Military-technical Cooperation Research Articles

MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN ENSURING THE REGIONAL SECURITY OF CENTRAL ASIAN STATES

The article examines the issues of expanding and strengthening the military-political cooperation of the Republic of Tajikistan with the Russian Federation to ensure the security of the states of the Central Asian region. It is noted that a broad legal and organizational-structural base has been created that enshrines the directions of military-political cooperation between the two states. The international activities of states in the field of security in the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States hereinafter (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (hereinafter CSTO) and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (hereinafter SCO). The history of the formation of security cooperation aimed at countering modern challenges is disclosed. The basic principles and features of the development of military — technical cooperation between the two states in the framework of the CSTO are determined. The importance of military-technical cooperation in order to ensure the security of Central Asian states is substantiated.

INTERESTS OF RUSSIA AND TURKEY IN MILITARY–TECHNICAL COOPERATION

For several centuries, Turkey remains an important subject of international politics for Russia. This is due, firstly, to the geographical proximity of the two states, and secondly, to the desire to ensure internal security and regional security, in which Russia and Turkey have been actively involved in recent years. The fight against terrorism, namely with such terrorist organizations as ISIS, etc. is one of the significant areas in the cooperation of the two countries. Turkey needs to develop partnerships in the military-technical sphere with Russia, which has rich experience, to ensure security in the country. This article is devoted to the study of cooperation between Russia and Turkey in the military-technical sphere. Statistical material characterizing the state of the global arms market is given, in the course of the analysis, leaders in the global arms market were identified, and positions in Russia and Turkey were shown; the role of the Russian and Turkish military-industrial complex for the domestic economy is defined; the previous experience of cooperation in the military-industrial complex, and the agreements between Russia and Turkey are analyzed, the current state of military-technical cooperation between Russia and Turkey is assessed. As a result of the study, factors that influence the development of bilateral ties were identified and promising areas of military-technical cooperation were proposed.

Research of the influence of humanomics on the economic effect of compensation agreements

The object of research is the humanitarian context of offset policy, which is studied using the collection of evidence in the field of study-in the defense industry of Europe. One of the most problematic places in the sphere of trade in military goods is the humanitarian factor of economic relations, namely the influence of non-economic factors on the economic effect. The humanitarian aspect of economic relations led to a study of the foundations of the so-called «humanitarian economy» or «humanomics» as a moral and ethical category of economic relations, and military-technical cooperation, as a purely rational category of relations between producers, suppliers and importers of military products. The concept of «humanomics» is formed not so long ago, therefore this topic is not sufficiently disclosed in the literature, making research promising. During the study, the key concepts of the traditional and humanitarian economics, their dialectic unity, interpenetration and interconnection were revealed. In addition to studying the impact of compensation transactions on business processes in small and medium-sized enterprises, a special business model, the so-called compensation transaction model, is developed in this research. The model is based on a three-stage systematic approach: at the first stage, problems associated with compensation agreements at small and medium enterprises are identified, and at the second stage, empirical data are analyzed. At the latter, a theoretical model is proposed that is specially developed for practicing specialists and is tested using practically two specific cases. Thanks to the use of the proposed model, it is possible to support the implementation of compensation agreements at all levels of management, including planning, implementation of tasks and control. For the military-trade cooperation of Ukraine with other weapons-importing countries, offset models will contribute to deepening economic cooperation in the competition on the global arms and military equipment markets. Therefore, it is extremely important, while strengthening the humanitarian aspects of offset policy, at the same time actively developing and implementing mechanisms of competitive counteraction.

MILITARY POWER IN US FOREIGN POLICY - TRADITION AND CHALLENGES

When considering the military power of the United States, it is necessary to distinguish military force and military power. Military force represents an organization that is equipped and trained to use force. America is clearly the largest military power in the world, and that is a fact. However, the term military power is significantly wider than that of the military force. It also includes elements related to the threat of using force and many other activities related to the involvement of military force in contemporary international relations, including international defense cooperation, military-technical cooperation, the purchase and sale of weapons and military equipment, and more. The paper focuses on this exact segment of military power, understood as a willingness to engage the US military force outside their national territory. The aim of the paper is to describe the evolution of the United States’ strategic thought regarding military power as a foreign policy instrument by analyzing the key processes in specific historical conditions from their independence to modern times. The results of this analysis will represent valuable indicators for a future role of military power in the US foreign policy in terms of potential conflicts for the preservation of global hegemony.

Military-technical cooperation of Russia with the countries of Latin America. Potential for development and risk factors

The article contains the basic principles, trends and problems of military-technical cooperation (MTC) of Russia with the countries of Latin America. By the beginning of the 21st century, Latin America had become a rather promising, large-scale market for the import of military products, attractive to major world-class arms manufacturers, including Russia. This was largely facilitated by the complex of factors prevailing at the regional level, both in geopolitical, national-political, and financial-economic and industrial-technological spheres. As a result, in many countries of the region decisions were taken in the field of military construction aimed at the transition to the modernization of used weapons and military equipment, which are usually represented by outdated models of the 1950-1970s. The article reveals the potentially most significant areas of the Russian military-technical cooperation in the region, the risks and problems that hinder this cooperation, and the favorable prerequisites for building it up in the future.

The Impacts of Indonesia and Russia Trade Relations on Indonesia’s Maritime Security

This article is to examine the increasing development of the bilateral trade relations between the Republic of Indonesia and the Russian Federation. Also it aims at studying the Indonesia-Russia trade relations on Indonesia’s national security. Thus, in pursuit of its national interest, Indonesia is working very hard to further strengthen its bilateral trade relations with Russia. Marking the 50 year old relationship in the beginning of the 21st century, the two countries have booked an increasing trade in their relations. This research employed qualitative research methods featuring descriptive analysis of the data on the bilateral relations within “The Framework of Friendly and Partnership in the 21st century”. Therefore, the author exposed the works of two main consultation mechanisms, namely the Indonesian-Russian Joint Commission on Trade, Economic and Technical Cooperation and the Joint Commission on Military Technical Cooperation under the President Megawati Sukarnoputri administration (2003 - 2004), succeeded by the 1st team of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004 -2009) and the 2nd team of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2009-2014), and President Joko Widodo (2014 - present). An increase is recorded in the overall trade relations of the two countries. Nevertheless, Indonesia still suffered from trade deficit. In addition, the Indonesian defense capability has increased.

Бенилюкс: Новые горизонты оборонного сотрудничества

The article examines Benelux defence cooperation model. Research methodology is based on comparative research which is applied to the so called defence clusters framed by small nations of Western Europe. The article discusses the main parameters of the defence cooperation among Benelux countries for today and for upcoming future. It traces the origin and growth of military ties among Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg after the end of the Cold War. In this regard defence priorities of these small nations are assumed within the context of changing security environment in Europe and beyond. The main areas of their joint activity, specific programs and projects of defence cooperation are being traced. Military reform notably personnel size reduction and armed forces reorientation towards new tasks dealing are being analyzed. Economic reasons which determine the level of ambition in militarytechnical cooperation among Benelux countries are also taken into consideration. The influence of external factors, notably Benelux partner nations from EU and NATO is also analyzed. It is calculated to what measure new developments inside EU (like Brexit or transatlantic disputes) affect the overall European security climate. Universal nature of Benelux defence model is a good example of incubator where new ideas and concepts emerge and turn into achievements that are similarly profitable for both EU and NATO. Experience gained by the three allies inside their defence cluster may become a model for other sub-regional groupings in Europe. The results of the study shows that Benelux defence cluster is a promising track of cooperation among its member states and it may be further improved.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПРИСУТСТВИЯ РОССИИ НА ГЛОБАЛЬНОМ РЫНКЕ ВООРУЖЕНИЯ И В ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ РЕГИОНАХ В РАМКАХ ВОЕННО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

The article provides an overview of Russia's military-technical cooperation, the specifics of state regulation in the context of the world arms and military equipment market. Emphasis has been made on some regions (CIS, Africa, Latin America) where activities are intensified. The effectiveness of the existing system of military-technical cooperation of Russia and particular aspects of its functioning are evaluated.

Pakistan-French Relations in the 21st Century

The article discusses the political, economic and cultural cooperation of Pakistan with France in the twenty-first century. Attention is drawn to a peculiar bias towards France in the frequency of political and diplomatic visits by representatives of Pakistan. Due to the fact that France is a traditional donor of the Pakistani economy, attention is drawn to the desire of the parties to increase the role of public diplomacy in the development of trade and economic relations. Meanwhile, France is Pakistan’s long-standing export partner, one of the top ten countries in which Pakistan exports its goods. The importance of developing such areas of cooperation as energy and transport is emphasized. Military-technical cooperation is singled out as a traditional area of cooperation between Pakistan and France. The role of France in the creation and development of the naval forces of Pakistan is indicated. The complicated relations between countries on the issue of nuclear cooperation are shown. The article also discusses security issues, namely, current bilateral documents, joint efforts to combat terrorism, and there gime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons are presented. Interaction in the field of culture is presented on the example of the work of the three centers of the French public organization Alliance de Frances. Separately, attention is drawn to the interaction of state structures of the two countries regarding the return of relics illegally exported from Pakistan. In conclusion, it is concluded that Pakistan’s orientation towards France is quite justified, since this European state has always been friendly to it, is powerful in its economic potential and resources, and the development of relations with this country does not conflict with the orientation towards the United States.

ПАКИСТАНО-ФРАНЦУЗСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В ХХI в.

The article discusses the political, economic and cultural cooperation of Pakistan with France in the twenty-first century. Attention is drawn to a peculiar bias towards France in the frequency of political and diplomatic visits by representatives of Pakistan. Due to the fact that France is a traditional donor of the Pakistani economy, attention is drawn to the desire of the partiesto increase the role of public diplomacy in the development of trade and economic relations. Meanwhile, France is Pakistan’s long-standing export partner, one of the top ten countries in which Pakistan exports its goods. The importance of developing such areas of cooperation as energy and transport is emphasized. Military-technical cooperation is singled out as a traditional area of cooperation between Pakistan and France. The role of France in the creation and development ofthe naval forces of Pakistan isindicated. The complicated relations between countries on the issue of nuclear cooperation are shown. The article also discussessecurity issues, namely, current bilateral documents, joint effortsto combat terrorism, and the regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons are presented. Interaction in the field of culture is presented on the example of the work of the three centers of the French public organization Alliance de Frances. Separately, attention is drawn to the interaction of state structures of the two countries regarding the return of relics illegally exported from Pakistan. In conclusion, it is assumed that Pakistan’s orientation towards France is quite justified, since this European state has always been friendly to it, is powerful in its economic potential and resources, and the development of relations with this country does not conflict with the orientation towards the United States.

ЭНЕРГЕТИКА И ЭКОНОМИКА КАК ОСНОВНЫЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКО-ИНДИЙСКОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

The implementation of the Greater Eurasian Partnership concept is hard to imagine without the development of both Russia-China and RussiaIndia cooperation. It is obvious that in the near future India will become one of the dynamic centers of economic development not only in South Asia, but also in the world, so the interest in this country among Russian and foreign scientists is only increasing. Moreover, India is one of the traditional trading partners of Russia (previously – the USSR), and it is not just about military-technical and humanitarian cooperation. Currently, new opportunities are emerging, so the analysis of the current state and prospects of Russian-Indian cooperation is very relevant. The intensification of multilateral interaction within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is an effective tool for the conducting Russian interests in the Central and South Asian regions. India and Pakistan, that became the fully legitimate members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 2017, are concerned not only in expanding their political, economic and humanitarian influence, but also in carrying out investment projects under the auspices of the Organization. Russia-India relations, that somewhat slowed down in the 1990s, are getting now a new boost thanks to the opening prospects for regional integration that contributes to strengthening the already established partnership areas in such important areas as the economy and energy.

Фактор военно-технического сотрудничества в двусторонних отношениях Индонезии со странами мира

The article analyzes the modern cooperation of Indonesia with the leading countries of the world and the ASEAN countries in the field of military-technical cooperation. Indonesia maintains military-technical ties with the Russian Federation, the USA, China, Europe, the countries of Southeast Asia and other countries of the world. Indonesia has repeatedly stated its desire to become a major center of power and a significant regional power, as a result of which the ruling circles of Indonesia try not to enter into defensive alliances with other states and avoid a strong rapprochement with the major powers of modern times: Russia, the United States and China. We can say that Indonesia, like a pendulum, balances between relationships that are beneficial to it, taking advantage.

Features of legal regulation in the field of military-technical cooperation: the orig-inal beginning (principles)

The article is devoted to exploring of peculiarities of legal regulation of relations, arising in the sale of Russian military products on the world arms market. Types of legal regulation, administrative and private law institutions, existing in the implementation of international trade transactions in the sphere of military cooperation, have been revealed. The scopes of the general prohibitions and permissions which in conjunctions determine uniqueness of legal regulation in implementing of the government policy in the sphere of the military technical cooperation have been defined.

СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО РОССИИ С ВЬЕТНАМОМ

Russia is developing cooperation with Vietnam in the format of a comprehensive strategic partnership and in conditions of mutual understanding and trust of the heads of state. Military and economic cooperation began in 1946 during the first Indochina war, strengthened and expanded in 1966-1973. during the Second Indochina war. Vietnam received tremendous help in rebuilding the national economy and industrialization from the USSR until its collapse in 1991. Restructuring in post-Soviet Russia affected the sharp reduction in military assistance and economic relations with Vietnam. In the XXI century, the rapid development of Russian-Vietnamese cooperation began as part of the RF’s strategy for the “return to Asia” brand. Tasks. Explore the current trends in relations between Russia and Vietnam in the face of global instability, new threats and challenges of the XXI century. Methodology. The use of scientific methods of cognition and study of factors affecting interstate relations. Results. The results of military-technical cooperation and trade are analyzed. Personal participation of the President of the Russian Federation in the restoration of a comprehensive strategic partnership. Conclusions. Vietnam, relying on Russia, successfully solves economic problems and has a reliable military shield to repel any aggression in the turbulent and explosive atmosphere of confrontation with China due to the military conflict in the South China Sea.

MILITARY-POLITICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN UKRAINE AND NATO: FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATION PROGRAMS (THE END OF THE 20TH – THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY)

The article shows the course of Ukraine's military-political cooperation with the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO) during the 2000s. Cooperation with NATO, which was developed within the Partnership for Peace program, was part of a set of European integration measures of our country and was made to increase the interoperability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFO) with NATO units. Military-political cooperation was the priority area of​​cooperation. Cooperation with NATO has positively impacted the reform and further development of the Armed Forces, security tasks compliance. The author retrospectively analyzes the characteristics of the Ukrainian state's cooperation with NATO through the prism of bilateral relations' regulatory framework. Given the geopolitical challenges facing Ukraine in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the emphasis is placed on the North Atlantic Alliance's importance. Bilateral relations have reached a qualitatively new level after the signing of the Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between Ukraine and NATO (1997), which intensified contacts between representatives of the Alliance and Ukraine's central authorities. The priorities of the State Program of Reform and Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the period up to 2005, the State Program of Cooperation of Ukraine with NATO for the period up to 2001, the State Program of Cooperation of Ukraine with NATO for 2001-2004, the Concept of Military-Technical Cooperation of Ukraine foreign states for the period up to 2010 and other significant documents concerning bilateral relations were determined. The study stressed the futility of the multi-vector policy and the need to deepen contacts with NATO in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Keywords: NATO, Armed Forces, army, European integration.

Некоторые особенности военно-экономической деятельности периода коронакризиса

COVID-19 related crisis is a collective designation of the current stage of the global system crisis, in which COVID-19 is a catalyst and a trigger of many ongoing processes, including destructive and destabilizing ones. The impact of this pandemic on military-economic activities (MEA) is direct and indirect. On the one hand, it is hampering MEA direct functioning, including personnel supply, a decrease in solvent demand, the possibility of financing and the implementation of military-technical cooperation. On the other hand, global tensions, confrontation, psychological instability and behavioral radicalism are on the rise under the COVID-19 conditions. And this is reflected in the demand for military power, power tools as a certain kind of “safety belt” and, accordingly, for MEA products, including non-traditional ones, for “hybrid” confrontations. In addition, due to the pandemic, the role of MEA as one of the “locomotives” of the recovery from the trap of the crisis, and as a technological incubator, has increased. Under the crisis conditions, the most important task for MEA is to increase its functional and economic efficiency. Taking into account the limited resources of MEA, in any case they should provide reliable military security of the Russian Federation (RF), so-called asymmetric deterrence. Drawing Russia into a costly arms race would be unacceptable, as it would contribute to the collapse of the country, like it has been the case with the USSR. Therefore, the issue of proper distribution of funds and resources within the framework of the entire national security complex of the RF between its foreign, military and home, socio-economic components is an acute one. In this regard, a pressing issue is to set tough priorities in determining the key directions of development of MEA of the Russian Federation, technological and military-technical policy, and the defense sector as a whole. And that should be reflected in the planning and implementation of the state armament program, the state defense order and other measures in the field of national defense and security.

Шляхи використання апарату військових аташе у сфері військово-технічного співробітництва України з іноземними державами

У статті проаналізовано місце та роль апарату військових аташе в системі військово-технічного співробітництва України з іноземними державами. Висвітлено організаційно-правові та інформаційні чинники, які стримують розвиток військово-технічного співробітництва та оборонно-промислового комплексу, а також зазначені ключові причини недостатньо ефективної діяльності апаратів військових аташе в цій сфері.Перевагами використання апарату військових аташе в країні перебування в системі дипломатичних засобів політичної підтримки військово-технічного співробітництва України є:можливість вести діяльність безпосередньо в країні перебування;наявність дипломатичних привілеїв та імунітетів, а також високого соціального статусу;кореляція між типовими функціями дипломатичного представництва щодо збору і поширення інформації про країну перебування та потребами у сфері військово-технічного співробітництва;об’єктивна наближеність до суб’єктів військово-технічного співробітництва.Запропоновано шляхи розвитку військово-технічного співробітництва шляхом удосконалення інформаційного супроводу та політичної підтримки цього співробітництва апаратами військових аташе.Визначена нагальна потреба нормативних та інституційних змін з боку центральних органів виконавчої влади з метою оптимізації роботи апаратів військових аташе. З цією метою необхідно: регламентувати місце, роль, функції апарату військових аташе у сфері військово-технічного співробітництва у нормативно-правових документах, які визначають статус аташату; делегувати Аташе з питань оборони повноваження щодо прийняття ним самостійних рішень відносно проведення в країні перебування інформаційно-презентаційних заходів;створити систему забезпечення апарату військових аташе інформаційно-довідковою базою;переглянути комунікативну політику в діяльності військових аташе і спрямувати зусилля на виконання ними сучасних вимог публічної дипломатії, на формування не лише позитивного іміджу збройних сил країни, але й інформаційної підтримки маркетингових комунікацій підприємств оборонно-промислового комплексу держави.

Bilateral Relations between Germany and Saudi Arabia: Military-Political Dimension

Germany is an example of power, which is consistently trying to increase its role in global politics, including more active part in the solution of a wide range of military-political questions. At the same time Germany is facing the growing number of challenges for its own security, coming mostly from unstable Asian and African states. This makes Germany pay more attention on the Middle East in searching of new and strengthening traditional links with the regional partners. In this regard the article covers the dynamics, problems and perspectives of the bilateral interactions between Germany and Saudi Arabia in political-military sphere during the 2010s. Traditionally Saudi Arabia was one of the key partners of the ‘collective West’ in the Middle East and has had rather good relations with Germany. The key research method used in the article is the event-analysis. The research paper profoundly investigates the relations between Germany and Saudi Arabia during the first half of the 2010s. The article stresses the mutual interest in expanding and deepening cooperation in the context of the “Arab awakening”, including the solution of the Syrian problem. The key focus is paid to the growing discrepancies in positions of two parts regarding the Yemen conflict resolution in the context of confrontation between Saudi Arabia and Iran. The article also describes the dynamics of negotiations between Germany and Saudi Arabia on the highest and high levels in the middle 2010s. The paper points out the growing recession periods in German-Saudi relations in 2016-2017 (taken into account the execution of Shiite preachers in KSA; Qatar diplomatic crises and the assassination of J. Khashoggi). After the signature and implementation of the Iranian ‘nuclear deal’ Germany has been increasingly inclined towards the tactics of “balancing” between Iran and Saudi Arabia. And in this regard has emphasized the unacceptability of a direct military conflict between them. After Trump’s administration withdrawal from Iranian nuclear deal the article stresses the tougher German pressure on Saudi Arabia both in militarytechnical cooperation and political spheres in order to assure the withdrawal of Saudi Arabian military forces from Yemen. In the conclusion the author specifies the politicization of the bilateral military-technical cooperation and the sharp increase of the influence of Iranian factor over the German-Saudi relations. Three scenarios of future development of the confrontation between two states are proposed. Depending on each of them, the prospects for the development of German-Saudi relations are defined.

Military-Technical Cooperation between Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China – drivers and perspectives of future evolution

The article aims to identify and analyze the underlying dynamics of military-technical cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China – an important topic due to both states’ roles as great powers and potential challengers to the Western-led liberal international order. The author identifies the main political, military and economic drivers of Sino-Russian military-technical cooperation. By introducing the context of contemporary global trends that shape the defense-industrial landscape, the text addresses the question of the continued relevance of this particular relationship. Finally, the author offers some foundations for forecasting the future trajectory of Sino-Russian military-technical cooperation.

Military and Military-Technical Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus

Military and Military-Technical Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus