. To lessen the burden of Salmonella spp. prevalence in milk, the study advises farmers and raw milk vendors to adopt substantial interventions in animal husbandry and milk marketing, respectively. Additionally, the enforcement and animal health divisions’ active involvement in ensuring prudent antibiotic usage at the farm level may aid in limiting Salmonella spp. antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic resistance might be reduced by concentrating on alternative remedies for treatment of GIT infections including the use of probiotics, organic approaches, and preventing the horizontal gene transfer of resistant genes.

The perceived value of oat milk and the food-choice motives of young, urban people

PurposeBoth governments and the food industry are interested in plant-based products. New products are advertised as climate-friendly, with plant-based materials increasingly replacing animal-based content. In Finland, oat milk dominates the plant-based milk market. The authors studied what features young and urban users of plant-based and cow's milk value in oat milk for coffee and how the preferences of the users relate to ethical food-choice motives.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 308 students filled in an e-questionnaire. The survey used best-worst scaling (BWS), a discrete choice approach, to measure the perceived values related to oat milk characteristics. The ethical motives were measured by a version of the Lindeman and Väänänen scale. Also the respondents' diets were asked. Preference clusters were identified and viewed with the ethical food-choice motives and diets.FindingsThe respondent group that exclusively used cow's milk attached more value to taste, added nutritional elements, discounts and recommendations by friends. The rest of the respondents attached more value to origin and sustainability-related features of oat milk. In the six-cluster solution, one extreme cluster was valuing taste and the other was valuing sustainability-related issues. All the ethical food-choice motives: ecological welfare, political values and religion were (roughly) the higher the cluster valued sustainability-related items. The respondents eating meat were more likely to belong to the clusters valuing taste than non-meat eaters that belong more likely to clusters valuing sustainability-related features.Originality/valueVery few earlier studies have explored the heterogeneity of valuations of plant-based products and the products' relationship with ethical food-choice motives.

Dairy pricing policy, production, and water quality: Application to the Chesapeake Bay watershed

AbstractThis study assesses the economic and water quality impacts of implementing a dairy pricing policy under Federal Milk Marketing Order system designed to alleviate milk prices plummet occurred at the beginning of pandemic. Using a 12‐region, positive mathematical programing model of livestock production in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, we find that pricing policy induces significant expansions in dairy sectors, generates higher level of total net revenue in regions having large base‐period dairy sectors. For water quality, we find that policy leads to an increase in nitrogen emissions but a decrease in phosphorus emissions for the livestock industry as a whole in most studied regions.

Rapid detection of the adulterants in milk using gamma radiation

Milk and dairy adulteration practice nowadays is becoming a global concern. The present study discloses the role of gamma irradiation as a cost-effective and rapid-detection approach to detect adulterants in milk instead of using expensive and time-consuming chemical-based methods. In the present study, synthetic milk samples were prepared using different common adulterants (vegetable oil, urea, water) and a comparative analysis has been done with market milk samples along with fresh milk based upon the attenuation property. The obtained linear attenuation coefficient decreases significantly (p < 0.05) with the increasing concentration of adulterants in sample. The recorded attenuation coefficient for fresh milk was 0.379 ± 0.04 and that of adulterated samples found to be in the range of 0.296–0.188. Moreover, different protein coagulation patterns of the heat-processed milk samples were detected. The coagulated protein of adulterated milk shows a granular texture. The attenuation coefficient of milk samples decreases with the gradual increase of adulterants. The correlation between the attenuation coefficient and adulterants in milk indicated the possible use of gamma radiation as a significant adulterant-detection method.

Milk Producers Perceptions on Constraints in Milk Production in Maharashtra State

The study on constraints faced by farmers in the operation and management of dairy activities in milk production was conducted in the Vidarbha and Marathwada region of Maharashtra State for the year 2022-23. These regions of Maharashtra State were purposively selected due to low milk production and productivity compared to other regions of the State. Data were randomly collected from 410 milk producers of Bhandara, Yavatmal, Nanded and Latur districts of Vidarbha and Marathwada region of Maharashtra State. About 52.20 percent of milk producers belongs to the small, 30.98 percent to the medium and 6.63 percent to thelarge herd size category of milk producers. Garret’s ranking method was used to priorities the constraints. The serious constraints perceived by the milk producers were the shortage of quality feed and fodder round the year, high cost of concentrates,unavailability of veterinary facilities, unavailability of labour, lack of knowledge on improved management practices, shortage of green fodder round the year, unstable pricing policy, inadequate credit facilities, lack of information ongovernment scheme and marketing of milk and milk products.

A Review on Processing Opportunities for the Development of Camel Dairy Products.

Camel milk has a significant and pivotal role in the diet of people residing in semi-arid and arid regions. Ever since ancient times, marketing of camel milk has remained insignificant due to nonexistence of processing amenities in the camel nurturing areas, hence the utilization of unprocessed camel milk has continuously remained limited at family level by the nomads. Due to the superior medicinal values and health promoting effects, incredible growth in the demand of camel milk and dairy products have been noticed all over the world during last two decades. Such emergence has led dairy industry to provide diversified camel dairy products to the consumers with superior nutritional and functional qualities. In contrast to bovine, very few food products derived from camel milk are available in the present market. With the advancements in food processing interventions, a wide range of dairy and non-dairy products could be obtained from camel milk, including milk powder, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, and even chocolate. In some regions, camel milk is used for traditional dishes such as fermented milk, camel milk tea, or as a base for soups and stews. Current review highlights the processing opportunities regarding the transformation of camel milk into various dairy products via decreasing the inherent functionality that could be achieved by optimization of processing conditions and alteration of chemical composition by using fortification method. Additionally, future research directions could be devised to improve the product quality.

Marketing Strategy Analysis of Shredded Sea Milkfish Production of "Dpore Meme" Alasmalang Village, Panarukan District, Situbondo Regency

The community uses limited sea milkfish to be sold in fresh form and has low selling value. It is necessary to diversify in the form of processed products such as shredded sea milkfish. The obstacles to the marketing of sea milk floss include sales results that have not met sales targets, promotions that have not been managed properly, and the number of competitors. This research was conducted at the Micro Enterprise "Dpore Meme" Alasmalang Village, Panarukan District, Situbondo Regency with the aim of analyzing internal and external factors in the marketing of sea milk shredded, alternative formulation strategies, and strategic priorities based on SWOT and QSPM analysis. The results of the research are alternative strategies, including improving product quality to gain customer satisfaction, optimizing strategic locations and excellent service to increase the quantity and quality of marketing networks, increasing marketing HR capacity, packaging and product quality to gain wider market access, building brand awareness products, building cooperation with raw material suppliers, and market education. The strategic priority is to increase marketing HR capacity, packaging and product quality to expand market access with the highest TAS score of 6.75.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Susu Kefir di Desa Giripurno Kota Batu Malang

Kefir milk is one of the fermented products of milk which contains lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Kefir milk is a functional and probiotics drink. Giripurno Village is one of the suppliers of pure cow's milk in the KUD in Batu City. Milk which produced by the residents of Giripurno Village is still not being utilized optimally, because milk marketing only depends on cooperatives. The main objective of community service activities is to maximize the utilization of milk through training related to milk processing, especially for making kefir milk. The community service method includes several stages, such as the discussion stage and field observation, the preparation stage, and the training stage. The results of the activity are increasing knowledge of the Giripurno Village community, especially the Dasa Wisma women's group about kefir milk products and increasing skills for making kefir milk products. The conclusion that can be given from this community service is the group of women feel educated and helped in finding ideas for processing cow's milk. The recommendations are required for an innovation to improve the taste of kefir milk and assistance in product manufacturing.

Synthesis of CuxO/Ag nanoparticles on exfoliated graphene: application for enhanced electrochemical detection of H2O2 in milk

In this paper, a novel composite is constructed as a non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor by liquid-phase exfoliation method, which is composed of copper oxide, cuprous oxide and silver nanoparticles doped few-layer-graphene (CuxO/Ag@FLG). Its surface morphology and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photo spectroscopy (XPS), and its H2O2 sensing performances include catalytic reduction and quantitative detection were studied with electrochemical methods. Our sensor had a high sensitivity of 174.5 μA mM−1 cm−2 (R2 = 0.9978) in an extremely wide range of concentrations from 10 μM to 100 mM, a fast response (about 5 s) and a low limit of detection (S/N = 3) of 2.13 μM. The sensor exhibits outstanding selectivity in the presence of various biological interference, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, citric acid, etc. In addition, the constructed sensor continued 95% current responsiveness after 1 month of storage further points to its long-term stability. Last but not least, it has a good recovery rate (90.12–102.00%) in milk sold on the open market, indicating that it has broad application possibilities in the food industry and biological medicine.

Methods of relevant product market delineation in antitrust cases: a critical survey

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to properly identify the relevant product markets in the Greek milk sector. For this reason, we rely on several quantitative techniques to draw robust findings regarding relevant product market delineation. The empirical analysis reveals that there is a single relevant product market for milk in the Greek territory. This means that the market participants can easily create their own distribution network (non-blocking industry). The findings of this study support that the market segments in the Greek milk sector are highly fragmented and there are several competitors in the industry. Moreover, competition intensity in the Greek milk sector between brands guarantees that effective competition cannot be hindered by possible anti-competitive behaviour of the market participants.

Exploring potential of goat based dairy farming in India and way forward

The aim of this review is to highlight the significance of goat milk along with potential and prospects of dairy goat development in the country. India occupies the first position in goat milk production in the world. In the last few years, commercial dairy goat production in India gained momentum due to spread of knowledge about therapeutic, nutraceutical and medicinal benefits of goat milk and its product, and their export potential. India possesses vast caprine resources with 37 goat breeds distributed in different bio-climates with varied nutritive value, however, some goat breeds native to north and north-western region namely Beetal, Jamunapari, Jakhrana, Surti and Zalawadi are considered as Indian dairy breed with 150 to 500 litre milk yields. The reported milk yield of Indian dairy goat is far below their potential, since they are primarily raised for mutton and also due to energy-deficient diet. Attempts so far made were scarce and limited for milk improvement of dairy goats and in creating infrastructure for goat milk processing and marketing. Use of potential sire/semen and infrastructural support for a secured market for goat milk and products is necessary to enhance dairy goat productivity and profitability. To cater the demand for goat milk in southern, eastern and hilly regions, suitable dairy breeds need to be developed along with increasing the genetic potential of existing breeds. Development of the goat dairy sector will require focused efforts to encourage entrepreneurship to set as many as possible commercial dairy farms by involving private sector through appropriate policy support and incentives.

Validating the dairy marketing performance of Mizan-Aman town, Bench-Sheko zone, Ethiopia

The broad objective of the study was to investigate the determinants of dairy market in Mizan-Aman town, Bench-Sheko zone, Ethiopia. For the purpose of the study, 228 sample households were selected from the town using a stratified random sampling technique and the field data were collected using questionnaires. The binary linear regression model analysis was employed to identify determinants that affect the dairy market. The model result showed that dairy market was strongly and significantly affected by use of improved feed, demand for milk, frequency of getting training, access for credit, and education of the household heads. Shortage of feed and seasonality of demand, particularly in fasting time are challenges of dairy marketing in the area. Dairy producers, retailers, farms, and cooperatives were found the main milk market channel of the study area. The dairy market in the study area uses an informal marketing system which shows the underdevelopment of dairy marketing. Thus, dairy development interventions should be aimed at addressing both dairy production technological gaps and marketing problems. Further, the study shows that there is a high demand for dairy products. Therefore, dairy processing industry’s establishment, support for dairy producers and improving access to services should receive due attention in order to improve dairy market in the study area by all dairy development stakeholders

Factors Affecting Market Participation Decision and Intensity of Participation of Cow Milk Producers in Gemechis District, Ethiopia

Cow milk is a daily produced high value product that plays a significant role for both home consumption and income generating. However, in the selling of raw milk marketed supply, the producers do not attain potential gains. Thus, this study attempted to identifying factors affecting farmers’ decision to participate and determinants of the level of cow milk marketable surplus supply in Gemechis district. Both primary and secondary sources were used to collect data. Data were collected from a sample of 152 cow milk producers were analyzed through STATA ver. 15. Double hurdle model was applied. The first-hurdle model estimation result demonstrated that education level, distance to district market, the proportion of land allocated for forage production, size of milk output per day, access to milk market information, and frequency of extension contact influences farmers’ decision to participate in cow milk market. The second-hurdle model results investigated that children under six years, the proportion of land allocated for forage production, size of milk output per day and access to credit were significantly affects the level of cow milk marketable surplus supply. Therefore, the study recommends that emphasis should have to give on encouraging flow of milk market information, intensification of land use, and enabling farmers as they produce more through improving production and productivity of cow. Keywords: Cow milk, Double hurdle, Gemechis district DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/89-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2023

Determinants of farmers’ decision to choice market outlets: Evidence from milk producer farmers in Ada’a Berga District Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, many initiatives have been implemented to empower smallholder dairy farmers to develop viable livelihoods from the sector. The problem with these policies is the inability to reach farmers at large, and dairy farmers in rural areas are always challenged to deliver milk and milk products faster to the final market. The study was aimed at investigating factors that influence market channel choices among dairy producers in Ada’a Berga district Ethiopia. This paper uses data from a survey of 123 dairy producer households in four rural kebeles to analyse the factors that influence the choice of a milk marketing channel. Multivariate probit econometric model results show that income from dairy source, market information and educational level of household affected wholesaler outlet. The choice of consumer outlet is influenced by family size, membership in a dairy cooperative, market information, non-dairy income and income from dairy source. Number of milking cows, membership in a dairy cooperative and non-dairy income determined the choice of dairy cooperative outlet. The choice of district retailer’s market outlet was affected by sex of households, membership in a dairy cooperative and income from dairy sources. Choice of rural collector outlet is negatively influenced by non-dairy income and access to an extension contact. Therefore, policies should be designed that encourage farmers’ cooperatives, contract farming and collective action in order to lower transaction costs, expand market information for dairy producers, expand extension services and expand infrastructures such as road and transportation facilities, which are needed to promote the effective marketing of milk through all outlets.

TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN MARKET OF PLANT-BASED MILK SUBSTITUTES IN THE WAR AND POSTWAR PERIOD

Topicality.Economic changes associated with the military invasion lead to large-scale transformations in the country's economy, economic relations between the actors of agri-food markets, in particular, dairy, and form the prerequisites for the formation and further development of their innovative segments. The growing trend of reducing the number of cows and milk production during the wartime period, on the one hand, and the growing consumer demand for plant-based milk in the world, on the other, have created the preconditions for the development of the industrial production of non-dairy products in Ukraine. The market of plant-based milk substitutes is characterized by the social importance of the products and their significant role in ensuring food and environmental security of the country. The development of this market also ensures the formation of extended processing chains for domestic agricultural raw materials and the growth of market added value.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to identify current trends and problems of development of the global and domestic market of plant-based milk substitutes, to substantiate the role of the relevant market in the food supply of the population and the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the wartime and post-war periods.Materials and Methods. The results of the theoretical generalization of scientific works and analytical reviews on the functioning of markets for plant-based milk substitutes, which are covered in publications of a fundamental and applied nature, as well as statistical data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the regulatory framework for food supply of the Armed Forces of Ukraine form the material and methodological basis of the study. The methods of systematic, structural and logical, comparative, and statistical analysis were used to solve the tasks.Research results. The study found that the global dairy market has undergone significant transformations due to changes in consumer preferences, physical activity, climate factors, global demographic imbalances, etc. These circumstances have led to a decline in the quality of dairy products, a reduction in its production base, a drop in the competitive ability of products and formed the preconditions for the development of the global market for dairy alternatives. The Ukrainian vegetable milk market is growing dynamically; in 2020, its volumes increased 13.6 times compared to 2019. Domestic producers use affordable and acceptable raw materials, such as oats and buckwheat, to make plant milk.In wartime, there is a need to provide the population and the military with vegetable milk. It is proposed to make changes and additions to the catalog of food sets of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, through the use of useful food substitutes, the production of which involves the use of domestic agricultural raw materials and an increase in market added value.Conclusion. The article substantiates the need to determine the priority areas of state regulation of the domestic vegetable milk market, in particular, the regulation of relations between domestic producers of non-dairy products and the Main Directorate for Development and Support of Material Support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine through the norms of public-private partnership relations. Prospects for further research are the development of institutional and methodological support for the sustainability of the functioning and development of the Ukrainian market of plant-based milk substitutes in the wartime and post-war periods.