Military Work Research Articles

Servir en la marina de Aranjuez en el Siglo XVIII: un destino deseado = Serving in the Navy in Aranjuez in the 18th Century: A Desirable Destination

Desde mediados del siglo XVIII, la navegación de recreo por el Tajo fue una de las diversiones primaverales de la corte durante las «jornadas» de Aranjuez. Allí se construyeron varias embarcaciones con lujoso empavesado para el recreo de la familia real, y otras auxiliares. Anualmente para su cuidado y equipamiento, y para la periódica limpieza del cauce del Tajo, desde el departamento naval de Cartagena se enviaron efectos y pertrechos, un número variable de hombres de marinería y de maestranza (carpinteros de ribera y calafates), y unos pocos de las brigadas de artillería. Este destino en las llamadas «jornadas» fue muy apetecible, por llevadero y bien retribuido en comparación con la dura prestación militar en la Armada. Por tal motivo, en general un mismo personal eventual sirvió en Aranjuez varios años, siendo un mérito que facilitaba su promoción profesional y la de sus hijos. Abstract From the middle of the 18th century, royal recreational navigation on the Tagus River, known as the «jornadas» of Aranjuez, was one of the court’s springtime leisure activities. At the same place they were built several ships as auxiliary vessels; these were decorated and dressed luxuriously for the entertainment of the royal family. The naval department of Cartagena was responsible for the care and equipment of the ships and carried out regular cleaning of the Tagus riverbed, an operation which took place every year. They would sent fixtures and fittings, and assign a number of seamen and skilled workers (carpenters and specialists in caulking), and a few personnel from the artillery brigades; the number of staff would vary accordingly. This work destination, so-called «jornadas», was very attractive being less demanding and better paid than the hard military work in the Armada. For this reason, as a general rule, the same personnel served in Aranjuez for several years, this was considered a privilege since it enabled their professional advancement and that of their children.

U.S. Soldiers and Foreign Language School: Stressors and Health.

While previous studies have examined the stress of the military training environment, studies have not systematically examined the stress associated with attending the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC). Service members assigned to DLIFLC endure intense academic pressure to succeed while meeting military requirements. Thus, not only are traditional academic stressors likely to be of concern but there are other academic and military-related stressors that have to managed by students. The goal of the present study was to characterize the stressors facing military students, document their mental health status and well-being, and identify mitigating factors such as coping, social support, time management, and the classroom environment. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey administered in March of 2016. Study participants were 759 active-duty U.S. soldiers enrolled in DLIFLC, with a consent rate of 87.7%. Surveys were administered in classroom settings. Survey topics included demographics, student experience (e.g., classroom hours, stressors), mental health (e.g., depression, anxiety, hazardous alcohol use) and burnout, and mitigating factors (e.g., coping, social support, time management, classroom environment). Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify which variables in the predictor set were significantly associated with each of the five outcomes while controlling for the presence of all other variables. In terms of behavioral health, 7.2% met screening criteria for depression, 9.4% for anxiety, and 17.1% for hazardous alcohol use; 43.4% reported high/very high levels of burnout. About one-third of the sample who had taken a test failed at least one (32.2%). In terms of common stressors more than half reported high or very high-stress levels from meeting academic expectations, not getting enough sleep, and pressure to succeed from civilian language instructors. For depression and anxiety, regression results found that denial coping was a risk factor whereas positive social interaction and classroom climate were protective factors. For hazardous alcohol use, denial coping and higher rank were risk factors and acceptance and time management were protective factors. In terms of academic burnout, in-class and military work hours were risk factors, whereas time management and classroom climate were protective. Finally, lower educational attainment, time spent in the classroom and times spent on military duties predicted exam failure. Individual coping, social connection, and classroom climate are each associated with better DLIFLC student adjustment. Denial coping appears to impede individuals from assembling the personal resources needed to study a foreign language. In contrast, acceptance appears to support healthier adjustment, perhaps freeing individuals to focus on the task at hand rather than expend valuable energy resisting the demands being placed on them. Positive social interaction also appears to provide an important resource for students, and positive classroom climate is also associated with better mental health. These findings suggest that there are measures that individuals and the school can take to improve the DLIFLC experience and support students as they manage a myriad of stressors given the significance of their success to individual students and to the larger organization.

Українська військово-санітарна місія в Німеччині й таборові громади полонених українців у 1919 р.

У статті йдеться про діяльність Військово-санітарної місії для справ полонених вояків-українців у Німеччині, яка зосередила свої зусилля й на встановленні зв’язків з українськими таборовими громадами та надання їм адресної гуманітарної допомоги від уряду УНР з метою відновлення національно-просвітницької роботи у середовищі полонених українців. Завдяки цьому навесні-влітку 1919 р. у багатьох таборах були засновані аматорські драмгуртки, школи для неписьменних і малописьменних, бібліотеки, кооперативи. Діяльність Місії у таборах мала об’єктивно позитивні наслідки, засвідчивши готовність уряду УНР прийти на допомогу полоненим українцям у Німеччині.

USING THE EXPERIENCE OF TRAINING MILITARY PERSONNEL IN THE UNITED STATES TO ADVANCED TRAINING OF OFFICERS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE AND OTHER MILITARY FORMATIONS

The article deals with the problem of modernization of the training system for officers training of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations in the context of the modern strategic tasks of the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The peculiarities of modern training of servicemen in the USA are highlighted and possible aspects of the use of this experience in the system of professional development of officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. It is revealed that the existing system of training of servicemen in Ukraine does not fully meet the modern requirements and requires comprehensive modernization, which requires the study and implementation of advanced foreign experience in the training of officer personnel. The advantages of the military education system of the USA as one of the most powerful systems of military personnel training in the modern world are determined: the branch network of educational institutions providing training and advanced training of officer personnel at different stages of training according to the types of troops; systematic, phased and multi-level training, and advanced training; efficiency and dynamism; a combination of theoretical and practical training, civil and military education, teaching and research work; prestige, competitiveness and high efficiency. The urgent tasks of modernization of higher military education are defined taking into account the US experience: the transition to a professional army, introduction of modern standards of military activity, increase of flexibility and diversity of military education, increase of dependence of career growth on the level of qualification of servicemen, improvement of the structure of training of troops, attraction to teaching highly skilled , experienced military specialists, trainers (instructors) on highly specialized subjects, strengthening of scientific about maintenance of educational process, introduction of modern information technologies

Modeling method of internet public information data mining based on probabilistic topic model

From the perspective of military intelligence work, the rise and widespread use of the network has opened up new horizons for intelligence acquisition, but the continuous increase in the amount of data in the network has made traditional intelligence analysis stretched. Therefore, enriching and developing military intelligence analysis methods have certain practical significance to make up for the shortcomings in current intelligence analysis. The traditional military intelligence analysis method cannot realize the in-depth mining and analysis of the network Shanghai information, obtain the deep intelligence knowledge required by the military, introduce the data mining technology into the military intelligence analysis and construct the network military intelligence analysis based on data mining model. The semantic analysis-based intelligence analysis algorithm in this model has certain superiority compared with the traditional association analysis, which can effectively improve the analysis efficiency and accuracy of military intelligence.

INTRODUCTION STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS AND THE ARMED FORCES

This second edition in the 21st year of the publication of ‘Contemporary Military Challenges’ is dedicated to strategic communications and their influence, connections and interactions connected to the armed forces. Maybe you have already noticed that we use the term communications, and not communication? At first glance, many would think that the difference between these words and phrases is minor and irrelevant, because strategic communication and strategic communications cannot be that different in meaning; while others may be of the opinion that one form or the other is incorrect. Terminological consensus has not yet been reached in Slovene or in English. Based on the opinion of the Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian Language1, the term ‘strategic communications’ is used in Slovene in this edition in the context of the NATO concept. We would like to emphasize that we are not trying to codify the use with our choice of the term, but rather seeking to achieve consistency and encourage debate. The articles in this edition show that a lot of effort needs to be put into terminology. Some believe that it is not important to focus on small terminological differences, claiming that it is the content and its associated development that really matters. But is that really the case? While preparing this themed edition, we encountered numerous challenges, beginning with the planning phase itself. The basic idea was to devote some attention to the communications and communication of armed forces with different target audiences (internal or external), in different forms, such as classic media, social media, various public events and the use of force, among others. For the armed forces, the relationships within the forces, that is, between their personnel, and the relationships with other audiences, who may decide on the functioning and future of the armed forces, are of the utmost importance. In order to achieve the best possible result, we contacted Professor Marjan Malešič, PhD, from the Faculty of Social Sciences, a long-standing coordinator of the Public Opinion, Mass Media and the Military Working Group at the European Association of Military Sociologists, Ergomas. This edition includes some content from the special edition of the international publication on Strategic Communication, entitled ‘Guidelines for the Future of Strategic Communication’, published by Routledge Publications in November 2018. We have addressed not only the issue of terminology, but also the concept. This topic often appears in writing and has a rich history in terms of its content. The terms used most frequently in its history are: propaganda (the oldest), public relations, information influencing, communication, strategic communication, corporate communication, and strategic communications, among others. As concepts, they are listed in the NATO Military Concept for Strategic Communications, and described as the coordinated and dedicated use of NATO’s information-communication capabilities and activities. These include activities in public diplomacy, public relations, information and psychological operations, serving as an appropriate support of the politics, operations and activities of the Alliance for the implementation of NATO goals. The Republic of Slovenia has been a member of the Alliance for 15 years. The Slovenian Armed Forces have been fully engaged in various NATO activities and committed to NATO’s Strategic Communications Concept. So, the title of this themed edition is ‘Strategic Communications and the Armed Forces’. The conceptual and terminological aspects are only two of the many aspects of exploring this interdisciplinary and highly relevant topic. With its fast development, it offers many opportunities, but also questions. In the future, there will be even more opportunities for research, debate and various solutions.

CT measures of lumbosacral paraspinal muscle size are not correlated with CT measures of lumbosacral stability in military working Labrador Retrievers.

Management of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in military working dogs more frequently utilizes core conditioning exercise programs. Future research on the effectiveness of these programs may benefit from an improved understanding of relationships between paraspinal muscle size and lumbosacral stability. The aim of this retrospective, secondary analysis, cross-sectional study was to test the following hypotheses related to CT measures: (a) transverse paraspinal muscle area ratios differ between hip flexion and extension, (b) lumbosacral angle and lumbosacral range of motion differ by lumbosacral angle measurement technique, and (c) transverse paraspinal muscle area ratios are correlated with CT measures of lumbosacral stability (parasagittal and parasagittal oblique foraminal area changes) regardless of hip position and with lumbosacral range of motion within each hip position. Lumbosacral CT scans in hip flexion and extension were retrieved from a previous prospective study of military working Labrador Retrievers. A single observer performed triplicate measurements of transverse paraspinal muscle area ratios, parasagittal foraminal area, and parasagittal oblique foraminal area for each hip position and another observer independently performed triplicate measurements of lumbosacral angle and lumbosacral range of motion at L7-S1 using two published techniques. Thirty-nine dogs were analyzed and significant differences were identified between hip flexion and extension for all mean transverse paraspinal muscle area ratio values (P≤.05). Mean lumbosacral angles also significantly differed between the published techniques in both hip flexion and extension. When comparing mean lumbosacral range of motion values, one of the published techniques produced significantly smaller values. No significant correlation was found between transverse paraspinal muscle area ratios and parasagittal foraminal area changes, parasagittal oblique foraminal area changes, or lumbosacral range of motion. These results should be considered when designing studies using these CT measures in military working dogs.

ВІЙСЬКОВА КАФЕДРА ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО ПОЛІТЕХНІЧНОГО ІНСТИТУТУ НА СЛУЖБІ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ІДЕОЛОГІЇ (1944–1991)

The Soviet military training system unfolded at the universities of Lviv during the last period of the German-Soviet war, by the order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 75 and by the Resolution of the People's Commissariat of the USSR No. 413 from April 13, 1944, which restored military and naval training in higher civilian educational institutions of the USSR. According to these legal documents, the aim of military training was “educating the students youth in the love to the Motherland and the devotion to the Soviet authorities”. The military department of the Lviv Polytechnic Institute was founded after the restoration of the Institute in the early 1944–1945.The main idea of the research to investigate the role of the military department in the political education of students of one of the largest universities of Lviv in the Soviet period, to comprehensively consider the ideological and political functions of the officers of the department. Author were trying to investigate methods of political influence on student’s youth, to show main ways to inform and spread communist dogmas, popularize military service and achievements of the Soviet Army.In this research author used the materials of the State Archive of the Lviv region: the fund of the Lviv Polytechnic Institute of the Soviet period, R-120 and the fund of the Party Committee of the Lviv Polytechnic Institute – P-380. The materials of the «Soviet student institute’s newspaper» were used for the analysis of the political and ideological activities of officers of the military department. To confirm author's arguments, were used interviews with graduates of Lviv Polytechnic Institute, which give us some characteristic of the political work of the department.The tasks of military department of Lviv Polytechnic Institute were not only just training the officers. It also served as a key link in the ideological and political work. In order to identify «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists», the teachers of the department filled up so called personnel file for every student, with information about origin, parents and family.As a conclusion we need to say that the military department of the Lviv Polytechnic Institute conducted active political and propaganda work with students, who were often involved in various kinds of political events and celebrations. Military patriotic work with students led, on the one hand, to the understanding and acceptance by students their military duty, and on the other hand, the excessive political engagement influenced the maturing of anti-militaristic attitudes among young people in the late 1980s.

‘The lure of war’: reconsidering the motivations of nurses to volunteer in the First World War

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the motivations for British women to volunteer for the First World War were more nuanced and complicated than the formulaic binaries of patriotism versus pacifism. It reads the war-time memoirs of two women in military medical care, May Sinclair’s A Journal of Impressions in Belgium and Olive Dent’s A Volunteer Nurse on the Western Front to demonstrate how understandings of gender roles and nationalist affiliations rendered complexity to the reasons why certain women volunteered for war-work. These two women volunteered very early in the war and published their life-writing during the war (1915 and 1917 respectively). Consequently, they did not have the advantage of hindsight, and their writings were the product of the immediate pressures of the war environment. By reading the memoirs of these women and unpacking their overt motives to volunteer, this article reveals the nuances in the reasons women volunteered to engage in military medical work during the First World War.

“Soldiering By Consent” and Military–Civil Relations: Military Transition Into the Public Space of Policing

Growth in the armed forces undertaking public policing is occurring in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, and as such, a complex security landscape emerges, both practically and conceptually. The aim here is to pose questions of the manifest and latent issues in the assemblage of multiple actors in public policing. It asks the reader to consider the implications of military actors transitioning from defense duties ordinarily associated with military work, to policing activities in public spaces. Taking the London 2012 Olympic Games as our point of reference, this article argues that to understand military presence, their role must be considered in the broader context of military and policing functions, the “war on terror,” accountability, and future priorities for public policing. We must be careful not to assign the presence of the military into preexisting understandings of how megaevents should be secured—the military patrolling the streets of London represents more. Instead, as their presence comes to be legitimate in certain geopolitical contexts, critical questions must be asked especially as public and private arrangements are continually reworked in the domestic fight against terrorism.

ВІЙСЬКОВЕ ВИХОВАННЯ В УМОВАХ СЬОГОДЕННЯ: ПРОБЛЕМИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article analyzes the state of modern military education in Ukraine. It is stated that the pace and depth of implemented reforms in the system of military education, as well as the state and quality of training of military specialists do not fully meet the demands of the security and defense sector. The issues of military education under present conditions are emphasized. On the basis of analysis of normative documents, the main directions of educational work in the Armed Forces are highlighted. They include the following: moral and psychological support of combat and mobilization preparedness of troops (forces), combat duty, combat service, operational and combat training, specific activity of military formations; moral and psychological support of military discipline and prevention of offenses; information advocacy; cultural and educational work; military and social work. The achievements and drawbacks of the theory and practice of military education in Ukraine are highlighted. The importance of patriotic education in the system of military education is proved. The emphasis is placed on the need of practical application of scientifically grounded approaches to methodological, organizational and legal principles and technologies of military and patriotic education, coordination of efforts and unity of views of the military command and control units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with regard to military and patriotic education of personnel and the role of educational and socio-psychological institutions in this process, specification of the mechanism of implementation of military and patriotic education programs in the Armed Forces of Ukraine for corresponding periods, coordination of actions of state authorities, military management, military and patriotic public associations regarding the organization of military and patriotic education of citizens and purposeful preparation for military service. Through an analysis of normative documents, ways of improving educational work in the Armed Forces of Ukraine are defined: updating its content in accordance with the realities of the current situation in society, the state and the army, improving its organizational and methodical aspects, and introducing new flexible technologies into the educational process.

Efficacy of a Health Promotion Guidance Program Applied to the Police of São Paulo City

: The health promotion efficacy of a dietary regimen and physical activity guidance program applied to the Sao Paulo state military ppre-obese policemen exhibitedolice working in Sao Paulo city was investigated. The guidance program consisted of the delivery of a 10-minute talk on healthy nutritional habits and the beneficial effects of a regular physical activity practice for each volunteer personally. The physical fitness parameters related to the health of the volunteers were evaluated before and eight weeks after the interventional program. The study included 58 policemen working in Sao Paulo city, aged 34.9 ± 0.8 years (mean ± SEM). The application of the guidance program could decrease body fat percentage (BFP) (by 5.7%), abdominal circumference (ABC) (by 1.1%), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (by 2.4%), and increase flexibility (FLEX) (by 8.8%) and abdominal resistance (ABR) (by 5.2%). A change in physical activity behavior was also reported. Increases in the number of volunteers in very active (VA) (3.45%), active (ACT) (10.35%), and irregular active A (IRA) (5.17%) groups, and reductions in irregular active B (IRB) (13.79%) and sedentary (SED) (5.17%) groups were found. The policemen were classified (before-after) as obese (29.3% - 24.1%) and pre-obese (39.7% - 43.1%). Foty-three percent of pre-obese policemen exhibited more daily physical activity after the guidance program implementation. The guidance program was effective in increasing the adherence of pre-obese policemen to the physical activity practice, reduced the percentage of body fat and abdominal circumference, and improved lower limbs flexibility and abdominal muscle resistance.

P.L. Shilling (1786 – 1837)

A brief review of the main achievements of Pavel Lvovich Shilling, the inventor of the world's first valid model of the electromagnetic telegraph and binary code for transmitting letters and numbers, which served as an incentive for scientists from other countries, is presented. The information about the parents of Shilling, interesting facts from his activities, including the details of the work against the background of the historical situation in Europe of the first third of the XIX century, are given. P.L. Shilling is the author of many scientific works, including fundamental in Oriental studies, electrical engineering, cryptography and lithography. The facts of his contacts with European and German science of that time, in particular, with Andre Ampere, Alexander Humboldt and Thomas Sömmering, are given. The military engineering work of Shil-ling, the details of his participation in the Patriotic War of 1812 and in the oriental expedition, as well as the design, operation and testing of the electromagnetic telegraph created by him are described.

Kairat Zhumagaliyev – a poet of spiritual values

Kairat Zhumagaliyev is one of the first names that are mentioned among the poets who ascended tothe height of Kazakh lyrics since he has displayed his inner world and his mastery in all kinds and genresof lyric poetry. Most of his creative heritage consists of both poems and ballads and lyrical works. Thematic scope of K. Zhumagaliyev’s poems is various. At the earlies stage of his creative work he was moreinclined to children’s poetry and later he started to develop into a poet having a mature civic position.He intentionally began to choose social and political themes. Having improved his artistic mastery, hegradually proceeded to glorification of national spiritual values of his people. Touching upon a subjectthat is so cherished and near to heart and conscience of the nation, the poet K. Zhumagaliyev naturallyfosters in his readers careful attitude to spiritual values. His poetic creations have an important peculiarity – the poet glorifies national character, national spirit and national identity. The poet recalls withrespect the great warriors-defenders of the steppe whose military work and feats are an inexhaustiblesource of inspiration for future generations. The poet had to work hard in order to impart to future generation in an accessible form and in detail historical events that took place in life of the Kazakh people, themaster of the boundless steppes. The poet wants with all his heart that his independent people alwaysremember the names of those who have left an outstanding mark in the history of the country. Based onnumerous historical facts, Zhumagaliyev describes them from the point of view of the spectator in orderto reconstruct pictures of events and actions performed for the welfare of the nation. The tradition ofthe Kazakh people’s hospitality is one of the basic themes of his poetry. In his poems the poet describestruthfully and without bias modern manifestation of traditions handed down from generation to generation. Such themes as respect for elders, concern for the younger are particularly topical to the works ofthe poet Kairat Zhumagaliev. These virtues are part of and attributes of folk pedagogy, the attitude ofmodern society to old but ever-young values. The article reveals the theme, the ideological goal of thepoet in glorifying spiritual values. Using scientific and literary analysis it forms the rationale for the poet’sability to convey a strong connection between the past and the present of the people, to show events ofthe long-ago through the prism of the worldview of modern man.

Israel–Ukraine: The Importance of History

The interview deals with the impressions and experience of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the State of Israel to Ukraine as well as the most beneficial areas of bilateral cooperation between Ukraine and Israel. It is also mentioned that although Mr Ambassador officially presented his credentials to the President in November, he has been in Ukraine since the end of August, as staff turnover of Israeli diplomatic missions usually starts in summer. The article underscores that bilateral cooperation with Israel should, above all, be based on agricultural business because this sphere has a great potential to develop. It is desirable to find how states can intensively cooperate in the sphere of agriculture and agricultural technologies; how to develop real business and not just grow cereals. About 40,000 Ukrainian farmers, predominantly from Kherson and Odesa regions, have taken part in trainings on agricultural business for strengthening cooperation between the two states in this realm. Besides, Israel is becoming increasingly active in the area of physical rehabilitation. Mr Ambassador argues that a diplomat must have a sound knowledge of history. No less important is to understand the mindset of people of the receiving state. His Excellency has always wanted to serve his state, and there are only few means to do this. You may serve as a diplomat or military man or work at a non-governmental organisation or for people’s sake; however, in the sphere of diplomacy, Mr Ambassador is able to give his state a voice to speak with the world, which is the reason why he became a diplomat. It is stressed that stereotypes are the reason of many misfortunes in the world. People do not want to find the truth and discover new things and are thus mired in stereotypes, which is why Israel started to position itself as an open state, poised to show its true face. Israel is eager to display this unique combination of antique history, family values, innovations, spiritual traditions, etc. A diplomat should also try to combat stereotypes and present his country as it is. Key words: Israel, bilateral cooperation, agriculture, agricultural business, rights of women, features of a diplomat.

Młodość Alfreda Wielopolskiego w świetle korespondencji rodzinnej

Alfred Wielopolski was belonged to a close group of people involved in creation of the beginnings scientific and cultural life in Western Pomerania. In Szczecin, with which the final connected his life after World War II, he was known above all as a devoted lecturer, inquisitive archivist, selfless social worker and activist of most scientific societies and institutions. An interesting information is that, he performed a number of important state functions in during the interwar period – such as holding the deputy chief of Wieluń, managing the Civil Secretariat of the President of the Republic of Poland or acting as the director of the Senate Office. Because of his birth, he was belonged to the strict elite of the landed gentry. In addition to diaries, from this period of his activity remained family correspondence located in the team of the Myszkow ordination of the State Archives in Kielce. It is a very valuable and interesting addition to the above memories. Reading epistolary allows us to see, what worries accompanied the young aristocrat during his studies, studies, military service and work. The materials describe happy and sad moments, they do not hide youthful weaknesses to alcohol or tobacco. They also describe love, often complicated in these difficult Times. In most cases, young Alfred shared his insights with his father, asking him for tips and advice. Description of military service and work in the state administration apparatus allows the reader to see the image, that has gone forever. This article is an attempt to quote the main content of letters interested in this period.

ОСНОВИ ВІЙСЬКОВО СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ РОБОТИ У ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ ТА АРМІЯХ ПРОВІДНИХ КРАЇН СВІТУ

The article discusses the content of the military-social work of the Ukraine Armed Forces as a moral and psychological support component. The functions, tasks and content of military-social work are revealed. The understanding of the military-social work content has been supplemented and expanded. A comparative analysis of the social workers and volunteer activities in the Ukraine Armed Forces and the foreign countries armies was carried out.The specialization of the social worker was marked as a complex of social-legal, economic and vigorous calls, conducted by the state, government bodies, commanders and headquarters of all regions, and all of them, member of the group of services. The military social work main tasks are highlighted: protection of social norms and guarantees of military personnel in accordance with existing legislation; implementation of measures to reduce the social tension of military collectives; research of social processes in military collectives; creation of prerequisites for the formation and maintenance of high combat activity of personnel; adaptation of military personnel to changing conditions, work with families of military personnel. The fact that in the Armed Forces of Ukraine military-social work is primarily informational, advisory in nature, rather than the practical implementation of measures to ensure the social protection of the state's military personnel, has been ascertained.

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome.

In Korea, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was first reported in a United Nations (UN) soldier stationed in the central front, also known as the “Iron Triangle”. In 1976, professor Ho Wang Lee discovered an antigen in the lung and kidney tissues of Apodemus agrarius. In 1980, this novel virus was named Hantaan virus after the Hantaan river. The Old World Hantaviruses, which are usually found in East Asia and Europe, are generally transmitted to humans via the respiratory pathway during dry seasons, usually in late spring and fall. Currently, 300 – 600 cases per year are reported in Korea with a mortality rate of 1 – 2%. The typical clinical course of HFRS is classified into five phases: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent. And treatment for HFRS is mostly conservative. A vaccine for the Hantaan virus was developed in 1988 and marketed in 1990. Because HFRS outbreaks mostly occur in regions near the truce line in Korea, vaccination is virtually the only protection against the virus among military personnel working in such regions and local residents. Therefore, proving the effectiveness of the HFRS vaccine and devising efficient vaccination plans have been considered a major task for Korea's health authorities.

The Best Gun in the World: George Woodward Morse and the South Carolina State Military Works by Robert S. Seigler

Reviewed by: The Best Gun in the World: George Woodward Morse and the South Carolina State Military Works by Robert S. Seigler Merritt Roe Smith The Best Gun in the World: George Woodward Morse and the South Carolina State Military Works. By Robert S. Seigler. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2017. Pp. viii, 279. $49.99, ISBN 978-1-61117-792-3.) I suspect that relatively few, if any, readers of this journal have ever heard of George Woodward Morse (1812–1888). Yet, according to Robert S. Seigler, Morse played a key role in hastening the transition from traditional muzzle-loading firearms to faster firing breechloaders during the Civil War. Morse's technical contribution consisted mainly of two related inventions: a breech-loading firearm that many experts considered "the best in the world" and, even more important, the introduction of a metallic self-contained center-fire cartridge that effectively sealed the gun's breech (p. 2). Seigler convincingly argues that Morse's breech-loading system was a "world-changing" invention that set the stage for the advent of modern firearms (p. 225). Seigler provides a detailed account of the cultural contexts of technological innovation in this handsomely produced volume, starting with Morse's New England background and training as a highly skilled machinist, his invention of the breech-loading system that bore his name, and his key patents of the late 1850s that set the stage for ongoing efforts to market his inventions both in the United States and abroad. The great strength of the book is the exacting detail Seigler provides on the various arms and cartridges Morse produced between the mid-1850s and the end of the Civil War. Seigler even goes so far as to provide an appendix that lists all known Morse firearms and where they are currently located. Clearly his work is a labor of love that will be appreciated by interested readers. A critical juncture occurred in Morse's life when he moved to Louisiana by 1840, where he joined his older brother (a lawyer-politician), married a well-off Louisiana widow, served as Louisiana's state engineer, and became a plantation owner with numerous slaves. These connections ultimately influenced his decision to side with the South when the Civil War came. After serving briefly as the superintendent of the Tennessee State Armory in Nashville, he moved his arms-making operation to the South Carolina State Military Works in Greenville, where he oversaw the production of 1,032 brass-frame carbines between 1862 and 1865. Seigler erroneously states that this level of output constituted mass production. In fact, only the U.S. national armory at Springfield, Massachusetts, and possibly the Colt works in nearby Hartford, Connecticut, possessed the capability of meeting Fordist standards of mass production during the Civil War. Seigler provides a revealing portrait of the State Works' racially mixed labor force, which he estimates at 240 workers, possibly more—a sizable operation. The degree of versatility and skill that existed at the armory is well illustrated by the fact that it not only made firearms but also constructed a variety of machine tools, hand tools, ironwork, wagon work, railway equipment, and a fire engine. Given such diverse wartime demands on the facility, it is no wonder Morse's production of rifles proved relatively limited. Indeed, it appears that labor resources were not the primary limiting factor at Greenville, because Seigler indicates that transportation costs and limited access to raw materials slowed production. [End Page 169] Morse's loyalty to the Confederacy proved costly. After the war he initiated numerous lawsuits against those who, he believed, had infringed on his patent rights. But, in the end, his efforts failed when, in 1892, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed his company's final appeal, declaring, "'When he [Morse] went out of the Union, designing and scheming against its life, he abandoned all claims to its patents and their values'" (p. 217). Anyone interested in Civil War small arms and their relationship to modern weaponry will want to read this book. In addition to being deeply researched, it identifies a notable missing link in the shift from older long arms of the prewar years...

Concepts of Prehospital Advanced Airway Management in the Operational K9: A Focus on Cricothyrotomy.

Similar to people, airway obstruction is a potentially preventable cause of combat and line of duty death for civilian law enforcement Operational K9s (OpK9) and military working dogs (MWD). Basic (i.e., body positioning, manual maneuvers, bag-valve-mask ventilation) and advanced (i.e., endotracheal intubation, surgical airways) airway techniques are designed to establish a patent airway, oxygenate and ventilate, and protect from aspiration. A surgical airway (cricothyrotomy [CTT] or tracheostomy [TT]) is warranted for difficult airway scenarios in which less invasive means fail to open an airway (aka "Cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate"). In people, the surgical CTT is the preferred surgical airway procedure; most human prehospital providers are not even trained on the TT. Currently, only the TT is described in the veterinary literature as an emergent surgical airway for MWDs. This article describes the novel approach of instituting the surgical CTT for managing the canine difficult airway. The information provided is applicable to personnel operating within the US Special Operations Command as well as civilian tactical emergency medical services that may have the responsibility of providing medical care to an OpK9 or MWD.