Military Enterprise Research Articles

A Criminological–Military Enterprise

Abstract This article builds upon, and extends, critiques of British criminology’s enterprising collaboration with state-based institutions. Through an investigation of the discipline’s discreet contribution to the UK military ‘knowledge economy’ (Catignani and Basham 2021), criminological research is revealed as having the capacity to insulate the British military from critique and depoliticize military violence. Informed by criminological and critical military studies scholarship, the ‘criminological–military enterprise’ is introduced into academic discourse. This term offers a critical analysis of the discipline’s contemporary ‘blended’ (Shields 2024) research with the British military estate, provides ‘enriched reflexive’ (Danielsson 2022) problems for critical scholars to contemplate, and calls for a (re)politicization of military issues within criminological research.

Can food sovereignty be institutionalised? Insights from the Cuban experience

AbstractCuba stands out among Latin American nations for its efforts to institutionalize food sovereignty (FS) through the promotion of alternative small‐scale farming, making it a prime case study for this model. This paper examines the extent to which Cuba has institutionalized FS and the factors driving this process from an agrarian political economy perspective. Public policies, sustainable practices and key actors—including a ‘partner state’—have advanced agroecology as a core strategy to reduce food imports since the early 1990s. However, other entities, such as the military enterprise Grupo de Administración Empresarial S.A. (GAESA), may be seen as obstacles to this strategy. Whilst these struggles and tensions are not unique to Cuba, the island stands out for its decisive steps in institutionalizing FS. Cuba has achieved significant ‘pockets’ or ‘spaces’ of FS, despite lacking a fully consolidated domestic food system.

Tunnels of power: The cultural politics of the Beijing subway

Abstract This article investigates the cultural politics of the Beijing subway. Drawing on diverse sources, we trace the evolution of the subway over the last half-century to reveal that it transcends its fluctuating, time-specific practicalities to serve as a potent conduit through which the Chinese state consistently shapes subjecthood. The article begins with the subway’s Cold War inception as a military enterprise, spotlighting its deliberate concealment to safeguard the echelons of power and obscure both international and domestic tensions. The second section delves into the subway’s rebirth in the wake of China’s opening-up reform and rapid economic rise, as it transforms into a mobile gallery of political aesthetics that extols China’s cultural heritage and triumphs, cultivating national pride under siege from unleashed market and social forces. The final section dissects the subway’s orchestration of undesirable passengers, sculpting a socioeconomic hierarchy in the city’s commuting system. As a multifaceted prism, the Beijing subway encapsulates a range of covert and overt, pragmatic and aesthetic, and inclusive and exclusive elements in the cultural politics of Chinese infrastructure at large; and it illustrates the sustained centrality of state power in shaping individual subjectivities and defining the cultural and representational significance of Chinese infrastructure, albeit amid growing contestation.

Planning the Glorious Revolution in 1687 in the Diary of Constantijn Huygens Jr

ABSTRACT This article presents an analysis of a recently discovered stray page from the diary of Constantijn Huygens Jr (1628–1697), private secretary of stadhouder William III, Prince of Orange, with information about a secret visit by a number of English noblemen to William III in his hunting lodge Het Oude Loo near Apeldoorn. While the newly found folio only contains 260 words, it sheds new light on the preparations for a military enterprise that would be a turning point in English, Dutch and European history and came to be called the Glorious Revolution of 1688/89.

Managing Sex, Safeguarding the Soldier: Gender, Race, and Regulationism in Nineteenth Century Colonial Punjab

Managing sex was an important part of Britain’s imperial project in the colonies. Using a wide range of archival materials and examining the political debates and medical discourse from the nineteenth century, this study delves into the colonial military enterprise of regulating sexual recreation for British troops, and the processes through which the sexualised native woman was configured in colonial Punjab. I argue that paradoxical attempts to make sex available, while simultaneously emphasising imperial social mores of sexual respectability, led to the casting of the ‘prostitute’ as a colonial bogeyman; a vulgar but necessary evil, and a vector of disease.

Enhancing Mission Wellness: Iterative Optimization and Stakeholder Engagement to Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health in the United States Military.

Sexual and reproductive health is critical for the readiness of the warfighter, as costs of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy result in added health care costs, lost mission time, and impact on morale. The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) is an engineering-inspired framework used to optimize biobehavioral interventions. The Military Active-Duty Reproductive and Sexual Health (MARSH) research team applied the MOST framework to develop "Mission Wellness"-an electronic health intervention to promote sexual and reproductive health within the U.S. Military. From 2017 to 2022, the MARSH team implemented the first and second phases of MOST to develop and optimize "Mission Wellness." All phases received institutional review board approval. The first phase consisted of expert and literature review, qualitative interviews, and beta testing to identify intervention components and the optimization objective and to inform study design. The second phase consisted of a factorial trial. Figures1-4 outline the research program approach, demographics of the sample, and format of the app. Service members who used the application found it to be acceptable and, overall, reported that it would be easier to talk to a sexual partner about risk behaviors and history at the post-intervention assessment compared to baseline. This iterative optimization approach using both local and strategic engagement enhanced program development and set the stage for dissemination and implementation efforts. In line with the iterative nature of MOST, the lessons learned during the optimization trial led the MARSH team to return "Mission Wellness" to the preparation phase. The utilization of mixed (i.e., qualitative and quantitative) research methods and engagement with stakeholders at multiple levels of the military enterprise provided the information necessary to further optimize "Mission Wellness." This programmatic approach also provides a blueprint for the development of research design and testing in military health care balancing rigor and agility.

The Egyptian Campaign and the Middle East

The author of the essay* tells about the main milestones of more than two hundred years old historiography of the Egyptian campaign of 1798–1801, undertaken by the French land forces and navy under the general command of Napoleon Bonaparte, identifies the prerequisites that made such an audacious military enterprise possible, highlights the vicissitudes of the Egyptian and Syrian campaigns of Bonaparte’s Oriental Army, analyzes the motives of the decisive rejection by the local population of the values of the French Revolution, planted by the occupation administration, and establishes the reasons for the final catastrophic outcome of this expedition. The history of the Egyptian campaign is considered by the author in the general context of the evolution of international relations caused by the French Revolution and by the active expansion of revolutionary France. In his opinion, Bonaparte’s Egyptian campaign, which had as its main goal to undermine Britain’s position in the Middle East and Asia, led to exactly the opposite result than the one its initiators had hoped for: the British managed not only to stay in this region, but to gain dominant influence there, whereas France, having spent on this adventure large human and material resources, turned out to be almost completely displaced from there for some time.

The impact of financing efficiency in defense industry base on non‐technological innovation: Evidence from China

AbstractThe innovation of defense industry base requires not only technological progress but also scientific organization and management and reasonable business model. Based on the data of A‐share listed companies related to defense industry base in China from 2013 to 2021, this paper employs panel‐probit model with instrumental variable to empirically test the relationship and influence mechanism of financing efficiency on non‐technological innovation. It is found that the financing efficiency of the defense industry base has a significantly positive effect on organizational innovation and market innovation, which is more prominent in state‐owned enterprises and military enterprises. The influence mechanism is mainly to improve information symmetry and reduce agency costs. Internally, the defense industry base should strengthen the management of financing and innovation activities; from the external point of view, the government needs to improve the construction of capital market, and financial institutions need to play the role of professional institutional investors and external supervisors, which is conducive to improving the non‐technical innovation ability of defense industry base.

Game-theoretical study of military–civilian collaborative innovation in the context of four-party participation

PurposeIn the context of constructing an integrated national strategic system, collaborative innovation among enterprises is the current social focus. Therefore, in order to find the interest relationship between multiple game subjects, to explore the influencing factors of collaborative innovation of civil-military integration enterprises. This paper constructs a collaborative innovation mechanism for military–civilian integration involving four game subjects (military enterprises, private enterprises, local governments, and science and technology intermediaries). It aims to solve and reveal the evolutionary game relationship among the four parties.Design/methodology/approachTo explore the mechanism of military–civilian collaborative innovation involving four players, this study employs game theory and constructs an evolutionary game model for collaborative innovation with the participation of military enterprises, civilian enterprises, local governments, and technology intermediaries. The model reveals the evolutionary game patterns among these four entities, analyzes the impact of various parameters on the evolutionary process of the game system, and numerical simulation is used to show these changes more specifically.FindingsThe research findings demonstrate that active government subsidies promote cooperation throughout the system. Moreover, increasing the input-output ratio of research and development (R&D), the rate of technological spillovers, and the R&D investment of civilian enterprises all facilitate the tendency toward cooperation within the system. However, when the government chooses to actively provide subsidies, increasing R&D investment in military enterprises may hinder the tendency toward cooperation. Furthermore, central transfer payments, government punishment from the central government, and an increase in the information conversion rate of technology intermediaries may suppress the rate of cooperation within the system.Originality/valueMost of the previous studies on the collaborative innovation of military–civilian integration have been tripartite game models between military enterprises, private enterprises, and local governments. In contrast, this study adds science and technology intermediaries on this basis, reveals the evolution mechanism of collaborative innovation of civil-military integration enterprises from the perspective of four-party participation, and analyzes the factors influencing the cooperation of the whole system. The conclusion of this study not only enriches the collaborative innovation evolution mechanism of military–civilian integration enterprises from the perspective of multiple agents but also provides practical guidance for the innovation-driven development of military–civilian integration enterprises.

Evolutionary Game of Vertical Cooperation and Innovation between Civilian and Military Enterprises: A Civilian-Military Integration Supply Chain System with Chinese Characteristics

The establishment of a civil-military integration supply chain system is the cornerstone of China’s strategic development in military-civilian integration. It is essential to explore cooperative innovation and development between upstream civilian enterprises and downstream military enterprises within the supply chain to optimise resource allocation and promote the sustainable use of civil-military resources. This exploration is a prerequisite for accelerating the formation of the civil-military integration supply chain system and holds significant importance for realising the internal synergy between the civilian industry and the military industry. However, utilizing the evolutionary game model as a foundation, this study delves into the impact of absorption capacity, transformation and integration capability, network synergy, and change and innovation capacity on the vertical cooperation and innovation behaviour within the supply chain of civil-military integration enterprises. Firstly, civilian enterprises are more cost-sensitive concerning collaborative innovation investments compared to military enterprises. Excessive costs can discourage collaboration between civilian and military entities. Secondly, strong exploratory and absorptive capabilities, along with network synergies, can enhance the benefits of cooperation and innovation among these enterprises, but they also introduce the risk of opportunistic “free-rider” behaviour. Thirdly, the dynamics of the technology and product chains are influenced by an excess supply for civilian enterprises, while the opposite is true for military enterprises. Finally, a strong capacity for transformation and integration fosters cooperative and innovative behaviours among enterprises, with civilian enterprises exhibiting greater responsiveness. This study brings new research perspectives to the forefront, exploring vertical cooperation and innovative development within supply chain enterprises, particularly through the lens of supply and demand dynamics. Additionally, it offers practical recommendations aimed at helping the government expedite the establishment of integrated military-civilian supply chains and foster the synergistic development of the two key sectors: the military and civilian economies.

Ho Chi Minh’s thought, the Communist Party of Vietnam’sview on the military participating in production, economic construction

The military’s participation in economic development is a significant resource for the country, bringing about great economic and social benefits as well as national defence and security. This is the result of the consistent and coherent viewpoint of President Ho Chi Minh and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the military’s participation in production and economic construction. Participating in production and economic construction is one of the three functions and tasks of the military. Besides the mission of fighting and being ready to fight to protect the country, maintain national defence and security, the military is increasingly asserting its role and position in the economic field. The military’s participation in economic construction not only contributes to socio-economic development, but also enhances the military’s fighting capability and strengthens national defence. In the current industrialization and modernization of the country, the military's participation in economic construction combined with national defense has become more diverse and richer. In addition to building military enterprises, the military also participates in building economic-defense zones, economic-defense delegations, socio-political establishments... in remote, border and maritime areas, islands.

Captain Botsis’ Odyssey: On the Biography of the Russian Naval Commander

Referring to archival data of the RGADA (Relations with Venice Fund), this article provides new information about the little-known period of life (1700–1703) of Ivan Botsis related to his transition to the Russian service and directly preceding it. Until now, there is no full-fledged biography of the outstanding associate of Peter the Great, and this study supplements the information about his life full of dangers. Botsis played a significant role in Russia’s success in the Baltic Sea during the Northern War, so filling the gap in his biography is of particular interest. Based on the information introduced into scholarly circulation, the author draws information about his activities immediately after the Morean War (1684–1699). Although he is primarily known as a Russian naval commander, based on the data studied, one may conclude that in his homeland, he proved himself to be a loyal subject of his new homeland, the Venetian Republic, in military affairs. And after the end of the conflict and the conquest of the Peloponnese by Venice, showered with honors, he tried to succeed in a peaceful profession, trading business, and not so much as a merchant but as a coordinator of the commercial activity of his compatriots for private and public benefit. At the peak of his career, the enterprising and even adventurous nature of the Greek captain led him to a conflict with the Venetian and Ottoman authorities, and the hope for the Russian tsar as the deliverer of the Greeks from Turkish rule and sympathy for his military enterprises during the Northern War made him abandon a privileged position in his homeland and embark on a perilous journey to Russia to serve Peter I. The details of his risky escape, described in a petition addressed to the tsar, resemble an excerpt from an adventure novel. The appendix of the article contains previously unpublished documents, i. e. a petition of Captain Botsis and an excerpt of a decree of Tsar Peter on the allocation of his salary.

Modeling fog and friction in military enterprise

Modeling fog and friction in military enterprise

Research on the Cultivation Mode of Quality Culture for Military Enterprises

This paper aims to develop a method to cultivate quality culture for military enterprises. Firstly, the meanings of quality culture and military quality culture are summarized through literature review. Secondly, the present practices and problems of cultivating quality culture in military enterprises are analyzed. Thirdly, by studying the transformation mechanism of quality culture at four levels: spiritual level, institutional level, behavioral level and material level, the view that the cultivation of quality culture needs to pay attention to spiritual concept and adaptive system and practical activities is put forward. Finally, the process method of total quality management is applied to design the cultivation mode of quality culture for military enterprises from the aspects of goal setting, leadership promotion, resource allocation, process activities, monitoring and evaluation.

ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ШВЕЙЦАРСКОГО МИЛИТАРИЗМА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ВОЕННОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА XIV-XVI ВВ.

The article discusses the possibilities and factors of influence of natural space on the formation of a special attitude of the population to the phenomenon of war. As an example, Switzerland is considered in the period of its formation within its modern borders in the XIV-XVI centuries. Separately, the authors note the understanding of the phenomenon of militarism as a sociocultural construct by the authors, including based on the originality of this approach in modern Russian historiography. Geographic determinism is used as the main research method. On its basis, using the data given in synchronous written sources, the influence of mountainous rugged terrain on the population's perception of the phenomenon of war and the formation of militarism in the socio-cultural space of society is considered. There is a difference in attitudes towards military affairs in the mountainous cantons of Switzerland and the plains. The researchers point out that this fact is most clearly seen in the Kappel religious wars, where the mountain cantons, in addition to protecting religious beliefs, defended their right to military enterprise, while reformers from the flat part of the country considered mercenarism as a threat to the unity of the country. In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the direct influence of the natural-geographical factor on the perception of the surrounding space and, as a result, the special attitude of the population in military affairs i.e., formation of the socio-cultural phenomenon of militarism.

Experience of innovation management in the process of creation and implementation of inventions

The purpose of this article is to highlight the Soviet experience of the author as head of a creative team involved in transforming research results into formalized inventions. As a result of cooperation between the industrial research institute and the military enterprise, these inventions were introduced into prototypes of new equipment. The research methodology used in this article includes analysis of patent activity, questionnaire surveys, the nonparametric sociometry method, and a methodology for assessing the satisfaction of inventive activity.The article discusses the challenge of increasing the patent activity of domestic inventors of new technology and how this can be achieved using economic and psychological factors of creative participation such as sociometric coherence, emotional-volitional unity, and intellectual and creative potential. It is important to note that the effectiveness of research in scientific and inventive activities can be assessed using financial, personnel, innovation, and scientometric indicators. Additionally, promising directions of inventive activity in the ergonomic support of the creation of new systems of products and technologies are outlined.

Characterization of unmanned aircraft system acoustic noise

UAS (unmanned aircraft systems) are used in a variety of commercial and military enterprises. In military settings, being able to identify location as well as number of enemy UAS can lead to stronger strategic positioning or appropriate countermeasures. In community settings, UAS can be a source of annoyance. Recently, AFRL measured three different UAS flown by pilots from Sinclair Community College. These UAS included various sizes and blade amounts. They were flown back and forth through an array of 20 acoustic sensors at nominal thrust. In addition to flying through the array, they were also flown at heights of 15 feet and 100 ft above the array. Using both telemetry and acoustic data, spherical source characterizations of the systems can be derived. These three-dimensional characterizations can lead to a better understanding of UAS acoustics as well as improved measurement design. This study describes the recent measurement in detail, some preliminary analysis, and the lessons learned. Future analysis and testing will promote acoustic identification of a larger variety of UAS.UAS (unmanned aircraft systems) are used in a variety of commercial and military enterprises. In military settings, being able to identify location as well as number of enemy UAS can lead to stronger strategic positioning or appropriate countermeasures. In community settings, UAS

Information Technology Project Benefit Realization in Military Enterprises of Sri Lanka Using Integrated Fuzzy Dempster - Shafer Algorithm

There are Information Technology (IT) projects in military organizations of Sri Lanka. However, these projects lack a scientific mechanism to measure and realize project benefits while quantifying qualitative project outcomes. This paper outlines a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) for measuring the extent to which benefits could be realized. The objectives of the study are firstly, to formulate a fuzzy logic to measure the extent to which the project benefits are realized and secondly, to analyze its impact on benefit policy. The study mainly utilized the quantitative methodology of Dempster-Shafer algorithm to aggregate the selected experts’ opinions by filtering similarity of experts. Ninety-five IT project managers representing the Army, Navy and Air Force were selected based on their expertise. The study employed field-based tacit experts to find inputs for each level namely, project, program, portfolio, enterprise and hybrid. The findings of the study posited nine fuzzy rules and five benefit realization levels for organizational projects. Also, the approach pronounced an organizational project policy. The study recommended a strategic benefit approach with policy implications that can be used by managers to monitor the expected project outcomes both on short term and futuristically. The application of the study cannot be generalized to all projects of the technology-domains thereby posing a limitation. Also the study is curtailed in its application to non-IT projects which singularly yield financial benefits. The study can be employed by policy makers to streamline benefit process emphasizing government IT infrastructure projects and private sector IT projects with a futuristic value. Keywords: Benefit Realization, Benefit Measurement, Fuzzy Inference Systems, Dempster-Shafer Algorithm, Benefit Policy

Dual Use Deception: How Technology Shapes Cooperation in International Relations

AbstractAlmost all technology is dual use to some degree: it has both civilian and military applications. This feature creates a dilemma for cooperation. States can design arms control institutions to curtail costly competition over some military technology. But they also do not want to limit valuable civilian uses. How does the dual use nature of technology shape the prospects for cooperation? We argue that the duality of technology presents a challenge not by its very existence but rather through the ways it alters information constraints on the design of arms control institutions. We characterize variation in technology along two dual use dimensions: (1) the ease of distinguishing military from civilian uses; and (2) the degree of integration within military enterprises and the civilian economy. Distinguishability drives the level of monitoring needed to detect violations. When a weapon is indistinguishable from its civilian counterpart, states must improve detection though intelligence collection or intrusive inspections. Integration sharpens the costs of disclosing information to another state. For highly integrated technology, demonstrating compliance could expose information about other capabilities, increasing the security risks from espionage. Together, these dimensions generate expectations about the specific information problems states face as they try to devise agreements over various technologies. We introduce a new qualitative data set to assess both variables and their impact on cooperation across all modern armament technologies. The findings lend strong support for the theory. Efforts to control emerging technologies should consider how variation in the dual use attributes shapes this tension between detection and disclosure.

Armies of Arabia: Military Politics and Effectiveness in the Gulf

Armies of Arabia: Military Politics and Effectiveness in the Gulf