Zone Of Military Conflict Research Articles

Psychological Resources of Resilience in a Crisis Situation: Transformations of the Value-semantic Sphere of Students Living in a Zone of Local Military Conflict

This article substantiates the impact of the crisis situation on the actualization and development of personal resources and coping with a difficult life situation. Using the example of students living in a local military conflict zone, it is shown that value-semantic resources (psychological resources of stability) in a crisis situation can transform and manifest themselves at the level of reducing the level of meaningfulness of life, value basis and existential fulfillment of life, reducing the degree of emotional response to current events. A crisis situation for a person, on the one hand, can become a source of disintegration in the perception of events of the past, present and future; loss of meaningfulness of life and devaluation of past experience; on the other hand, it can result in subjective well–being if a person works with a psychoemotional state (that includes working with fear and anxiety; perception of a difficult life situation as a challenge and finding new ones personal meanings); works with goals (building an image of the future in the short term), and if a person is rethinking and updating new personal meanings. According to the results of our research, goal-setting and building an image of the future are interrelated with the ability of the subject to be more open to emotional experiences, to show willingness to work with negative emotions (the “Self-Transcendence” scale); to actualize his personal potential (the “Personality” scale). The following empirical methods were used: Test of life-meaning orientations. SJO (J. Crumbo, L. Maholik in adaptation by D. A. Leontyev); Test of research into the real structure of a person’s value orientations (S.S. Bubnova); Methodology for diagnosing the subjective well-being of an individual (Shamionov R.M., Beskova T.V.); «The scale of existence» (Existenzskala) by A. Langle and K. Orgler (adapted by I. N. Mainina and A. Yu. Vasanov).

Risks of managing financial resources of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the zone of military conflict: Challenges, threats, ways of counteraction

This study was aimed at identifying the risks that affect financial management in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine during military operations in order to develop effective countermeasures. The research methodology included an analysis of the main risks, such as exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, disruption of supply chains and political instability, as well as an assessment of strategies to minimise these risks. The main stages of risk management are identified as identification, assessment, and monitoring of risks, as well as development of appropriate strategies, such as investment diversification, insurance, and hedging. The study results showed that the key factors for ensuring stability are the introduction of technological innovations, government support, creation of reserve funds and diversification of funding sources. In particular, the development of modern agricultural technologies, subsidies, soft loans and investments in infrastructure significantly increase the resilience of the agricultural sector to crisis conditions. It is also important to plan cash flows to maintain liquidity and meet financial obligations in a timely manner. The experience of several countries, such as Israel and Georgia, which have faced similar challenges, was reviewed and analysed to see how they managed the financial resources of their agricultural sectors. The experience of these countries has shown that successful management of the financial resources of the agricultural sector in the context of military conflict requires a comprehensive approach that includes technological innovation, government support, financial planning and human capital development to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector in times of war. This approach allows not only preserving but also developing the agricultural sector, ensuring food security and economic stability of Ukraine

Modeling waves of a strike drones swarm for a massive attack on enemy targets

This article solves the relevant task of studying military operations on a massive wave attack by a swarm of strike drones against enemy targets in a combat zone (CZ) of a military conflict. This research solves operational and tactical tasks for planning active actions on the battlefield by applying a massive strike on enemy targets by a swarm of combat drones (kamikaze drones). Therefore, the topic of the proposed publication is relevant; it analyzes and explores the sequence of logistical military actions to plan a massive attack using waves of strike drones. The purpose of this study is to create a set of models for applied information technology that will allow planning logistical actions for the effective use of a strike drone swarm to conduct a massive wave attack on enemy targets. This article analyzes problems associated with the formation of a swarm of drones, splitting the swarm into groups, and forming waves for active combat operations on the battlefield. Enemy targets will be attacked by strike drones in the waves formation, which makes it possible to carry out further successful operational and tactical actions. This study assesses the combat capability of a swarm of drones required to defeat enemy targets in a military conflict zone. It creates a systematic representation of the sequence of actions taken to plan a massive drone swarm attack, considering the combat capability and number of drones. With the help of military experts, the composition of the actual CZs is formed, in which the targets must be hit in the first place. The swarm of drones is rationally divided into groups that are directed to a set of targets in the CZs, considering the combat capability of drones to defeat targets. Waves of strike drones are planned to maximize damage to enemy targets. This research analyzes possible directions of drone movement toward enemy targets despite military threats. The models form flight routes of drones swarming to enemy targets under the conditions of possible anti-drone actions. An agent model was created using the Any Logic platform to simulate drone flight and form the routes of the drone swarm groups. This article presents an illustrated example of planning logistical actions to use waves of strike drone swarms for a massive attack on enemy targets. The scientific novelty of this study is related to solving the relevant problem of preparing and planning logistical actions for a massive attack on enemy targets using waves of strike drones by creating a set of optimization and simulation models that contribute to the effectiveness of further military attack operations on the battlefield. The results of the study could be used by military leaders to plan the use of a drone swarm to launch a massive attack on enemy targets in a military conflict zone.

Condition of the autonomic nervous system during the 'sit-stand-sit' orthostatic test in university students in areas of military conflict in Ukraine

Background and Study Aim. Extended residence in a zone of military conflict presents health risks for students. Hence, this research focuses on evaluating the condition of the autonomic nervous system among university students residing in Ukraine's conflict-affected areas. Materials and Methods. The study involved 57 students (30 men and 27 women) from universities across Ukraine. Before the experiment, these students had experienced a prolonged period of inactivity, attributed to the global COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 and the ongoing war in Ukraine since February 24, 2022. Their total time in this difficult environment was 3 years and 6 months. The 'Orthostatic test "seated-to-standing-to-seated" (by Nikolay Teslenko)' was applied in this study. To participate in the study, students were instructed to complete the test and record their findings in a designated Google form. The cardiovascular response (heart rate) was evaluated during the 'sit-stand-sit' sequence for 3 minutes. The experiment's data were statistically analyzed using the PyCharm CE platform and a range of Python coding libraries. Results. The research on the cardiovascular response to physical activity among male and female students revealed that first-category participants exhibit superior adaptation and consistent heart rate, both while stationary and when moving. The second category experienced more pronounced heart rate variations, signifying an average adaptation level. The third category had the most heart rate variability, potentially indicating inadequate stress adaptation and possible cardiovascular health risks. Conclusions. Analysis of the data reveals that physical preparedness markedly affects heart and blood vessel system reactions in both genders. The discerned disparities in heart rate reactions among the groups emphasize the necessity for customized physical training strategies, especially for those less adapted to physical demands.

Simulation of arms distribution strategies by combat zones to create military parity of forces

The problem of researching weapons distribution strategies to ensure effective combat operations in a military conflict zone is being formed and solved. The relevance of the study is related to the solution of the task of an operational-tactical nature in order to establish the military parity of forces in the conditions of the introduction of various equipment into the combat zone (CZ), which has different characteristics of combat capability from the set of warehouses and suppliers, with long supply chains. The problems that arise when establishing military parity of forces with the help of various weapons with different indicators of combat capability, the limited capabilities of suppliers, and the complications of supply logistics are analyzed. It is shown that asymmetric solutions, according to military equipment, are possible because of the use of technological innovations and high indicators of the combat effectiveness of weapons. It was concluded that the establishment of military parity of forces is possible thanks to the use of rational strategies for the distribution of weapons, which is an urgent problem in the conditions of modern hybrid warfare. Thus, this paper proposes a study of possible strategies for the distribution of weapons by CZ in conditions of threats of martial law of the country. The current study creates models that allow for the evaluation of possible arms distribution strategies, considering the diversity of military equipment, limited capabilities of suppliers, and risks associated with long logistics supply chains. Using set-theoretical analysis, methods of combinatorics, and enumeration theory, a systematic presentation of the distribution process of weapons is created. Possible strategies for the distribution of weapons by CZ to establish military parity of forces are formed and analyzed. Optimization models have been created for the rational distribution of military equipment under conditions of limited capabilities of manufacturers in terms of costs, production terms, and risks of arms supply. A simulation model is being developed to study the dynamics of the logistical process of distribution and supply of weapons in agent representation using the AnyLogic platform. Modeling allows you to analyze the impact of threats to the main indicators of the distribution and supply of weapons. An illustrative example of the distribution of weapons by CZ of a military conflict is presented. The scientific novelty of this research is related to the solution of the actual problem of the rational distribution of various military equipment by CZ in the conditions of modern hybrid warfare. The results of this study should be used for operational-tactical planning of the logistical process of distribution and supply of weapons to solve the problem of establishing military parity of forces in the CZ.

VALUE ORIENTATIONS AND EMOTIONAL STATE OF TEENAGERS FROM THE DONETSK AND LUHANSK PEOPLE’S REPUBLICS

The article presents the results of a study on the emotional and value characteristics of adolescents who have lived for a long time in the zone of military conflict in the Lugansk and Donetsk republics and came to rest in Saint Petersburg. This was organised with the purpose of psychological and pedagogical rehabilitation of adolescents through the formation of a safe and positive culturally rich educational environment (the method of substitute impressions). The psychodiagnostic study was conducted before and after the children’s rest. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to obtain data on the psycho-emotional state and the level of development of value orientations of adolescents who have been in a military conflict zone for a long time in order to develop adequate programmes for their psychological rehabilitation. The purpose of the research is to study the emotional state and value orientations of adolescents who have lived in a military conflict zone for a long time...

Search for ways of optimizing the educational process of physical education in a technical university in the conditions of wartime

The need to adapt the physical education course for distance learning on the Moodle platform arose with the introduction of martial law. Statement of the problem, the significance of scientific and practical problems. Students and teachers found themselves in difficult conditions. It is necessary to organize the educational process among students with maximum accessibility to learning and practicality in wartime. Target. Find a way to optimize the process of physical education in a technical university in wartime. The optimization of this process was carried out using the methods of analysis of literary sources, questionnaires and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The study was conducted among students with the aim of studying changes in health status, lifestyle, identifying symptoms of stress with the outbreak of hostilities. The stress caused by military operations, together with the increase in time spent at the computer and low physical activity, led to a deterioration in health in 39% of the students surveyed. The most relevant topics in modern conditions have been identified and the training course has been supplemented by them: "Providing first aid for various types of injuries and wounds", "Rules for survival in a military conflict zone", "Helping the psyche in a new reality". Developed and offered to students methodological recommendations for stress relief and exit from a stressful state. In search of new ways to attract students to physical activity, they were invited to participate in mass sports and patriotic events of various levels. Conclusions. Changes in the course program, the introduction of new themes and forms into the educational process have shown their effectiveness and received a positive assessment from the students.

Моделювання комплексного формування запасів військової техніки в зоні воєнного конфлікту з використанням компонентного методу

The task of researching the multi-component composition of military equipment (tanks, artillery, aviation equipment, etc.) for supplying and forming the necessary stockpiles of weapons and their components in the military conflict zone to establish military parity of forces, is developed and solved. The research relevance is related to a comprehensive solution to the problem of forming the necessary stockpiles of weapons and their components in the combat zone, under the conditions of military threats. The purpose of this study is to use the component method to represent weapons and their components in the process of complex supply of military equipment to the combat zone for creating military parity of forces. The problems of the supply of weapons and their components in martial law conditions, which are associated with the complex multi-component structure of military equipment, the limited capabilities of manufacturers and suppliers of weapons, and the logistical risks of supply in conditions of military threats, are analyzed. A multi-layered component structure of military equipment is proposed for the systematic presentation of weapons and their components in the process of supply and formation of reserves in the combat zone. The logistics of the weapons and their component supply from army warehouses and military equipment from manufacturers’ warehouses are analyzed. The limited capabilities of manufacturers and suppliers of military equipment lead to the complication of the formation of necessary military equipment stockpiles in the military conflict zone, which can affect the nature of hostilities (transition from offensive to defensive actions). The lack of military equipment leads to the need to form defense orders for the creation and production of new types of weapons, including those with increased combat capability characteristics (range, accuracy, damage zone, etc.). Therefore, for the creation of new weapons or the modernization of existing models, it is proposed to use the multi-component architecture of a modern model of military equipment, considering the possible types of components (reusable, adaptive, new). An algorithm for the formation of a multi-component and multi-layered architecture of modern weapons using a precedent approach is proposed. For this, a precedent database is created, which is used to search for existing reusable components. Both quantitative and qualitative assessments of proximity are used in the process of searching in the database of precedents to assess the proximity of components. The model was created to optimize the logistic costs of supplying weapons and their components to the combat zone. The quantities of weapons and their components, the time of supply, and the risks of supply in conditions of military threats are used as supply indicators. The requirements for the supply of military equipment in the conditions of the risks of martial law are formed. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the component method use, which is used to form the logistics of the supply of weapons and their components to the military conflict zone, considering the limited capabilities of manufacturers and suppliers of military equipment in conditions of threats of martial law. The results of the study should be used to model the plans and logistics of supplying weapons and their components to the combat zone to create military parity of forces.

The effect of military conflict zone in the Middle East on atmospheric persistent organic pollutant contamination in its north

This study aimed to investigate long-range atmospheric transport of selected POPs released due to the effects of military conflicts in regions to the south of Turkey's borders. Ten locations were selected to deploy passive air samplers at varying distances to the border on a southeast-west transect of the country, proximity-grouped as close, middle, and far. Sampling campaign included winter and transition months when desert dust transport events occur. Hypothesis of the study was that a decreasing trend would be observed with increasing distance to the border. Group comparisons based on statistical testing showed that PBDE-183, Σ45PCB, and dieldrin in winter; PBDE-28, PBDE-99, PBDE-154, p,p′-DDE, Σ14PBDE, and Σ25OCP in the transition period; and PBDE-28, PBDE-85, PBDE-99, PBDE-154, PBDE-190, PCB-52, Σ45PCB, p,p′-DDE, and Σ25OCP over the whole campaign had a decreasing trend on the transect. An analysis of concentration ratio to the background showed that long-range atmospheric transport impacted the study sites, especially those of close group in comparison to the local sources. Back-trajectory analyses indicated that there was transport from the conflict areas to sites in the close-proximity group, while farther sampling locations mostly received air masses from Europe, Russia, and former Soviet Union countries, followed by North Africa, rather than the military conflict areas. In consequence, decrease in concentrations with distance and its relation to molecular weight through proportions, diagnostic ratios, analysis of concentration ratio to the background, and back-trajectory analyses support the effect of transport from the military-conflict area to its north.

Внешнеполитические интересы и роль России в мире глазами студенческой молодежи

The study is considered in the context of existing knowledge in political sociology. Its relevance lies in the fact that our country is once again experiencing a turning point in its more than thousand-year history. Today Russia is looking for its own vector of foreign policy development, moving away from the influence of the West, but without seeking full integration with the civilizations of the East. A special military operation should be confidently seen as a catalyst for the formation of a new world order, changing the weight of countries in the international balance of power. The result will correlate with the events in the military conflict zone, changes in the structure of the world economy and measures for political resolution of the military confrontation. Our state has always remained original, but it is too early to talk about the completion of the formation of a political course. The aim of the study is to examine the issue of the political interest of modern Russian students as the most progressive and receptive part of the population and their respective sentiments on the key issues of the country's political life in relation to the state's foreign policy. As methods, the article presents: the results of a sociological survey, focus group research and in-depth interviews conducted among the student youth of the Penza region in 2023, as well as materials from other sociological studies. The article presents the results of a sociological survey, focus group research and in-depth interviews conducted among students of the Penza region in 2023, as well as materials from other sociological studies. The article reveals the preconditions, orientations and attitudes of Russian youth in the field of foreign policy, the level of trust in the authorities, the readiness of students to participate in the political life of the country, the impact of political changes on the lives of young people. Among the main results of the study, the authors pay special attention to domestic political interests and the assessment of the state's activities in the context of ongoing political events. As a conclusion, it should be noted that the materials of the presented study indicate a high level of sup-port among the young generation for the foreign policy course chosen by the country in relation to the Western coalition, a special military operation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the political orientations of modern student youth in order to identify their attitudes towards the role of Russia in the world.

Рrevention and rehabilitation of health problems of schoolchildren from the zone of military conflict in Ukraine

The purpose of the research is to justify the necessity for rehabilitative medical and psychological support of schoolchildren from the zone of military conflict with psychosomatic disorders, psychological divergences in conditions of post-traumatic stress of different levels. There were surveyed 286 children of school age who suffered as a result of military conflict in the East of Ukraine. Anxiety, the level of stress, psychological, emotional internal health, the intensity of stress-realizing systems (cortisol, adrenaline, norepinephrine, diene conjugates, thiobarbituric acid-active products) and stress-limits of systems (serotonin, methlorinate, recovered glutathione, glutathionoperoxidase, superoxide-midase) were assessed. It is established that in the majority (59.52%) of schoolchildren from the Joint Forces Operation (JFO) zone in both boys and girls an increased level of emotional tension was recorded. It was found that the past stress provokes the activation of stress-regulating systems, the severity of which depends on the intensity of stress. Cortisol, diene conjugates, thiobarbituric acid-active products, reduced glutathione, melatonin play a special role in these processes. Children-migrants have a higher level of certain indices of the stress-realizing system (adrenaline) compared to schoolchildren from the military zone, which confirms the influence of a place of living as an additional stress factor on the child's body. It was found that most of the surveyed children have numerous somatic and psychosomatic complaints, and clinical symptoms are characterized by polymorphism. Among organic and functional disorders, diseases of the digestive, endocrine system, neurotic and non-psychotic disorders of residual-organic genesis dominate. The problem of deteriorating health status of schoolchildren from the zone of military conflict was revealed, a possibility of systematic impact on preservation and strengthening the health of this contingent was justified. The revealed disorders of the psychosomatic health of children from the zone of military conflict require a multidisciplinary approach (consulting and follow-up of specialist-doctors of various profiles) to prevent their progression.

The influence of stress on children’s speech in the context of war

War is an unbearable and unforeseen burden on the human psyche. Threat to existence, fear for life, loss of loved ones lead to an increase of non-psychotic borderline disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Children represent the most unprotected and vulnerable part of the population. Being in the zone of military conflict, they acquire a tragic experience that deforms their consciousness, their values and outlook. Children experience mood swings, depression, unmotivated aggression, obsessive states, overwhelming fear and anticipation of retelling the experienced events. The article is devoted to the analysis of speech characteristics of children who witnessed the Russo-Ukrainian war, which began on February 24, 2022. The study focuses on the description of the verbalization of the psychological state of a child who witnessed bombings and shelling, children from the occupied territories who had to leave their homes, and children who, not being direct witnesses of military operations, have been forced to live in temporary refugee camps for six months unable to return to their houses. The authors analyze ways of verbalizing fear, anxiety, obsessive states, types of verbal aggression. The article deals also with the influence of parents on overcoming or, vice versa, increasing children's stress.

Моделювання критичних вразливостей у логістиці постачання озброєння та військової техніки в умовах воєнних загроз

The systemic nature problem related to the simulation of the influence of military threats on the logistics chain of the supply of weapons and military equipment (spare parts for aircrafts, ammunition for rocket systems of volley fire, etc.) is being solved. Military threats can lead to logistical damage (destruction: airfields, bridges, railways, and highways, etc.), which is investigated in this paper. The relevance of the research is related to the systemic nature of the solution to the logistical problem. The occurrence of losses leads to the taking of preventive measures to reduce the level of critical vulnerabilities (for example, runways, ground equipment of airfields, etc.) of the logistical supply chain (for example, aviation) of weapons and military equipment under conditions of martial law. The study aims to create a set of models that will allow making a systematic analysis of the sequence of events associated with the emergence of a military threat in the logistics of the supply of weapons and military equipment: the appearance of a military threat – the emergence of critical vulnerabilities in the logistics chain – the appearance of logistical losses – the formation of preventive actions. The analysis of publications and studies on the logistics of military supplies with the identification of unresolved problems has been carried out. A model to analyze the criticality of vulnerabilities of the logistics supply chain, using the assessments of military experts and the planning of virtual experiments has been created. A model to analyze the causal chain: military threat – critical vulnerability – losses using qualitative assessments of experts in the form of linguistic variable values has been developed. The lexicographic arrangement of possible alternative ways to supply weapons and military equipment to the zone of military conflict is used. This made it possible to select a rational supply option to reduce possible logistical losses. The optimization model to reduce the level of criticality of vulnerabilities in the logistics supply chain to ensure the minimization of losses has been created. In this case, the time, risks and costs of carrying out the preventive actions under conditions of martial law are considered. An agent model to study the dynamic processes of moving forward the military cargo in the logistics supply chain, which helps simulate the occurrence of a military threat, the activation of critical vulnerabilities, and the appearance of possible logistical losses has been developed. The efficiency of the proposed approach is ensured by a systematic representation of the sequence of events on the emergence of a military threat, the activation of critical vulnerabilities, the appearance of logistical losses, which ensures the adoption of rational preventive actions to prevent the consequences of military threats. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the development of original models, which are based on the systematic presentation of the logistics chain of the supply of weapons and military equipment to the zone of military conflict under conditions of military threat to ensure that efficient preventive actions are done to minimize logistical losses. The results of the study should be used to plan the preventive measures to minimize possible losses and ensure military supplies under conditions of the risk of military threats.

FEATURES OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS WHOSE MOTHERS LIVED IN THE TERRITORIES OF MILITARY OPERATIONS IN THE PERIOD BEFORE PREGNANCY

Relevance. Military conflicts around the world have continued to grow steadily in recent decades. The fighting taking place in populated areas, near residential buildings, cannot but affect the civilian population. Being on the territory of an ongoing military operation is associated with a threat to life, which is a powerful stressor and, under certain conditions, can cause violations of the regulation of the functional systems of the body, which subsequently lead to the formation of nosology.
 Goal. To determine the features of psychophysiological status of adolescents whose mothers lived in the zone of armed conflict during hostilities.
 Materials and methods. The features of the psychological status of adolescents in the Republic of Dagestan, whose mothers experienced a high risk of terrorist threat during the occupation by militants in September 1999, were analyzed. The results of psychodiagnostic techniques were studied in 548 girls aged 11-14 years and 1090 boys aged 13-17 from the Republic of Dagestan. Of these, 270 girls and 376 boys had mothers in areas exposed to the terrorist threat and occupation by terrorists in 1999, and 278 girls and 614 boys were the offspring of mothers who were not subjected to vital stress.
 Results. The analysis showed that mild depression and masked depression in adolescents of both sexes, whose mothers experienced a life-threatening mental trauma, was determined much more often than in the group of adolescents whose mothers did not experience vital stress. At the same time, there were no cases of severe depression in both groups.
 Adolescents of both sexes, whose mothers experienced vital stress in the period before pregnancy, are characterized by a high level of neuroticism, combined with introversion. Boys are characterized by self-doubt, emotional instability, vulnerability combined with resentment and suspicion, at the same time, at the age of 13 to 14, these boys are less aggressive than their peers from the control group. Girls are characterized by coldness, formality in contacts, as a rule, they take a destructive position in conflicts.
 Conclusion. The presence of mothers in the pregravid period in the zone of military conflict, associated with high psycho-emotional stress, leads to the peculiarities of the psycho-physiological functioning of their children. Data have been obtained that allow us to speak about gender differences in neurodynamic characteristics: in girls, the processes of excitation prevailed, in boys, the processes of inhibition. With identically high rates of neuroticism-introversion, the girls had higher rates of aggressiveness.

Modeling of supply logistics and training of military personnel for the successful use of weapons in a combat area

The problem of multivariate nature is formed and solved, which is related to the modeling of logistics actions regarding various military equipment and weapons that enter the zone of military conflict. The relevance of the research is related to the comprehensive solution to the problem of the logistical nature of the supply and mastering modern various weapons by the military to create parity of forces in the military conflict zone. The current study creates a complex of logistic methods and models that allow analyzing training of the military, supply of weapons, ammunition and spare parts to the zone of military conflict, for the successful implementation of the goals of the military operation. This article analyzes the problem of using modern and diverse military equipment, which needs to be solved by systematically presenting military training in logistics, supplying various weapons from various manufacturers to the area of combat operations. The optimization model has been created to select and justify the composition of suppliers of weapons, spare parts and ammunition, in the context of risks that arise in the production and transportation of military cargo in a heterogeneous transport network. Optimization is performed in conditions of conflicting criteria: the number of new weapons; time and costs for the production and supply of military equipment; logistical risks. To study dynamic processes in the logistics of supplying weapons, spare parts and ammunition, a model has been created that allows, with the help of simulation agents, the investigation of the paths of movement of military cargo under the conditions of military threats and possible excitation of critical vulnerabilities in the heterogeneous transport supply network. An algorithm for forming the optimal delivery route at the minimum time under risks has been developed. Simulation modeling is used to estimate the movement time of military cargo, delays in supply, accumulation of risks in cargo transportation, consequences of threats and vulnerabilities in supply logistics, etc. This study examines the process of training the military by mastering new competencies for the use of various modern weapons in combat conditions. Simultaneously, the short terms of training of military personnel and the logistics of their transportation to training centers are considered subject to the threats and risks of wartime. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is ensured by a systematic representation of the logistics of supplying various weapons, spare parts and ammunition to the conflict zone, and a comprehensive solution to the research tasks set. The scientific novelty of the conducted research is associated with the development of new methods and models based on system analysis. The following methods were used: simulation modeling, models for optimizing, competence model for acquiring new knowledge by the military personnel. The results of the study should be used to select and justify suppliers of new diverse weapons and military equipment, train the military to use modern kinds and types of weapons, plan routes and schedules for the supply of military cargo to the area of combat operations, in conditions of wartime threats.

Моделювання логістики становлення військового паритету сил у зоні бойових дій

A multi-variant, multi-criteria task related to the simulation of the logistic process to establish the parity of military forces in the military conflict zone, which contributes to the successful implementation of the military operating goals, is set and solved. The relevance of the study is related to the analysis of the threats toward the parity of military forces and the threats of logistic nature caused by weapons and military equipment supply that result in the losses in the military conflict zone (losses of personnel, damages of defensive structures, transition from offensive actions to defensive ones, etc.). The study simulates the actions to establish the parity of forces in a military conflict zone in the conditions of threats and vulnerabilities related to the logistics of weapons and military equipment supplied to the war zone. The carried-out analysis of the other papers in this field revealed the shortcomings of the already existing approaches – they are aimed to study just individual components of the whole process of establishing the parity of military forces in the conflict zone, so for now, there is no comprehensive solution to the problem that makes it possible to consider the logistic aspects as well. Threat factors related to the supply of the required types and quantities of weapons to the war zone are investigated based on the qualitative assessments of military experts and lexicographic ordering of potential suppliers of weapons and military equipment. The optimization of selects the suppliers of weapons and military equipment by using integer (Boolean) programming is done. The logical sequence of actions is presented in the form of threat – vulnerabilities – damages and is investigated further by means of the theory of experiment method in the form of a full factorial experiment based on the assessments provided by military experts. The agent simulation model is created to study the logistics of military equipment supply to establish the parity of military forces in the conflict zone. This model includes the agents associated with the appearance of threats, arising of vulnerabilities, and the incurring of losses in the war zone. The supply of military equipment in a heterogeneous transport network considering the possible transshipment from one highway to another and potential temporary storage of military cargo is simulated. By using the proposed agent simulation model, the actual terms of weapons and military equipment supply in conditions of wartime threats are determined. The method to increase the efficiency of the weapons in the war zone is created using the modern types of weapons and applying of asymmetry in the military parity of forces (advantage of quality over quantity). The optimization tasks are solved in conditions of conflicting criteria of time, costs and risks related to the logistics of the process of establishing of military forces parity in the war zone. The scientific novelty of the research being conducted is related to the development of the new method based on the simulation of the logistic process of establishing military forces parity in the war zone, which allows to successfully meet the set of military operating goals.

Analysis of the impact of the armed conflict in Ukraine on the population of Romania.

PurposeThe study aims to highlight the behavior of people in a state in the vicinity of a military conflict zone. Specifically, it highlights the psychological behavior of Romanian citizens after the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. It was considered appropriate to carry out this study, given the novelty of such a situation, since, after the end of the Second World War, Europe has no longer faced major problems of insecurity caused by armed conflicts of this magnitude.MethodsThe study was based on the questionnaire applied to a number of 1,193 people with permanent residence in Romania and a minimum age of 18 years. The data were collected in the beginning phase of the invasion of Ukraine by the troops of the Russian Federation, i.e. between March 1–17, 2022. The aim was to obtain information that would allow the observation of re-spondents' opinions on the conflict in Ukraine and its potential escalation, and on the other hand, to allow the assessment of quality of life, using the WHQOL-BREEF measurement instrument.ResultsBased on the results of the study, the highest average satisfaction among the four domains of WHOQOL-BREF is represented by the “Psychological” domain, of the category of people with the lowest fear about a potential future war between Romania and the Russian Federation (83.62 ± 17.48). On the contrary, the lowest average is represented by the “Environment” domain, for the category of persons who do not feel protected by the fact that Romania is a NATO member state (61.77 ± 20.96).ConclusionsThe results of the study show that the indices of the quality of life of the people in Romania, as a state in the proximity of a military conflict with the potential to escalate, are negatively influenced by the fears of people who believe that the war in Ukraine will escalate into a regional or global conflict, or that the Russian Federation is going to use its nuclear arsenal against Ukraine or another NATO member state.

Forgiveness as a predictor of mental health in citizens living in the military conflict zone (2019-2020)

Aim. Empirical research focused on the study of forgiveness as a predictor of mental health in citizens living in the east of Ukraine in a situation of military conflict. Methods. The participants were 302 Ukrainian citizens (152 women; 150 men): 145 citizens living in eastern Ukraine (74 women; 71 men), aged 18 to 50 years and 157 citizens living in the centre of Ukraine (78 women; 79 men), aged 18 to 50 years. The main research methods were as follows: Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5); Mental Health Outcome (BSI-12); Trait Forgivingness (dispositional) Scale; A Short-Version of Forbearance Scale (FS-8); Forgiveness Measures Decision to Forgive Scale (DTFS); Emotional Forgiveness Scale (EFS); The Adult Hope Scale; Flourish and Secure Flourish Scales. Results. The phenomenon of forgiveness is examined in the article. A more pronounced degree of depression and anxiety was found in citizens living in eastern Ukraine compared to citizens living in the centre of Ukraine. A more pronounced degree of mental health, happiness, and life satisfaction has been observed in citizens living in the centre of Ukraine compared to citizens living in eastern Ukraine. Conclusion. Hope, happiness, life satisfaction, and a tendency to forgiveness are factors of mental health. Tendency to forgiveness is positively correlated with decisional forgiveness, hope, emotional forgiveness, tolerance, and acceptance of others, mental health, happiness, and life satisfaction, as well as tolerance for the mistakes of others.

Якість публічних послуг на підконтрольних Уряду України територіях Донецької та Луганської областей

Relevance of the study of access to quality public services of the population living in the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts controlled by the Government of Ukraine is due to the high level of the social vulnerability caused by the ongoing military conflict in eastern Ukraine, the ambiguous consequences of decentralization reform, and the introduction of quarantine restrictions caused by to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the article is to analyze the quality of services provided by public authorities and local governments to residents of the government-controlled territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, based on focus group interviews. The 6 focus groups were conducted within the project of the Donetsk Institute for Social Research and Political Analysis “Services available to the population and assessment of power in Donbas on both sides of the line of demarcation” in February 2021 in Mariupol, Slovyansk, Bakhmut (Donetsk region), Severodonetsk, Lysychansk and Stanytsia Luhanska (Luhansk region), which allowed collecting information on the range of available public services in these locations, define the most popular services and barriers to their delivery, and criteria for assessing the activities of residents of public service entities, as well as ways to improve quality of those services. Focus group discussion revealed that in the locations covered by the study, the influence of the spatial factor on ensuring the quality of public services is significant. Due to the manifestations of crisis consciousness formed in living conditions near the zone of military conflict, residents are not too demanding about the quality of services and react mainly to cases of long-term lack of services, vital for life-support. There are no clear criteria for assessing the quality of public services in their collective mindset. The availability of public services (the actual possibility of obtaining them at the place of residence) and the transparency of the authorities’ activities that provide them are essential. For the most part, residents do not feel their responsibility for the quality of services. When substantiating the expressed trust or distrust in the authorities, their rational arguments are often inferior to the affective ones. In addition to overcoming the identified problems in the primary spheres of life support, the study showed the expediency of focusing the efforts of local authorities and the “third sector” on the formation of appropriate client competence of public service recipients in controlled by Ukraine areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, in particular, of the full range of services available in situ, the conditions and mechanisms for their provision, the powers of local governments, the nature and essence of relations between the subjects of public services); on the development of instruments of “participatory democracy” and public control of power mechanisms. The positive perception by the population of decentralization reform, digitalization programs, CAS activities outlined the prospects for improving the management of public services in the direction of further devolution, modernization of service delivery mechanisms through technologicalization and depersonalization of processes, principles of “single window”, efficiency, transparency customer-tailored orientation.

Особенности состояния здоровья и принципы профилактики психосоматических и психологических нарушений у детей школьного возраста из зоны военного конфликта

Цель. Совершенствование профилактики развития и прогрессирования психосоматических заболеваний, психологических отклонений у детей школьного возраста из зоны военного конфликта. Материалы и методы. Проведено клинико-параклиническое обследование 286 детей школьного возраста, проживающих на территории Донецкой и Луганской областей, и переселенцев из этих мест. Для количественного определения уровня стресса использовали кардиоинтервалографию с последующим анализом вариабельности сердечного ритма. Психологические особенности изучали с помощью методик: многомерной оценки детской тревожности, внутренней картины здоровья, теста М. Люшера. Интенсивность стресс-регулирующих систем оценивалась с учетом показателей: кортизола, адреналина, норадреналина, продуктов перекисного окисления липидов, серотонина, мелатонина, активности глутатионпероксидазы и супероксиддисмутазы. Результаты. В работе приведены особенности состояния здоровья детей, характер психологических отклонений с учетом уровня перенесенного стресса. Представлены сведения, касающиеся дисбаланса стресс-регулирующих систем. Даны предложения по медико-психологическому сопровождению вышеуказанного контингента детей. Выводы. Большинство детей из зоны вооруженного конфликта имеет повышенный уровень эмоционального напряжения, что провоцирует активацию стресс-регулирующих систем. Указанное влияет на формирование психологических отклонений и изменений в состоянии здоровья, что вызывает необходимость проведения мероприятий по его коррекции.