Migration Tendencies Research Articles

Patterns of Migration Following Dementia Diagnosis

Diseases have historically prompted individual relocations to mitigate the risk of disease acquisition or improve access to care. As dementia prevalence increases, comprehending the migration patterns of affected individuals is vital for public policy. To quantify the association of dementia diagnosis with migration patterns by examining the proportion of individuals with dementia who relocate, the timing of their moves relative to diagnosis, and the nature of their new living arrangements, whether in institutional settings or different households. This cohort study leveraged a comprehensive dataset of national Medicare claims and assessments spanning from 2012 to 2020, including Medicare Beneficiary Summary File and nursing home administrative datasets. The study focused on beneficiaries who received diagnoses in 2016 of dementia, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or colon cancer. Analyses were performed from March 2023 to August 2024. The primary outcome was migration, defined as change in county or state. The analysis distinguished between migrations with and without a nursing home stay. By tracking patients' residential county for 4 years before and after diagnosis, a difference-in-differences approach was used to contrast migration tendencies associated with dementia against the other 3 conditions. The sample included 1 626 127 Medicare beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 80.1 [8.0] years; 922 194 women [56.7%]) who received diagnoses of the 4 conditions in 2016. In total, 818 862 had a new dementia diagnosis (age, 82.0 [7.8] years; 492 146 women [60.1%]). Comparing between the prediagnosis and postdiagnosis months, the proportion migrating to a different county increased by 8.5 percentage points (95% CI, 7.6-9.4 percentage points) for individuals with dementia and between 4.2 to 5.8 percentage points among those with myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or colon cancer. The difference-in-difference estimates indicated a 3.9 percentage point (95% CI, 3.7-4.0 percentage points) increase in intercounty migration and a 1.9 percentage point (95% CI, 1.8-2.0 percentage points) increase in interstate migration for patients with dementia, effectively doubling the likelihood of migration compared with the other conditions. Of the excess migrations resulting from dementia diagnosis, 55% occurred in community settings, and 45% occurred in institutional settings. In this retrospective cohort study of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, dementia was associated with a marked increase in migration rates over other major illnesses. This finding underscores the need to understand the factors associated with these distinct migration behaviors.

Comprehensive analysis of benzothiazoles (BTHs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers (BUVs) in the western South China Sea: Spatial distributions, migration tendencies and ecotoxicological relevance

Benzothiazoles (BTHs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers (BUVs) have garnered significant attention owing to their persistent nature in the environment and adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. However, there remains a dearth of investigations and studies conducted in tropical marine environments. In this study, we undertook the inaugural distributional survey and ecotoxicological relevance of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in seawater and sediments of the western South China Sea (WSCS). Elevated concentrations of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in the seawater and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were primarily observed in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the western region of the WSCS, attributed to terrestrial runoff and hydrodynamic processes. Moreover, the transport of these compounds at the seawater–SPM interface was influenced by both the intrinsic properties of the contaminants and temperature variations. Spatially, concentrations of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in surface sediments exhibited a diminishing trend with increasing distance from the coast to offshore areas, reflecting notable anthropogenic impacts. Concentration profiles of these compounds in sediment cores displayed a bottom-up increasing trend, with total organic carbon (TOC) identified as the primary determinant governing their accumulation within sediment cores in the WSCS. Terrestrial runoff inputs and atmospheric deposition as major contributors to the occurrence of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in the WSCS. Simultaneously, the study underscores the non-negligible moderate mixture risk quotient associated with BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in the sediments.

Assessment of erosion-accretion patterns, land dynamics, and climate change impacts on the islands of the south-central coastal zone of Bangladesh using remote sensing techniques

This study investigates morphological changes, erosion-accretion patterns, and climate change impacts on Bangladesh’s dynamic coastal regions focusing on the Meghna Estuary and islands like Sandwip, Urir Char, and Swarna Dweep. Using remote sensing and GIS techniques, the research analyzes short-term (5-year) and long-term (30-year) changes from 1991 to 2021. Satellite imagery reveals significant erosion and accretion rates. Sandwip experienced high erosion (up to 29.48 km2 every 5 years) until 2006 but recent stability. Urir Char faced substantial erosion (up to 22.73 km2 every 5 years) until 2001 in the southeast and accretion in the north. Swarna Dweep showed minimal erosion but significant accretion. The islands exhibited migration tendencies: Swarna Dweep southeast, Sandwip northeast, and Urir Char northwest. Cyclones, including the 1991 event, Sidr, and Aila, significantly reshaped coastal morphology. Climate change impacts include increasing rainfall trends (up to 0.8572 mm/year on Sandwip), rising temperatures (up to 0.005 °C/year on Urir Char), and accelerated sea-level rise (up to 11.93 mm/year on Sandwip). The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring, coastal management, and adaptation strategies for Bangladesh’s dynamic coastline in the face of ongoing environmental changes.

GLOBAL MOBILITY: BIBLIOMETRIC APPROACH

The research seeks to understand the complex interactions between migration, population relocation, and climate change in today's dynamic global terrain. It explores changing trends, drivers, and repercussions of modern migration in the context of environmental changes using extensive data analysis. Notably, the research investigates new cyber migration tendencies, emphasizing the link between human movement and technology. It also examines how international student mobility affects global knowledge networks and talent migration. In addition, the study looks at both forced and voluntary migration, considering factors including environmental change, war, and socioeconomic differences.

Investigation of the relationship between attitudes toward migration and life satisfaction of nurses working in Turkey.

Nurse migration contributes to the nursing shortage in developing countries. Understanding nurses' attitudes toward migration and related factors is crucial for policy-making and healthcare workforce planning in Turkey. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses' attitudes toward migration and their life satisfaction in Turkey. The study included working nurses with social media accounts on a social media platform in Turkey who followed nursing-related content. A sample of 423 nurses completed an online survey. Independent variables included nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and inclination toward migration, while dependent variables were life satisfaction and migration attitude levels. Data were collected via an online questionnaire, incorporating the Brain Drain Attitude Scale (BDAS) and Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), between April and May 2023. The study found a negative correlation between nurses' life satisfaction levels and their attitudes toward migration (r=-.349, p<.001). Nurses dissatisfied with their profession (F=6.575, p<.05), lacking professional support (F=8.641, p<.05), and lacking social support (F=6.307, p<.05) scored higher on the BDAS. Conversely, those satisfied with their profession (F=31.455, p<.05), receiving professional support (F=26.307, p<.05), and social support (F=33.990, p<.05) scored higher on the LSS. The study revealed that decreased life satisfaction among nurses in Turkey correlates with increased migration attitudes. These results underscore the need for strategies to enhance nurses' job satisfaction and support systems to mitigate migration tendencies. This study contributes valuable insights into the high inclination of Turkish nurses toward emigration.

Biogeographical patterns in the seasonality of bird collisions with aircraft

Abstract Bird collisions with aircraft pose a serious threat to human safety. However, broad‐scale patterns in how bird strikes might vary through space and time have yet to be fully understood. Here, we conducted a biogeographical study of bird strikes to answer two questions: (1) Are bird strikes higher at certain times of the year in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres? and (2) Is seasonality in bird strikes more prominent in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere? To answer these questions, we collated data on monthly bird strikes from 122 airports across the globe and used circular statistics to test for hemispherical asymmetries in the circular mean and variance in bird strikes. Results showed that annual peaks in bird strikes occurred between late summer to autumn seasons, and as a result, they occurred at opposite times of year in the northern and southern hemispheres. Results also showed that bird strikes were more seasonal in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere, where strikes tended to occur more consistently throughout the year. Practical implication: Overall results indicate that avian collisions with aircraft show strong biogeographical patterning, concomitant with global patterns in bird breeding seasons and migration tendencies.

The paradox of global capitalism in crisis and global popular free mobilisation: The merger of the tourist and the temporary resident

Instability is inherent in global capitalism, impacting all countries, particularly those directly reliant on this economic framework. The USA shapes tourism metrics in dependent nations and influences inbound tourism spending. Using logarithmic models and power tests, the study delineated four dynamic fields (Cn) supporting the thesis of the fusion of tourism and temporary residency. This study demonstrates that tourism and migration correlate with political, economic, and social instability, as evidenced by high statistical correlations. Variance increases during instability, leading to more residency petitions per tourist entry. This pattern is repeated during three major crises: the 2008–2009 financial crisis, the 2011–2013 conflicts in the Middle East and Africa, and the 2016–2017 regional political turmoil and Venezuelan migration. Economic classification tests confirm the association between instability, armed conflict, and heightened tourism and residency tendencies. Tourism income rises steadily, and residency averages increase, especially during periods of regional instability. The study highlights the tight link between tourism and migration with political, economic, and social instability. The statistical analysis reveals significant correlations, showing higher residency pressure during unstable periods. The applied tests confirm that countries in turmoil exhibit heightened tourism and migration tendencies.

Ink Migration Barrier and Direct Food Contact Heat Sealing Lacquer Design for Aluminum / Pet Blister Structure

The packaging industry as a pioneer in waste production is looking for environmentally friendly and green solutions in these days. These factors are driving the development of packaging and forcing the industry to invest in research and development to make flexible packaging more sustainable than the existing packaging options. In this review, the factors of main ingredient’s selection on migration barrier properties have been investigated within the new designed heat-sealing lacquer. The new heat-sealing lacquer design has been carried out, which will ensure thermal sealing in Aluminum/Pet Blister Packaging structure, suitable for direct contact food, and at the same time prevent the migration of printed ink to the secondary packaging layer, Pet film side. Because of laboratory tests, the effects and results of heat-sealing lacquer formulations have been assessed and prevented the negative ink migration tendencies in existing heat-seal lacquers for blister packaging structure. That would be possible to use the obtained PET film by recycling processes as a green solution to flexible packaging sector. In this way, Pet films can be separated and used in recycling processes when blister packaging printed with new designed heat-sealing lacquer

Specifics of Migration Tendencies in Regional Connectivity

Specifics of Migration Tendencies in Regional Connectivity

A retrospective analysis of heavy metals and multi elements in the Yangtze River Basin: Distribution characteristics, migration tendencies and ecological risk assessment

The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world with more than 6300 km, covering 0.4 billion people. However, the aquatic ecosystem of the Yangtze River has been seriously damaged in the past decades due to a rapid development of economic and industrialization along the coast. In this study, we first established a dataset of fifty elements, including nine common heavy metals (HMs) and forty-one other elements, in the Yangtze River Basin through the collection of historical data from 2000 to 2020, and then analyzed their spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. The results indicated that the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), a region formed by the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), may act as a sink for these elements from upstream regions. The concentrations of seven elements in surface water and 13 elements in sediment obviously increased from the upstream region of the TGR to the TGR. In addition, ten elements in the surface water and 5 elements in the sediments clearly decreased, possibly because of the interception effects of the TGD. On a timescale, Cr obviously tended to migrate from the water phase to the sediment; Pb tended to migrate from the sediment to the water phase. In the ecological risk assessment, all common HMs in surface water were supposed to have negligible risks as protecting 90 % of aquatic organisms; Cd (210.2), Hg (58.0) and As (43.1) in sediment posed high and moderate ecological risks using the methodology of the potential ecological risk index. Furthermore, Hunan Province is at considerable risk according to the sum of the potential risk index (314.8) due to Cd pollution (66.8 %). These fundamental data and results will support follow-up control strategies for elements and policies related to aquatic ecosystem protection in the Yangtze River Basin.

Workforce migration and brain drain – A nationwide cross-sectional survey of early career psychiatrists in Nigeria

Abstract Background Nigeria’s shortage of psychiatrists is exacerbated due to health worker migration. Aim This study explores migration experiences and tendencies among early-career psychiatrists in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey covering Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones, using a 61-item online questionnaire assessing short-term mobility, long-term migration experiences and migration attitudes. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 29. Results Of 228 early-career psychiatrists surveyed, 9.7% had short-term mobility and 8.0% had long-term migration experiences. However, 85.8% had ‘ever’ considered migration, 69.2% were planning to leave ‘now’, and 52.9% had taken ‘practical migration steps’. Over half (52.7%) said they would be working abroad in 5 years, with 25.2% indicating they would migrate within a year. The top reasons to leave were financial and academic, while personal and cultural factors were the key reasons to stay. Income dissatisfaction (OR = 2.27, 95%, CI = 1.05–4.88) predicted planning to leave ‘now’, while being in a relationship (OR = 3.46, 95%CI = 1.06–11.30) predicted taking ‘practical migration steps’. Attractive job features were good welfare (85.4%) and high salaries (80.3%). Improvements in finances (90.8%) and work conditions (86.8%) were requested. Conclusions Systemic changes to address psychiatrists’ migration from Nigeria are needed.

The Situation of the Indigenous Polish Population, Ukrainians and Lemkos in the Voivodship of Zielona Góra in 1956–1960 Against the Background of the Nationality Policy of the Authorities

The year 1956 saw a revision of the nationality policy of the Polish state, which brought a change in the situation of the indigenous Polish population and Ukrainian and Lemko displaced persons living in the voivodship of Zielona Góra. The party and state authorities made many tactical concessions with a view to suppressing strong migration tendencies and strengthening social and economic structures. There was an action of economic aid addressed to autochthonous Poles as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos. The development of folk culture was supported and the struggle of indigenous Poles against long-term Germanisation was publicised. The authorities gave permission to establish local structures of the Ukrainian Social and Cultural Association, Ukrainian language teaching centres, Orthodox parishes and Greek Catholic pastoral institutions. This relatively favourable period came to an end in the early 1960s, with the return of conservative and totalitarian tendencies in the politics of Władysław Gomułka and his camp.

Inertial migration of fine mineral particles in a curved microfluidic channel: Demystifying the role of non-neutrally buoyant particles

Fine mineral particles (FMPs) are ubiquitous in hazardous waste derived from metal mining, processing, and smelting. Inertial microfluidics has sparked tremendous attention due to its potential applications in separating neutral buoyant particles. However, it often fails when applied into non-neutral buoyant FMPs. The inertial migration and focusing tendencies of FMPs were still unknown. Herein, we present a modified microfluidic experiment platform to ensure the steady flow of FMPs in microfluidic systems. This platform avoids the deposition issue of FMPs by combined sample input and suspension system along with design of effective flow rate. FMPs of various particle diameter (2.2 μm, 6.8 μm and 10.2 μm, density of 6.29 g/cm3 or 3.2 g/cm3) were classified and compared to neutral buoyant particles (1.1 μm, 7 μm and 9.9 μm, density of 1.05 g/cm3) to investigate their differences in migration and focusing behaviors within a curved microfluidic channel (CR = 0.07). The migration dynamics of particles with multiple scale sizes may be divided into focusing, rough focusing, and non-focusing modes. Results revealed that a high density of FMPs had less effect on FMP migration and focusing behaviors in three modes. Nonetheless, the variability of FMP size and shape must be considered, as it will induce a shift in particle focusing position and, ultimately, might inhibit FMP separation in microfluidic channels. This work provides an experimental basis for the microfluidic behaviors of FMPs and might give advanced support for the possible application of microfluidic technology in mineral particle separation and sorting.

New Migration Trends in the EU Countries: Disagreements, Compromises, Prospects

The article describes specifics and new migration tendencies in EU countries after the crisis of 2015. The author examines situation with migrants and asymmetric approach of the European states to these problems using methods of comparative and statistical analysis. The study identifi ed the causes of disagreements within the European Union, lack of balance between national and supranational levels of EU migration policy, especially during crisis, weakness of integration in migration sphere. The processes of sub-regionalization are analyzed in the article, they intensifi ed after migration crisis and led to disconnection between European states. The special approach of the EU countries to Ukranian refugees is noted in this study and main reasons are more political than humanitarian. Different forecasts of migration process are considered. The author makes a conclusion that volatility and unpredictability of migration and multiplicity of different factors influence the forecasts and scenarios, especially medium and long-term and requires more complicated methods, criteria and system analysis. The growth of migration flows in EU countries is wave-like and depends on social, political and economic situation in receiving and origin countries. These processes are irreversible and difficult to resolve within European Union.

The relationship between unemployment anxiety, job satisfaction and migration attitude among the next generation of Turkish nurses: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe global nursing shortage is complex and multifaceted. Despite the policy of increasing the number of nurses, concerns about the sustainability of the nursing workforce in Turkey continue. AimTo evaluate the relationship between unemployment anxiety, job satisfaction, and migration attitudes among Turkish nursing candidates. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 1100 nursing candidates between April and June 2022. The data gathered from the “Personal Form, Job Satisfaction, and Brain Drain Attitudes Scale” were analyzed using logistic regression and decision tree analysis. ResultsOf the participants, 67.1% were female, and the mean age was 22.6 ± 1.7 years. Being male (OR = 1.317, 95% Cl 0.994–1.743) having a low income (OR = 1.754, 95% Cl 1.334–2.306), feeling insecure about the future (OR = 2.340, 95% Cl 1.312–4.175), expecting a lower wage than desired (OR = 2.015, 95% Cl 1.132–3.586), and employment precariousness (OR = 1.786, 95% Cl 1.355–2.353) increase the possibility of experiencing high unemployment anxiety. On the other hand, family support for living abroad (OR = 0.579, 95% CI 0.408–0.821) and job satisfaction (OR = 0.799, 95% CI 0.692–0.921) decrease unemployment anxiety (p < 0.05). According to the results of the decision tree analysis, the host country's pull factors are the best predictors of the nursing candidates' intention to work abroad as nurses (p < 0.05). ConclusionThe increasing prevalence of unemployment anxiety and migration tendencies among nursing candidates requires the evaluation of policies aimed at increasing the number of nursing graduates in Turkey.

Study of Foreign Labor Migration Causes of the RA within the Framework of Public Opinion Analysis

Key words. migration, migration mobility, demographic image violation, social opinion, migratory sentiments The article deals with a study of the causes of external migration tendencies of RA conducted in accordance with the methodology of sociological research. This research has a selective nature that preserves the standards used in Sociology. 1 urban and 14 rural settlements in Shirak Marz of RA were included in the sample of the sociological research. The sample survey is compiled with regional, professional, migration as well as gender and age characteristics so that valuable and relevant information could be extracted for further study and usage in the development of migration policy. In this regard, there was a problem of assessing the role and importance of migrants in the development of households in Shirak Marz. At the same time, it was necessary to understand what existential problems were formed by the outflow of the workable population from Armenia in recent years, particularly due to the demographic decline and depopulation. The scope of this topic also covers the question of where the Armenian youth currently wants to go and what are the reasons for the migration trend. The outcomes of the author’s empirical investigation, as mentioned in the document, were derived through systematic validation and analysis of pre-designed protocols. The instruments, crafted by the author, underwent rigorous testing and authentication in educational settings and among the population of 18-year-old migrants domiciled in the city of Gyumri, RA, as well as among the elderly. The report incorporates a comprehensive exposition of the pertinent issue and the delineated objectives of the research. The primary and secondary research data were subjected to instrumental measurements, systematically analyzed, and generated insightful inferences, paving the way for a thought-provoking scientific exposition. The data, obtained in the framework of the article, will be valuable for scientific and public circles, for institutions dealing with migration issues.

Forced displacement from Ukraine due to Russia’s 2022 invasion and the likelihood of a new wave of emigration

ABSTRACT Russia's war against Ukraine caused the massive forced displacements. More than a third of the Ukrainian population left their homes, and many Ukrainians went abroad. Although the future migration prospects remain uncertain, the analysis of socio-demographic characteristics of the displaced persons, the traditions of labor migration among Ukrainians can facilitate the estimation of possible directions in the development of migration situation. The available data prompts the conclusion that a part of the refugees will decide in favor of a prolonged residence abroad, another part will return to their homeland, while the labor migration abroad will become a widespread practice. The volume and significance of these three migration tendencies depend on the war and post-war reconstruction results, which are impossible to envisage. However, the management of each of the three prospects concerning the migration of Ukrainians will require the development of a different political approach and specific targeted measures.

Third Culture Kids: The consequences of multiculturalism and nomadism in the context of identity, well-being and education

In a globalizing world, increasing migration tendencies lead to broad social consequences. More and more young people can be defined as Third Culture Kids (TCK), individuals exposed to diverse cultural paradigms in the early developmental years. Being a TCK significantly affects the development of identity, well-being and overall functioning. There are also substantial consequences of TCKs experiences in the field of education. Yet, the problem of new forms of multicultural identities is not sufficiently represented within Polish research. The following review aims to fill this gap and present the latest trends in studies on the TCK phenomenon. This article critically evaluated existing research regarding Third Culture Kids. It further presented the consequences of the multicultural experience of TCK, emphasizing significant problems and benefits of multiculturalism and global nomadism in the areas of well-being, identity and education. Importantly, ways of dealing with multicultural identity, the so-called multicultural identity configurations, were presented as moderators of the influence of multiculturalism on the functioning of TCK. Factors supporting TCKs well-being and educational success were indicated, including psychological (multicultural identity integration, cultural intelligence, global mindset) and institutional (teaching systems, psychological support) attributes.

Перспективи розвитку співпраці України з ЄС у сфері трудової міграції

The paper is devoted to the prospects for the development of Ukraine's cooperation with the EU’s countries in the field of labor migration regulation. It is established that in current time the international labor migration is one of the most characteristic manifestations of the globalization of the world economy due to the fact that now the number of recipient countries is about 67 units in comparison with 39 units a few decades ago, while the number of donor countries has increased from 29 to 55 units. It was determined that the main reasons for such changes are: global political crises and changes in the world coordinate system. The hypothesis was proposed and confirmed that, given the objective factors, including the political and the presence of the armed conflict in the country, emigration will only increase in the near future due to the state of the economy and the desire to receive material income. The cause-and-effect relationships between migration and the socio-economic state of the economy are considered by analyzing its main indicators, among them such as: population size, birth rate, education level and retention rate. The hypothesis was put forward and proved that the amount of the earned salary is one of the reasons for voluntary dismissal or reluctance to extend the employment contract. The geographical mapping of labor migrants from Ukraine in the countries of the world was studied. Key macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth, (un)employment, remittance flows, international development aid and foreign direct investment are identified, which are crucial to understanding the effects of migration as they provide an overview of the economic situation of any country. The forecast values of GDP growth and GDP per capita of Ukraine was analysed in the context of putting forward a hypothesis regarding for the further migration tendencies. The necessity of regulating the negative consequences for the Ukrainian economy in order to counteract its decline in the future due to the decreasing in the number of economically active population in the future, which are the main producers of the country's GDP, has been established.

The importance of human capital in agribusiness and rural development of Serbia

Human capital represents the most important resource and plays a driving force in the efficient development of economic entities and agricultural farms in agribusiness and rural development. Research in the paper aims to analyze and identify positive and negative trends in the structure and operations of the small businesses and agricultural farms, where human resources play a central role. So, the main goal of article is to emphasize research in the field of demographics (age, gender and educational structure, or migration tendencies), socio-cultural, or employment structures that have an impact on the maintenance, improvement and development of human resources in rural areas. Respecting modern approaches in management, marketing and cultural diversity, their application in the field of human resources will influence better understanding and greater investments and implementation of innovative approaches in human capital management in rural areas. Derived research results indicate the need for applying modern methods and techniques of management and culture in order to stop the negative migration trends and improve working and living conditions in rural space. Besides , its required the integration into innovative educational and technological flows, adaptation to cultural changes, encouragement of entrepreneurship and employment with the aim of sustainable development of human resources in rural areas.