Military Work Research Articles

Encouragement of scientific development of modern, economical anti-missile defense systems principles against expensive ignition-artillery and other means as a direction in the modern military conditions of Ukraine (information-cognitive and scientific-encouraging aspects of improving the defense doctrine of Ukraine in the conditions of russian aggression)

The article, based on the primary analysis, revealed high cost and low efficiency and contradictions in the functioning of the anti-aircraft, especially anti-missile defence of Ukraine during hostilities. It is suggested to clarify the terminological apparatus in this specific sphere of defence activity of society. The problem is considered both in the global and international, as well as regional, branch military conditions of the functioning of the voluntary association of territorial communities of Ukraine, territorial defence, etc. It is noted that air defence is carried out by air defence troops of land units and fighter aircraft in cooperation with air defence troops of the country, and in the case of hostilities in the area of the sea coast – with air defence units of the navy. It is established that most Western and European Commonwealth armed combine air defence exclusively with conventional forces (i.e., army, navy and air force), as a separate wing, or as part of the artillery. It is assumed that from a practical point of view, Ukraine may need ground air defence more than aviation. In the paper the interrelationships of the development of the air defence system within the framework of the development of the European Commonwealth in the interstate context are revealed. On this basis, the trends of this process are established and offered to use of modern economic European approaches to the organization of antimissile defence on the latest economic and environmental principles and the implementation of reforms in Ukraine in accordance with the modern requirements of European standards. The progressive experience of anti-aircraft protection of the population, the peculiarities of the operation of the “Iron Dome” and the issues of defence of the state maritime zone, for which the "M-dome" is used, are described. The economic characteristics of air defence with the use of anti-missile installations are given. It was emphasized that, like any other weapon, “Iron Dome” should not be considered as a separate unit, because all military equipment and weapons work in a single system.

Identification of Potentially Preventable Traumatic Injury Among Military Working Dogs Deployed During the Global War on Terror.

Prevention of deployment-related injury is critical for readiness of US military working dogs (MWDs). This study evaluated deployment-related injuries to determine if they were potentially preventable and identify possible abatement strategies. Data were collected on 195 MWD injury events that occurred between 11 September 2001 and 31 December 2018. Injuries were reviewed by a panel of veterinarians and categorized into groups based on panel consensus. The panel also established which interventions could have been effective for mitigating injuries. Multipurpose canine (MPC) and conventional MWD injury event characteristics were compared to identify meaningful differences. Of the 195 injuries, 101 (52%) were classified as preventable or potentially preventable. Most (72%) of the potentially preventable injuries occurred in conventional MWDs, with penetrating injuries (64%) being the most common type of trauma. For the preventable/potentially preventable injuries, the most common preventative intervention identified was handler training (53%) followed by protective equipment (46%). There were differences between MPCs and conventional MWDs for injury prevention category, type of trauma, mechanism of injury, and preventative intervention (all p < .001). The application of a preventable review process to MWD populations may be beneficial in identifying potentially preventable injuries and preventative intervention strategies.

IDEOLOGIJA IZBORA U ROMANU „SEOBE“ MILOŠA CRNjANSKOG

When in the novel Migration by Miloš Crnjanski the idea of the Serbian choice is articulated in one unfinished, interrupted sentence – „You Serbs prefer to choose military work, so ...” (Crnjanski 2008: 25) – an example of this articulation ironically marks the historical role of the nation. it is not possible to make a choice within the socio-political system of the Austrian monarchy that would stabilize the position of the community in the empire, ensure it in an appropriate way. The incompleteness, the interruption of the sentence that formulates the perspective of the Serbian choice, indicates a strong narrative sense of the historical conditioning of identity. The political affirmation of the military identity of Serbs delegitimizes the heroic ethos that is the basis of the Serbian historical being. The ideological use of the Serbian warrior discourse indicates that a modern mechanism of identity regulation is active in the world of the novel Migration. The nation learns about the experience of ontological deprivation to be realized in the dimension of dying in war, which would provide it with historical and metaphysical meaning. Crnjanski’s novel reveals the fundamental difference between an ideologically constructed stereotype of identity and an ontological inversion of historical experience.

Injuries and Interventions on Transported Military Working Dogs Within the US Central Command.

Limited veterinary care is available in the far forward environment, leading to human medical personnel being responsible, in part, for treatment of military working dogs (MWD). Though guidelines for MWD care exist, there is little research on the care and treatment of MWDs by human medical personnel. There is a lot of research on the care and treatment of MWDs. This is a secondary analysis of a dataset from the Transportation Command (TRANSCOM) Regulating Command & Control and Evacuation System (TRAC2ES) database within the US Central Command (CENTCOM) from 2008 to 2018. Within this dataset specific to regulated transport from locations within CENTCOM, we abstracted all entries involving MWDs and analyzed causes of injury, type of injury, and interventions performed on traumatically and non-traumatically injured MWDs. Within our dataset, there were 84 MWD cases for analysis. Of those, 36 (43%) were transported for traumatic injuries, and the remaining 48 (57%) were transported for other medical ailments. The most common cause of trauma was gunshot wound (31%), followed by explosion (22%). The majority of trauma MWDs had injuries to the extremities (67%), and hemorrhage requiring intervention occurred in 25%. The most common interventions performed on traumas were analgesia (67%), antibiotics (31%), IV fluids (28%), and surgery (31%). The most common indications that occurred in MWDs treated for nontraumatic medical indications were gastrointestinal diseases (33%), followed by nontraumatic orthopedic injuries (21%). Of the MWDs in our dataset, most were transported for nontraumatic medical events. The most frequent intervention performed was medication administration for both traumatic and medical ailments. Our dataset adds to the limited body of MWD data from theater.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Changes have been made in migratory flows and obligations in the aftermath of combat operations in Ukraine. The vectors of migration from Ukraine to the Ukrainian world are analyzed. The negative consequences of the disruption of the labor potential of Ukraine through the transformational disruption of the work force were identified. The main warehouse elements of the labor potential were established, which should be recognized in the flow, and the nature of their changes was analyzed. The economic development of the country is affected by the consequences of the armed conflict of any level, and a separate direction of influence should be the departure of the workforce from the territory of employment and the country in general, losses among the civilian population, professional and qualification disparities. Conclusions were made about the existence of a problem of loss of value of human potential in Ukraine, which is not being solved and is only deepening over time. The results and conclusions of individual studies conducted on the basis of local conflicts in the countries of the world are already outdated in many aspects today and significantly differ from the impact of modern conflicts. In connection with the short-term period of the military work on the territory of Ukraine, we can practically speak about the number of publications in this direction directly, and they are more in such a short time directly, as they have invested in the labor potential of the state. Singing peace may be a place for research, and those are more scientific and journalistic in nature, or analytical looking at the obvious statistical data of international organizations, in part of migration processes. It can be stated that the appeals are directly closed. Although internal migration during conflict increases employment in certain regions, however, the negative impact on the national economy remains due to the loss of jobs within the state due to casualties or emigration. It has been foreseen that turning to the pre-war level the development of the labor potential will require a great deal of time, a significant investment in that special system of organizational and structural approaches, and the deacists spend it on a pity to become irrevocable and non-returnable.

Incidence of Burnout syndrome in Brazilian army military in the amazon region

This study aimed to investigate the Burnout levels and possible predisposing factors among Brazilian Army military who were serving in the Brazilian Amazon. Method: the sample consisted of 122 volunteer military (officers and sergeants) with a mean age of 36.80 ± 6.69 years, 53 were employed in the operational missions (border security, patrol, external and internal defense exercises) and 69 personnel who were employed in the administrative missions (internal logistics). Officers (29) and sergeants (93) were selected who served in Porto Velho, northwestern Brazil. They answered to a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Malash Burnout Inventory, validated for Brazil. Results: scores showed that the levels of burnout in Army military who serve in the region are high. The main sociodemographic, labor, physical and social conditions that were associated with significantly higher levels of Burnout in this study were: reduced length of service, sedentary lifestyle, extra work, lower hierarchical rank and living away from relatives. Conclusion: the interaction between the two instruments found that the military working in the operational area, warrant officers, sergeants, between 6 and 10 years in service, single, who do little physical activity and whose relatives live far away were the ones who had the highest Burnout levels.

Emirati Parents’ Attitudes toward the Military and National Service in the United Arab Emirates

Compulsory national service for male citizens presents the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Armed Forces with an opportunity to recruit future military officers. Research showed that parental attitudes towards the military, manifested through their communication with youths, are likely to influence youths’ decision on a military career. Hence this study examined the attitudes of Emirati parents on the UAE military and national service; particularly parental perceptions of the military work environment; support of a military career for their children; and concerns about national service. Surveys, individual and focus group interviews were conducted with 59 Emirati parents. It found that most participants held the positive view that the military work environment helps attainment of professional goals but were uncertain about personal goals and workplace conditions. Also, more participants were supportive of a military career for sons than daughters. It also identified the basis for parental confidence about enlistment as patriotism and development of positive character traits but main concerns were the exposure to harsh training conditions and threat to life during enlistment. Recommendations were provided for better engagement by the UAE military with Emirati parents and the community.

Research of working bodies a continuous action earthworks machines

Earthmoving equipment in highly developed countries is a leading place among self-propelled and trailed equipment for various purposes.&#x0D; The basis of such equipment are scientific and technical principles of creation of high-speed low-energy technologies and machines for destruction of natural and artificial environments (soils, rocks, mules, reinforced concrete, bricks, etc.) in various conditions (ground - road, cultivation of agricultural lands, engineering, military and emergency rescue work, cleaning of soils from pollution, reclamation, creation of trenches, canals, which underground - mining, tunnel construction, etc.&#x0D; Continuous action machines are such machines in which the working body contacts with the object of influence (soil) during the whole time of operation and all technological operations are performed simultaneously and continuously.&#x0D; Working bodies of continuous-action machines have the ability to develop strong soils without preliminary loosening&#x0D; During the continuous operation of machines, the process of their work is divided into two processes: the process of cutting soil into slaughter and the process of excavation of soil from the cutting zone, followed by its ejection from slaughter.&#x0D; The article provides an overview of new dynamic working bodies of shrew machines. The descriptions, drawings, highlighted the main disadvantages and advantages. As a result of the synthesis of existing working bodies, a new dynamic working body was developed.

Almoravid Works on Defensive Architecture in Southeast Al-Andalus: Analysis of Their Remains and Proposal for Preventive Conservation

In the first half of the 12th century, several military works were developed throughout the territories under Almoravid rule, above all after 1126, both in the main towns and the rural areas of the Empire. Within this context, the aim of this paper is to present the results achieved in the framework of the PREFORTI R&amp;D Project (BIA2015-69938-R) concerning the particular case of these military constructions built in the region of Southeast Al-Andalus (Granada and Almeria, Spain). To achieve this aim, we have studied their remains during field work, as well as documentation contained in archives, written sources and historiography, focusing on the risks that affect their conservation. The analysis of six cases of study has been included, where a sample of the systematic method based on preventive conservation measures has been detailed in two particular cases: the walls of the Alcazaba Qadīma (Granada) and the walls of La Hoya and Cerro de San Cristóbal (Almeria). The proposed method has been validated by the public bodies responsible for the protection of this heritage. Its importance lies in the guarantee to slow down the deterioration of this heritage, which facilitates the implementation of effective and economic strategies for its conservation.

Waging War from Remote Cubicles: How Workers Cope with Technologies That Disrupt the Meaning and Morality of Their Work

Technologies are known to alter social structures in the workplace, reconfigure roles and relationships, and disrupt status hierarchies. However, less attention has been given to how an emerging technology disrupts the meaning and moral values that tether people to their work and render it meaningful. To understand how workers respond to such an emerging technology, we undertook an inductive, qualitative study of military personnel working in unmanned aerial vehicles, or drone operations, for the U.S. Air Force. We draw on multiple data sources, including personal diaries kept by personnel involved in drone operations. We identified three characteristics of drone technology: remote-split operations, remote piloting of unmanned vehicles, and interaction through iconic representations. Our analysis suggests that drone technology has revolutionized warfare by (1) creating distanciated intimacy, (2) dissolving traditional spatio-temporal boundaries between work and personal life, and (3) redefining the legal and moral parameters of work. Drone program workers identified with these changes to their working environment in contradictory ways, which evoked emotional ambivalence about right and wrong. However, their organization gave them little help in alleviating their conflicting feelings. We illuminate how workers cope with such ambivalence when a technology transforms the meaning and morality of their work. We extend theory by showing that workers’ responses to a changed working environment as a result of a remote technology are not just based on how the technology changes workers’ tasks, roles, and status but also on how it affects their moral values.

Impacts of coastal armouring on rubble mobile cryptofauna at shallow coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan

Shoreline armouring has progressively affected the coastal landscapes of countries all over the world, and armouring construction will increase in coming years as a consequence of climate change. Armouring has the potential to affect coastal environments and induce changes in the abundance and diversity of marine communities, and its effects might by increased by wide adoption. Moreover, compared with temperate locations, the effects of armouring have been less studied in tropical and subtropical areas. Okinawa Island, the largest and most populated island of the Ryukyu Archipelago in southern Japan, has been affected by numerous civil and military engineering works. After decades of development, less than 40% of its coastline remains natural, and yet impacts from armouring on local marine communities have been overlooked until recent years. The aim of this research was to evaluate effects of near-shore armouring on the surrounding environment by comparing diversity and abundance of coral rubble mobile cryptofauna benthic communities between armoured and control sites. Across six different geographic locations, coral rubble was sampled in front of subtidal breakwaters and at nearby control sites. Armoured sites were associated with lower cryptofauna abundances and reduced richness and diversity at higher taxonomic levels (phylum and class). Reduction in spatial complexity could be a plausible reason for the observed patterns. Impacts could be mitigated by combining technical innovations, habitat restoration, and use of natural spaces as buffers for coastal protection. Since less than half of Okinawa Island’s coastline remains in a natural state, environmental conservation should be prioritized.

Environmental Heat Exposure Among Pet Dogs in Rural and Urban Settings in the Southern United States.

With advancing global climate change, heat-related illnesses and injuries are anticipated to become more prevalent for humans and other species. Canine hyperthermia is already considered an important seasonal emergency. Studies have been performed on the risk factors for heat stroke in canine athletes and military working dogs; however there is limited knowledge on environmental risk factors for the average pet dog. This observational study explores variation in individually experienced environmental temperatures of pet dogs (N = 30) in rural and urban environments in central Alabama. Temperature data from dogs and their owners was collected using wearable personal thermometers. Demographic data on the dogs was collected using a brief survey instrument completed by their owners. Dogs included in the study varied in signalment, activity level, and home environment. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to analyze repeated measure temperature and heat index values from canine thermometers to explore the effect of environmental factors on the overall heat exposure risk of canine pets. Specifically, the heat exposures of dogs were modeled considering their owner's experienced temperatures, as well as neighborhood and local weather station measurements, to identify factors that contribute to the heat exposure of individual dogs, and therefore potentially contribute to heat stress in the average pet dog. Results show hourly averaged temperatures for dogs followed a diurnal pattern consistent with both owner and ambient temperature measurements, except for indoor dogs whose recordings remained stable throughout the day. Heat index calculations showed that owners, in general, had more hours categorized into the National Weather Station safe category compared to their dogs, and that indoor dogs had a greater proportion of hours categorized as safe compared to outdoor dogs. Our results suggest that the risk of the average pet dog to high environmental heat exposure may be greater than traditional measures indicate, emphasizing that more localized considerations of temperature are important when assessing a dog's environmental risk for heat-related injury or illness.

Vector-borne pathogens in clinically healthy military working dogs in eastern Austria

Military working dogs have an increased risk of acquiring an infection with vector-borne pathogens due to kennel housing and regular exposure to wildlife and vectors. To evaluate the level of infections in clinically healthy dogs of the Austrian Armed Forces, 94 individuals of the Military Working Dog Training Centre (MWDTC) Kaisersteinbruch/eastern Austria were examined in August 2016, February 2019 and August 2019. A modified Knott test was used to determine the presence of microfilariae, PCR for DNA detection of filarioid nematodes (incl. Dirofilaria), Leishmania spp., piroplasms, Borrelia spp., Bartonella spp. and Anaplasmataceae, and serological examination for antibodies against Borrelia burgdoferi s. l. and Leishmania infantum in all dogs. Two dogs were positive for Dirofilaria repens in the Knott test, and one of them also by PCR. Six clinically healthy dogs (4.2%) were positive for Babesia canis (PCR). In serology, 10 (10.6%) of the dogs were positive for specific antibodies against Borrelia burgdoferi s. l. The results suggest that the current measures against arthropod vector exposure and the pathogens they can transmit are not fully sufficient for these dogs. Further investigations of the tick and mosquito fauna in this area will shed more light on the risk of exposure for both the dogs and the staff of the MWDTC.

The Paraprostatic Cyst in a Male Belgian Malinois MILITARY Working Dog

The Paraprostatic Cyst in a Male Belgian Malinois MILITARY Working Dog

Prehospital Emergency Cricothyrotomy in Dogs Part 1: Experiences With Commercial Cricothyrotomy Kits

The surgical cricothyrotomy (CTT) has been recommended for emergency front of neck airway access (eFONA) during a cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate scenario for military working dogs (MWD) and civilian law enforcement working dogs (operational K9s). In prehospital and austere environments, combat medics and emergency medical service providers are expected to administer emergency medical care to working dogs and may only have emergency airway kits designed for humans at their disposal. The objective of this article is to provide a detailed description of the application of such devices in cadaver dogs and highlight potential alterations to manufacturer guidelines required for successful tube placement. The kits evaluated included the Portex® PCK, Melker universal cricothyrotomy kit and H&H® emergency cricothyrotomy kit. A novel technique for awake cricothyrotomy in the dog is also described, which can also be considered for in-hospital use, together with the open surgical method described for the H&H® kit. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first publication documenting and providing instruction on the application of commercial cricothyrotomy kits in dogs.

Effects of 12-week full body resistance exercise on vertical jumping with and without military equipment in Slovenian Armed Forces

IntroductionJumping ability is one of the most important physical qualities in military personnel. Previous training intervention studies have shown equivocal effects on jumping ability. In this study, we assessed the...

Overuse Injury in Military Working Dog Handlers: A Pattern of Behavior and a Path to Prevention.

Military working dog handlers and their canine partners continue to be invaluable team members on missions of national importance, but little information exists in the medical literature regarding specific musculoskeletal injuries to military working dog handlers. We report a case of a dog handler with overuse shoulder traction injuries due to leash lunges from their dog in an effort to provide diagnostic insight and treatment options and look at prevention of common musculoskeletal manifestations of overuse in working dog handlers.

Empire's Labor: The Global Army That Supports U.S. Wars

Empire's Labor: The Global Army That Supports U.S. Wars

Research on Flexible Equipment Maintenance Process Scheduling Problems Based on HNSGSA Algorithm

The characteristics of military equipment maintenance work are analyzed. According to the actual needs of the army, the optimization objective is designed, and a multiobjective flexible maintenance process optimization model is built based on the maintenance business organization process. Combining the advantages of NSGA-II algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm, this paper proposes a novel improved HNSGSA algorithm, of which algorithm flow is detailed. In accordance with the requirements of the optimization model, this paper also specifically designs the coding methods of the process sequence, the equipment selection and the process scheduling, and the corresponding cross mutation method. The feasibility of the built model is verified by the actual data of maintenance business. And, the superiority, accuracy, and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are further validated by the comparison with the NSGA-II algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm, providing a scientific reference for the army to carry out equipment maintenance.

Professional ethics and social responsibility: military work and peacebuilding

This paper investigates four questions related to ethical issues associated with the involvement of engineers and scientists in 'military work', including the influence of ethical values and beliefs, the role of gendered perspectives and moves beyond the purely technical. It fits strongly into a human (and planet)-centred systems perspective and extends my previous AI and Society papers on othering and narrative ethics, and ethics and social responsibility. It has two main contributions. The first involves an analysis of the literature through the application of different ethical theories and the application of gendered analysis to discussion of masculinities in engineering and the military. The second is a survey of scientists and engineers to investigate their opinions and experiences. The conclusions draw together the results of these two contributions to provide preliminary responses to the four questions and include a series of recommendations covering education and training, ethical approval of work not involving human participants or animals, the need for organisational support, approaches covering wider perspectives and the encouragement of individual ethical commitment.