Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel Research Articles

Evaluation on corrosion mitigation capabilities of nitrogen doped carbon dots as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in descaling solution

The article represents a mechanistic and detailed evaluation of synthesized novel nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 15 % HCl solution. The investigation reflects the synergistic adsorption and corrosion inhibition capabilities of N-CDs. The investigation reflects that the N-CDs display efficient corrosion inhibition of 93.09 % efficiency for a dosage of 350 ppm. The N-CDs adsorb upon the metallic substrate surface to generate a protective layer at the metal solution interface and thereby protect it from the aggressive electrolyte. The electrochemical analyses confirm that the N-CDs behave as mixed type corrosion inhibitors and protect both anodic and cathodic sites of corrosion. The protective film was chemically analyzed through XPS analysis which confirms the inorganic/organic, hybrid nature of the protective film.

Electrochemical and computational insights into the utilization of 2, 2- dithio bisbenzothiazole as a sustainable corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in low pH medium

Industries today place a high premium on environmentally friendly supplies that may effectively inhibit metal dissolution at a reasonable cost. Hence, in this paper, we assessed the corrosion inhibition effectiveness of the Thiazole derivative namely, 2, 2-Dithio Bisbenzothiazole (DBBT) against mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl. Several experimental approaches, including gravimetric analysis, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and surface exploration using scanning electron/atomic force microscopy (SEM/AFM) and contact angle (CA), were utilized to conduct the measurements. In 1 M HCl corrosive medium at 298 K in the subsistence of 800 ppm of DBBT, this experiment indicated DBBT as an environment-friendly and sustainable corrosion inhibitor (CI) for MS, demonstrating an inhibition efficiency (IE %) of 97.71%. To deliver a deeper knowledge of the mechanism behind inhibitive behavior, the calculated thermodynamic and activation characteristics were applied. The calculated Gibbs free energy values indicated that the CI interacted physically and chemically with the MS surface, validating physio-chemical adsorption. The findings of the EIS research revealed that an upsurge in the doses of the CI is escorted by an upsurge in polarization resistance (Rp) from (88.05 → 504.04) Ωcm2, and a diminution in double layer capacitance (Cdl) from (97.46 → 46.33) μFcm−2 at (50 → 800) ppm respectively, affirming the inhibitive potential of DBBT. Additionally, the greatest displacement in Ecorr value being 76.13 mV < 85 mV, indicating that DBBT act as a mixed-form CI. To study the further impacts of DBBT on the inhibition capabilities of the compound under investigation, density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were employed. Chemical and electrochemical approaches are in agreement with the computational analysis indicating DBBT is the most efficient CI.

Green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel extracted from soybean leaves

The use of green-soluble inhibitors in the corrosive medium as alternatives to traditional inhibitors has increased due to the toxicity of the commonly used substances. These novel substances are selected owing to their low cost, ease of application as well as maintenance, and low environmental risk. This work aims to evaluate ethanolic-water extracts from post-harvest soybean (Glycine max) by-products as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in an aggressive medium of sodium chloride. Soybean extracts were obtained by percolation at a controlled flow rate and temperature. To evaluate the anticorrosive efficiency, polarization curves of AISI 1030 steel were carried out at 1 and 7 days of immersion with different concentrations of the soybean extract. Weight loss measurements were carried out alongside potentiodynamic measurements. The steel samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The soybean extracts obtained reduced the corrosion rate of the steel, showing an efficiency of 30% at day 1. The inhibition efficiency increased up to 80% after 7 days of incubation with 2000 ppm of the extract. A Langmuir adsorption model was fitted to weight loss measurements. Kads and ΔGads obtained from the model were characteristic of physisorption. The corrosion potential was shifted toward more negative values, classifying the ethanolic-water soybean extract as a cathodic inhibitor. The steel surface for the samples incubated with 2000 ppm of soybean extract was greatly improved showing significantly fewer agglomeration of corrosion products. Soybean leaves are a promising by-product useful to produce ethanolic-water extracts to be used as green corrosion inhibitors.

Inhibition behavior of new ecological corrosion inhibitors for mild steel, copper and aluminum in acidic environment: Theoretical and experimental investigation

It is well known that the most practical approach to prevent metal from their degradation when it is in contact with aggressive solution is the application of inhibitors. The present work was designed to evaluate the inhibition behavior and the adsorption process of (E)‑1‑(5‑methylfuran‑2‑yl)‑3‑(6‑phenylimidazo[2,1‑b]thiazol‑5‑yl)prop‑2‑en‑1‑one (MF-PIT) for various metals (Copper (Cu), Mild steel (MS), and Aluminum (Al)) in 1 M HCl using electrochemical techniques, surface analysis characterization, and theoretical approaches. Firstly, DFT calculations and molecular dynamic simulation were executed to explore the reactivity of the studied inhibitor, and the adsorption configuration indicated in each metal. Before the experimental test, the environmental toxicity was evaluated and confirmed the safety of using the studied concentration. PDP results showed a good inhibition performance with inhibition efficiency of around 97.5% for copper, 95.9% for Mild steel, and 92.2% for Aluminum at the optimum concentration of 10−4 M. These results confirmed the EIS experiments and revealed that MF-PIT acted as a mixed-type inhibitor for the three metals. The adsorption of MFPIT obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model and form a strong bond with the studied metallic samples. The inhibition performance of MF-PIT showed a good correlation with the theoretical finding.

Gravimetric and Electrochemical Assessments of the Corrosion Inhibition Potential of Cola nitida Seeds Extract on Mild Steel Surface in Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Solution

&#x0D; Mild steel corrosion inhibition in 1 M HCl solution by semi-pure seeds extracts of Cola nitida was investigated using gravimetric and electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization) methods. The results obtained reveal that dichloromethane (DCM) semi-pure seeds extracts of C. nitida coded Mb4 and Mb5) inhibited mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency, by the gravimetric method, increased with increase in the extracts concentration but decreased with increase in temperature. The inhibition efficiency by the potentiodynamic polarization also increased with increase in extract concentration. The evaluated thermodynamic parameters revealed that the corrosion inhibition process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements revealed that the extracts were mixed – type inhibitors since E_corrvalues were less than the threshold value of 85 mV. The adsorption of the extracts onto mild steel surface fitted the Temkin adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the formation of protective dense film on the steel surface in the presence of the extracts compared to the blank. Physical adsorption has been proposed for the adsorption of C. nitida seeds extracts onto mild steel surface.

1,2,3-triazolyl-linked benzimidazolone derivatives as new eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution: Experimental and computational studies

Three heterocyclic derivatives of 1,2,3-triazolyl-linked benzimidazolone, named Ph-TLB, OCH3Ph-TLB, and NO2Ph-TLB, were studied for their ability to inhibit corrosion of mild steel (MS) in a 1 M HCl solution using various techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The results showed that all three derivatives were effective inhibitors of corrosion, with NO2Ph-TLB showing the highest inhibition effectiveness (96.6 %) and followed by Ph-TLB (95.2 %) and OCH3Ph-TLB (92.6 %) at an optimal concentration of 10−4 M and a temperature of 298 K. The PDP curves obtained in the presence of different organic compounds revealed that the inhibitors were of a mixed nature. The inhibitors were found to adsorb onto the surface of MS according to the Langmuir isotherm, and their adsorption and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. SEM-EDX and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show the adsorption of studied compounds which forms a protective layer over the mils steel surface. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were applied to analyse the interactions of synthesized inhibitors with MS surface along with corrosive species as it happens in the corrosive environment. In addition, The Fukui indices were computed for the determination of the most plausible nucleophilic and electrophilic attack sites.

Green-synthetized β-amino-α-carbethoxy ethyl acrylates as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid media: Experimental performance evaluation and atomic/molecular-level modeling

Two β-amino acrylate derivatives were synthesized through a solvent- and heating-free mechanochemical procedure. Those substances were tested as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic environment (1 mol/L HCl). Weight Loss Study demonstrated that both molecules mitigate corrosion with 85 and 90 % efficiencies. Electrochemical experiments proved that the corrosion mechanism is charge transfer and that the presence of EOAB and DBMM at any tested concentration in the electrolyte significantly increases the polarization resistance and lowers the corrosion density current. This phenomenon is due to the adsorption of the molecules on the mild steel surface, leading to the formation of a protection film that prevents the corrosion reaction, as suggested by Atomic Force Microscopy topographic images. The self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding method (SCC-DFTB) revealed that their adsorption strength on the iron surface followed well the corrosion inhibition performance. Both inhibitor molecules formed covalent bonds with iron atoms as evidenced from stable adsorption geometries and projected density of states. Quantum chemical parameters seem to fail in predicting the experimental performance. Outcomes from the present study confirmed the fact that an additional functional group would lead to an increased inhibition performance is not a granted correlation.

Experimental, DFT and molecular dynamic simulation of Andrographis paniculata as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in artificial seawater

At present, one of the crucial goals in the field of corrosion control practices is to develop sustainable, non-degradable and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. Herein, Andrographis paniculata essential oil developed from the leaf part was investigated as an excellent corrosion inhibitor to prevent or reduce corrosion on the surface of mild steel when exposed to artificial seawater. Several characterizations were used to examine the efficacy of the materials, including the classical weight loss study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and antimicrobial assessment using the disk-diffusion method. The findings indicate that the inhibitors act as mixed-type inhibitors that follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, the corrosion inhibition potential of major compounds present in the inhibitor was also geometrically optimized and calculated. Last but not least, through the antimicrobial test against 6 bacteria, the extract achieved excellent results against all bacteria, with the highest efficiency recorded at 65.10 % against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solution by Novel Anthraquinone Derivative: Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Enhanced Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl Solution by Novel Anthraquinone Derivative: Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Analysis of natural okra extracts as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic medium.

Plant extracts have been shown to effectively inhibit metal corrosion. Using the Box-Behnken design, gravimetric, and electrochemical techniques, analyses were designed to investigate the anti-corrosion potential of okra in a 1M HCl medium. The inhibition performances derived from the various methods were in good agreement, demonstrating that physio-chemisorption was effective and adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model. The efficiency of okra mucilage extract was 96% at a much lower concentration compared to 91.2% and 88.4% for the unsieved extract and gelly-okra filtrate, respectively. FTIR results showed the presence of several functional groups in the okra mucilage extract that are associated with adsorption, and TGA analysis revealed that the extract has high thermal stability. FESEM analysis also supported evidence of adsorption. It was determined that corrosion inhibition by okra mucilage extract was primarily influenced by temperature, followed by extract concentration, with immersion time having the least effect. From the model optimization, it was observed that okra mucilage extract at 200 ppm, 60°C, and 24 h gave an inhibition efficiency of 89.98% and high desirability. These results demonstrate the high capacity of natural okra as an efficient biodegradable corrosion inhibitor.

Experimental and theoretical evaluation of the anticorrosive proprieties of new 1,2,3-triazolyl-acridine derivatives

Three novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-acridine derivatives (abbreviated as TTA, ATM, and ATA) were synthesized via a fast ultrasound-assisted copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) in good yields. They were studied as corrosion inhibitors for 1020 mild steel in acidic media (1 mol/L HCl) using gravimetric and electrochemical measurements. Weight Loss Study showed that those molecules have anticorrosive efficiency varying from 85 to 94 % at 1 mmol/L (298 K). They also increased their corrosion mitigation at higher temperatures, reaching up to 90–96 % at 338 K. Isotherm fitting revealed that all developed corrosion inhibitors follow the Langmuir theory and data crossing confirmed the monolayer formation. Atomic Force Microscopy suggested the presence of a protective film on the metal surface and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Linear Polarization Resistance, and Electrochemical Frequency Modulation showed a better charge transfer and polarization resistance alongside a lower corrosion current density in the presence of TTA, ATM, and ATA in the corrosive media. Also, polarization curves characterized all three organic molecules as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors for mild steel. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations revealed that all molecules form covalent bonds with iron atoms upon adsorption on Fe(110) surface. The ATA molecule exhibited a bond-breaking upon adsorption and had a higher interaction energy with the iron surface. The chemical interactions between inhibitors’ molecules and iron atoms were confirmed by projected density of states analysis, showing a strong hybridization between molecules’ orbitals and 3d iron orbitals.

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl by pyrazolone-sulfonamide hybrids: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation

Carbon steel is widely used in the petroleum industry for pipelines, storage tanks, and equipment due to its mechanical properties, and strength. However, challenges such as environmental conditions and corrosive materials can affect its lifespan and require maintenance and repair. This work aimed to prepare pyrazalone-sulfonamide hybrids, and confirmed by mass spectra, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. These compounds were examined as mild steel corrosion inhibitors in 1 M HCl solutions at 298–323 K using the gravimetric technique, electrochemical measurements, scanning electronic microscope analysis, and quantum chemical calculations. The values of inhibitory efficiency identified by electrochemical and non-electrochemical techniques exhibit good agreement. At various temperatures and in the 50 to 500 ppm concentration range. During the adsorption process, these substances connect to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some adsorption isotherm and kinetic parameters have been developed and discussed. The metal surface had a thin inhibitory protective layer, according to investigations using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). These findings demonstrated the potential of pyrazolone-sulfonamide as effective organic corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel.

Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Steel by Mango Peel Extract in Hydrochloric Acid at Different Temperature

Nowadays, researchers are interested in exploring the possibility of replacing harmful inorganic chemicals with green organic substances derived from natural sources. This study focuses on accessing the potential of a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel, using plant extracts from local mango peel. The Harumanis mango peel leftover was extracted using solvent extraction techniques and the chemical compounds were characterized through Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The analysis showed that the crude extract of Harumanis mango peel (HMPE) contained active functional groups for corrosion inhibitory properties such as -OH, -COOH, -C=O and aromatic ring structure. The presence of mangiferin and other flavonols, likely acid gallic, was also detected. The efficiency of HMPE as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel was investigated through a conventional corrosion test. The immersion test was carried out in different temperatures at 30, 40, 50 and 60 ⁰C with and without the addition of the 50 to 350 ppm HMPE inhibitor in 1 M hydrochloric acid, HCl. The result showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency for mild steel in acidic medium increased as the concentration of the Harumanis mango peel increased. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 85 % was obtained at 30 ⁰C for 300 ppm. The adsorption of the Harumanis mango peel corrosion inhibitor obeys Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption of HMPE on mild steel showed comprehensive (mixed) types as revealed by thermodynamic studies. Favourable adsorption was more dominant for 30 and 40 ºC inhibitors system, whereas at high temperatures the adsorption showed weak and unfavourable interaction between HMPE and the mild steel surface. Surface analysis showed the mild steel surface was free from pits and uniform corrosion as it was inhibited by the HMPE in low temperature solution.

Detailed experimental performance of two new pyrimidine-pyrazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HCl media combined with DFT/MDs simulations of bond breaking upon adsorption

The corrosion inhibitory potency of two new pyrimidine-pyrazole derivatives, namely N-((3,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl) pyrimidin-2-amine (PPA) and ethyl 5-methyl-1-((pyrimidin-2-yl amino) methyl)− 1 H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (PPC), was evaluated by mass loss measurements and electrochemical assays for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl at 308 K. In this survey, PPA and PPC products were chosen as inhibitors owing to their environmentally friendly formulation and biodegradability, which aligns with the growing demand for sustainable compounds. Besides, the molecular structure of PPA and PPC was precisely designed to provide higher effectiveness towards corrosion. The derived results revealed that the inhibition activities of both PPA and PPC were enhanced with concentration increase reaching maximal values of 91.15% and 92.39% for PPA and PPC, respectively. Conversely, the mitigation potency dropped by approximately 42.28% (for PPA) and 31.30% (for PPC) as the temperature increased from 308 to 348. PDP plots revealed that PPC and PPA is mixed type inhibitor in 1 M HCl. The adsorption mechanisms of the two inhibitors was examined on micro/nano level with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The derived outcomes indicated high inhibition performance owing to the adsorption of PPA and PPC on MS surface, forming thus a shielding layer that precludes the MS dissolution in the acidic solution. The experimental findings were further confirmed by theoretical descriptors obtained from DFT and Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) investigations.

Examination of the main chemical components of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum as a corrosion inhibitor on the mild steel in 0.5 M HCl medium

The study delves into the versatile applications of essential oils, natural aromatic compounds derived from plants through hydro-distillation or cold extraction, across industries such as cosmetics, fragrances, food processing, traditional medicine, and agriculture. Notably, these plant-derived compounds have gained prominence as corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys in acidic environments. The research focuses on evaluating the inhibitory capacity of Suzygium aromaticuim on regular steel submerged in an acidic medium, employing various concentrations of essential oil (1.5 g/L to 6 g/L). The inhibitory effectiveness was evaluated using electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements and optical microscope analyses were used to examine the effect of cloves' essential oils on the corrosion resistance of mild steel in a 0.5 M HCl media. NMR and IR spectroscopy were used to learn about the two isolated chemicals (eugenol and β-caryophyllene). The corrosion-inhibiting properties of β-caryophyllene at 2 g/L in an acidic media were studied. Density functional theory (DFT) computations and molecular dynamics simulations were used to isolate the essential oil component of cloves responsible for the corrosion inhibition of mild steel. Inhibition effectiveness peaked at 94 % at 4 g/L, leading the researchers to infer that the natural substance is a mixed-type inhibitor. Optical microscope analysis confirmed the protection offered at the optimum concentration, while β-caryophyllene demonstrated noteworthy inhibitor efficiency, especially when compared to Eugenol. DFT analysis further supported the corrosion inhibition potential of β-caryophyllene in aggressive solutions.

Mild steel corrosion inhibition comparison between indole-5-carboxylic acid and benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid: An integrated experimental and theoretical study

Corrosion inhibition capabilities of Indole-5-carboxylic acid (IC) and Benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (BC) on mild steel have been comprehensively investigated using various techniques, including Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurement (PPM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SEM). The results from polarization tests demonstrated that both IC and BC effectively reduced the corrosion current densities of both cathodic and anodic reactions occurring on the metal surface. Through EIS analysis, it was observed that the inhibitory efficacy of IC and BC increased with higher inhibitor concentrations. At a temperature of 30°C, the solution containing 10−2M IC and 10−2M BC exhibited the maximum inhibitory efficiency, with IC achieving 92.19% and BC achieving 75.00%. The adsorption behavior of the inhibitors was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting a monolayer adsorption process. Additionally, quantum chemical calculations were carried out to assess the molecular parameters of the inhibitors thoroughly. These calculations consistently indicated that IC exhibited superior inhibitory properties compared to BC. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to gain insights into the optimal adsorption configuration of the inhibitors on the Fe(110) surface. The results revealed that IC possessed a higher binding energy with the Fe(110) surface, confirming its superior ability to inhibit steel corrosion compared to BC.

Experimental and computational study of L-Glutathione reduced as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in alkaline environment

L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is a small molecule peptide found in large quantities in living organisms, particularly in animal liver cells. Its unique structure gives it great potential to act as an environmentally friendly and efficient corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition properties of GSH for mild steel in simulated concrete pore solutions (SCPS) containing chlorine was investigated by electrochemical tests and SEM-EDS surface analysis. According to the experimental results, GSH mainly blocked the cathodic corrosion reaction and has a corrosion inhibition efficiency of up to 92.3% at room temperature, enhancing the corrosion resistance of mild steel. The isothermal adsorption results indicate that the adsorption behavior of GSH on the surface follows the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. Both quantum chemical calculations (QC) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) show that GSH can be effectively adsorbed onto mild steel substrates, thus protecting the surface from erosion. Finally, the results of the above experiments and theoretical calculations are combined to elucidate the inhibitive mechanism: GSH molecules binds to the iron surface via the sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the molecule, thus adsorbing to the iron surface in a tiled manner and forming a protective film to prevent the corrosive material from contacting the iron surface.

Effective corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in marine environments: Synthesis and application of hydrazides

A new corrosion inhibitor of long chain fatty hydrazides (HH) were synthesized from hydrazine hydrate and natural grease. The current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of HH as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in maritime applications. The corrosion inhibition experiments were conducted in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution containing 3.0% NaCl. Measurements of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods were used to assess corrosion inhibition. The molecular structure of HH was analyzed through FTIR and NMR, providing a description. Furthermore, the examination included the effects of concentration, temperature, and time on inhibition. The weightlessness results show that the corrosion inhibition rate of HH-1 is about 70% at low concentration of 10 mg·L−1, further corrosion inhibition rate reaches to about 80% at 20 mg·L−1, and inhibiting rate reaches higher than 90% at 50 mg·L−1 in 3.0% NaCl-containing saturated Ca(OH)2. Polarization test results demonstrated that HH-1 was a cathode-based corrosion inhibitor, slowing down the dissolution of steel by blocking the active site on metal surface. What's more, the adsorption on the mild steel followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, 3D scanning, AFM and XPS characterization demonstrated the formation of a protective layer on the steel surface as a result of adsorption of functionalized HH molecules. This layer effectively shielded the steel from aggressive 3.0% NaCl attack following a 48-h immersion in the solution. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the molecular/atomic-level inhibition mechanism. Ultimately, our research findings validate the effectiveness of a novel environmentally friendly and efficient corrosion inhibitor in safeguarding steel bars against corrosion in marine environments.

Synergistic experimental and computational approaches for evaluating pyrazole Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium

In this investigation, the efficiency of a pyrazole Schiff base as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in an acidic setting (1 M HCl) was examined. Several tests, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), weight loss (WL), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), showed the inhibitor's strong efficiency in averting corrosion on the metal surface. Inhibition efficiencies for CPMNA and CMPMA at 300 ppm and 298 K, respectively, were 94.60 % and 91.99 %. Inhibition efficiencies varied with temperature and inhibitor concentration. At 318 K, their efficiency marginally declined to 89.17 % and 88.20 %.We also delved into the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of inhibitor sorption and mild steel deterioration. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption (Gads), which includes chemisorption and physisorption, indicates multimodal adsorption. Surface data further confirmed these observations. Research performed on surface morphology, including contact angle (CA) measurements, electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), provided additional support for these inferences. Fukui functions, Density Functional Theory (DFT), Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS), and RDF analysis were several instances of computational simulation strategies that verified good agreement with experimental results. Overall, this research offers pertinent information to scientists seeking to create stronger organic corrosion inhibitors.

An Outline of Employing Metals and Alloys in Corrosive Settings with Ecologically Acceptable Corrosion Inhibitors

Researchers have just discovered an alternative to synthetic corrosion inhibitors, which are hazardous and terrible for the ecosystem, to prevent rusting in the environment. A metal corrodes when it is subjected to corrosive media (acid, base, or saline) and they deteriorate, leading to failure. The most straightforward and affordable corrosion protection and prevention technique in acidic environments has been proven to be corrosion inhibitors. On industrial surfaces, pieces of machinery, or vessels, these inhibitors slow the rate of corrosion, preventing the monetary losses brought on by metallic corrosion. Recently, attention has been directed to developing ecologically appropriate corrosion retardation methods because inorganic and organic inhibitors are harmful and expensive. Recent studies have focused on green mild steel (MS) corrosion inhibitors that mimic industrial processes in acidic conditions. This presentation briefly covers the many types of corrosion, the corrosion process and the most recent studies on using natural plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors. Since they are safe and cost-effective, green corrosion inhibitors are a new trend in preventing corrosion. These inhibitors are produced from various plant parts, and inhibition efficiency (IE) also depends on them. To ascertain the IE of the corrosion inhibitor, some experiments, including computational studies (quantum calculations and MD simulations), electrochemical measurements (electrochemical impedance (EIS) and potentio-dynamic polarization), surface morphology atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV–visible spectroscopy are carried out. It has been demonstrated that the IE is maximum for green corrosion inhibitors compared to synthetic inhibitors. This paper provides an overview of the properties, mechanism of corrosion inhibitors, nature of green corrosion inhibitors and their IE obtained by performing tests. This review article discussion shows that reinforcement with plant extract performs well in aggressive environments, which is evident from electrochemical studies and surface analysis when compared to reinforcement with inhibitors.