Migration Rules Research Articles

Migration Policy, Labor Immigration and Economic Growth: Qualitative Analysis of Correlations and Interaction Scenarios

The aim of our research is to use the data on the correlation between national migration policy, economic value of labor immigration and economic growth of the today’s EU member so that to define the possible directions and scenarios in modernization of both national and international regulation of the migration processes in the region. This work also measures the indicators of national migration policy adequacy of the EU members in relation to the demands of both globalizing world economy and local socioeconomic priorities. The author confirms there exists a mutual relation between the adequacy of a national migration policy and economic value of labor migration for the economic progress. Core strategies and potential threats to future development of national economic systems of these countries are also outlined in the context of global migratory processes. The offered here article also tests the hypothesis concerning the role of labor imigration in the dynamics of GDP. Other hypotheses posed here concern: reducing economic role of labor immigration for the GDP dynamics; inefficiency of the unified migration rules for all EU members which were introduced as an instrument for modernization of regional migration policies and levelling of the positions of very different countries.

Stability Analysis of Slopes on Both Sides of Highway in Geotechnical Area under Rainfall Conditions

The objective of this study is to correctly analyze the slope stability, strengthen the guidance of engineering construction, and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property. In this study, the numerical simulation software Geo-Studio is used to simulate the stability variation rules of the slope on both sides of the highway in the rocky region when the angles of the upper and lower slope of the platform width are changed under the action of light rain for a long time respectively, and the corresponding comparison analysis is made with the corresponding natural working condition. The results show that the infiltration of rainwater has a great influence on the slope on both sides of the highway in the geotechnical area, which is mainly reflected in the decrease of the stability of the multi-level slope, the significant change of the sliding surface (including the location, size, shape, etc. of the sliding surface), the potential instability form of the slope (overall stability and local stability), and the slow but continuous change of the pore water pressure in the soil. Through the rainfall test on the highway slope, it is found that the instability mechanism of the slopes on both sides of the highway in the geotechnical area is affected by the conditions of rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, cumulative rainfall capacity, and rainfall patterns. In addition, the changes of rainfall infiltration rate in the side slope of highway in rock and soil area and the migration rules of water field in side slope are also obtained. The findings of this study can be used as a reference and basis for engineering design and construction. Moreover, the safety coefficient of the slope after renovation meets the stability requirement. Therefore, the slope engineering treatment measures on both sides of the highway can effectively deal with the hidden disaster brought by landslide deformation or instability.

Characteristics and migration rules of major elements of the bauxite in Meitan-Fenggang area, northern Guizhou, China

The following results were obtained by analyzing the major elementss of bauxite in the Meitan-Fenggang area: 1) There is a correlation between Al, Si, Fe and Ti elements, and Al is negatively correlated with Si and Fe, Al and Ti have positive correlation, Si is negatively correlated with Fe and Ti; 2) Al, Si and Fe have a downward migration trend, and the migration of Si and Fe to the bottom is the key to the formation of high-grade bauxite; 3) The migration of Fe Al, Si is not completely synchronized, but However, the higher the Al content, the stronger the correlation between the samples Al, Si, and Fe.

Changing distribution of migrant population and its influencing factors in urban China: Economic transition, public policy, and amenities

Rural-urban and interregional migration has greased the wheels of China's labor market and fueled rapid urbanization. The spatial distribution of migrants has changed significantly in recent years. We create a panel of Chinese cities using decennial census and annual yearbook data, studying the distribution of migrants from 2010 to 2016, comparing with prior years, and examining factors behind the changing spatial distribution. Results show that China's maturing economy, coupled with shifting migration policy and migrants' preferences, has affected the redistribution of migrants. The spatial agglomeration of migrants peaked in the early 2010s, so did the growth of migrants—signaling a major turning point of China's urbanization. The slowdown is most evident in coastal mega-regions, while several interior provincial capitals and coastal lower-tier cities have emerged as new migration destinations. Industrial upgrading and restrictive migration rules have pushed migrants away, while strong economies and more public services have attracted migrants. However, air pollution and higher housing cost have not deterred migrants. Our findings highlight that, while institutional factors and state interventions have greatly affected migration—except in the largest cities—their effects are diminishing in urban China. As the growth of productivity and population continues to slow, lower-tier cities can recruit migrants as part of their development plans.

A model of fully coupled two-phase flow and coal deformation under dynamic diffusion for coalbed methane extraction

To further explore the mechanism of fluid migration during long-term CBM recovery, a fully coupled model of two-phase flow and coal deformation is developed in this investigation based on gas dynamic diffusion. Although the coal mass is considered to be a dual-porosity single-permeability (DPSP) geological model, multiscale fractal characteristics of multistage pores are considered to illustrate the decrease in the gas diffusion coefficient over time. In addition, the model also considers water saturation, relative permeability, Klinkenberg effects and the changes in permeability caused by the fracture pressure (including the water pressure and gas pressure), matrix pressure (only the gas pressure), and desorption-induced shrinkage. Considering the combined impact of the abovementioned parameters, we established four governing equations and two supplementary equations and solved these problems with COMSOL multiphysics software. Subsequently, the model is validated via field test data, and then, through a comparison between our model and two typical coupled models for CBM extraction, we observed that the model that simplified CBM extraction as a single-phase flow process could overestimate gas production at the early stage, while the model that disregarded the impacts of the dynamic diffusion coefficient could overestimate gas production at the later stage. Finally, the coupled model was used to model long-term CBM and water production. The numerical results show that the gas pressure in the fracture and matrix and the water saturation decrease with time. And matrix gas pressure obtains a higher value than the fracture gas pressure in the later stage of extraction. In the area far from the wellbore, the permeability is lower than its initial value, while in the near-wellbore region, the permeability shows the opposite behavior. A sensitivity analysis of the current model illustrates that increases in the Langmuir strain constant, Young's modulus, initial permeability diffusion coefficient could promote the rate of gas production. Overall, our modified model for CBM extraction can enhance the gas and water migration rules and provide more accurate predictions for gas production.

Research on spatial Lissajous trajectory vibrating screen

Based on analyzing the problem of the screen with circular, linear, and elliptical trajectory, the spatial Lissajous trajectory has been put forward. The article analyzes the dynamic theory of the spatial Lissajous trajectory screen, and the virtual simulation with discrete-element method is applied to study the solid migration rules. A discrete-element model is developed based on the JKR contact model which takes into considerations viscous forces of contacting particles. Two important factors, migration velocity and filter ratio, are selected to describe the working performance of the vibrating screen. The research results show that the spatial Lissajous vibrating screen has approximate solid migration velocity like the linear vibrating screen, but the filter rate of spatial Lissajous trajectory is the highest. Therefore, the spatial Lissajous trajectory vibrating screen can reduce the phenomenon of screening blockage, and the advantage will be more evident in the case of high drilling fluid viscosity, high mesh number, and serious screen blockage.

Health needs and access to health care: the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey

ObjectivesTurkey is a principal destination and transit country for refugees from diverse countries. Turkey currently hosts Syrian refugees and provides free access to shelter, education and health care. The aim of this study is to determine the health needs and document the healthcare services available to Syrian refugees in Turkey. Study designLiterature review. MethodsAn examination of the scientific literature, reports and government policies about refugees in Turkey was performed. In addition, literature focussing on the understanding and development of the healthcare needs and systems in crisis situations in Turkey was analysed. ResultsThe Turkish government has made several regulations for Syrian refugees, which allow them to benefit from emergency care units and primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare centres in Turkey's 81 provinces free of charge; the financial costs of these benefits are covered by the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority. Effectiveness of healthcare services for refugees is limited by language barriers, mobility of the refugees and some legal restrictions. Mental health and rehabilitation services are relatively weak because of the inadequate number of qualified practitioners. ConclusionsThe current migration rules in Turkey do not enable refugees to access all human rights. Because the number of refugees has increased, there has been a subsequent increase in the financial and human resources needed for healthcare services. Multidynamic refugee-friendly systems, the provision of preventive health care (including primary and secondary prevention opportunities) and increasing the number of national and international organisations may help improve the health of refugees.

Can smartphones empower labour migrants? The case of Kyrgyzstani migrants in Russia

ABSTRACTIn the last two decades, mobile phones and new technologies have transformed migration. Some scholars argue that they help empower migrants, who are otherwise often marginalized in their host country. We discuss the extent to which this is true for Kyrgyz labour migrants in Russia, a relatively large diaspora that suffers from multiple levels of disempowerment, ranging from precarious living and working conditions to a lack of legal support and representation from their home government. Relying on fieldwork conducted in Kyrgyzstan in 2017 and 2018, we explore the extent to which smartphones are enabling Kyrgyz labour migrants in Russia to be informed about migration rules, help each other abroad, connect as a diaspora, and discuss important diaspora topics. Our findings are relevant beyond academia, as many international and governmental agencies are trying to assist migrants through technology; they also point to several missed opportunities for these organizations.

Tax and Spending in the 2020s

Tax and Spending in the 2020s

Joint Educational Programs of Russia and China: Status and Problems of Implementation

The article focuses on the current state and the problems concerning implementing joint educational programs by Russia and China. The author dwells on the concept of the joint educational program, proposes a classification of joint educational programs, including joint degree programs (joint diploma), double degree programs (double diplomas), and the program of included training. The analysis of visiting Russian-Chinese and inbound Sino-Russian joint educational programs as at 2018 was carried out. The problems and obstacles of joint educational programs implementation by Russia and China are revealed, among which are: legislation problems, problems of the language of instruction, problems of the cost of education, the necessary information support. The most serious problems relate to the legislation. First of all, it is the uncertainty concerning the meaning of the term “joint educational program” in the legislation framework. The attendant problems are licensing and accreditation of joint programs, award of diplomas, asymmetry between the number of visiting and inbound programs. The author comes to a conclusion that the legislation framework in the sphere of joint educational programs should include the following items: enrolment rules for foreign students in Russian universities; mechanisms of recognition of mobility periods and credits transfer for foreign participants of joint programs, migration rules of short-term courses.

Seismic Activity and Seismic Cone Tectonics on the West Coast of the United States

In the west coast of the United States, there are frequent strong earthquakes and volcanic activities in the crust, high accuracy of the earthquake catalogue, so it is the best choice to study prediction of strong earthquakes and volcanoes, and there are two different types of seismic cone tectonics, volcanic type and intracrustal strong seismicity type, so it becomes the epitome of global earthquake prediction research, rarer. In this paper, according to the data of ANSS earthquake catalogue in the United States, using the Seismo-Geothermic Theory and its methods, the images were processed such as the planar distribution images and the three-dimensional images of the general earthquakes, subcrustal earthquakes, intracrustal strong earthquakes and volcanic eruption and the sequence diagrams of subcrustal earthquakes in the study area, as well as theory explanation of their relations with the San Andreas Fault. According to this idea, the volcanic origin and precursory information of U01 mini seismic cone tectonic were firstly studied, then the causes of intracrustal strong seismicity of U02 mini seismic cone tectonic and their migration rules were studied. The precursory information of M7.1 earthquake on July 6, 2019, was analyzed and summarized in U02 mini seismic cone tectonic, and a basic method for handling similar events in the future was given. In this paper, it thinks strong earthquake and volcanic disaster are from deep mantle heat energy, rather than the result of the independence movement of surface structure. Therefore, it finds the most natural energy of causes of seismicity and volcanic activity and opens a new direction for the prediction research of earthquakes and volcanoes.

Формы взаимодействия низкоквалифицированных трудовых мигрантов и работодателей в принимающих обществах (на примере Греции, России и Франции)

Павел Петрович Лисицын – к. с.н., доцент, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет; Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: fox_sociology@mail.ru
 Александр Михайлович Степанов – научный сотрудник, Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет; ассистент, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Электронная почта: 9160001@inbox
 Статья рассматривает формы взаимодействия между участниками процесса трудовой миграции: низкоквалифицированными внешними трудовыми мигрантами и работодателями в Греции, России и Франции. Эти страны характеризуются различной миграционной политикой, но сходны в том, что на их рынках труда присутствует значительное число низко- и неквалифицированных трудовых мигрантов. Эмпирический материал, который служит основой для анализа, собран в ходе серии исследований в девяти крупных городах (Москва, Санкт-Петербург, Иваново, Самара, Ростов-на-Дону, Тольятти; Афины, Салоники; Париж) в 2016–2017 гг. Авторами проведено 186 качественных фокусированных интервью с внешними трудовыми мигрантами, выполняющими низко- и неквалифицированную работу; с их работодателями; с представителями государственных учреждений, в чьи обязанности входит работа с мигрантами; с представителями посредников, введенных работодателями, трудовыми мигрантами или государством для отстаивания интересов соответствующих субъектов. Трудовые мигранты в России были гражданами Узбекистана и Таджикистана, трудовые мигранты во Франции – Марокко, Украины и России, в Греции – России и Украины. По характеру труда информанты представляли типичные сферы занятости мигрантов: строительство, текстильную индустрию, торговлю, сферу обслуживания. Отталкиваясь от различия между формальными (юридическими) и неформальными правилами, реализующимися в повседневных практиках акторов, авторы выделяют практики и условия взаимодействия между трудовым мигрантом и работодателем, определяемые балансом социально-экономических интересов участников: (1) «серое» правовое поле для мигрантов; (2) спрос на неквалифицированную иностранную рабочую силу на средних и крупных предприятиях; (3) «мигрантизацию» секторов экономики с возможностью формирования этнических экономических ниш; (4) прекарное положение мигрантов на принимающей территории. Представленные формы взаимодействия не только закрепляются, воспроизводятся и транслируются в повседневных практиках, но и поддерживаются участниками, несмотря на их противоречие формальным юридическим правилам.

Transformation of Migration Rules from Local to Global

In the 21st century, the scope and the size of migration are more different than previous centuries. The reason behind this is that there are no more global wars or conflicts between states and the economic developments reached the highest levels for some of the countries. Moreover, states try to increase their industrial level. Hence, the conflicts and the economic development level shape migration routes and the destination country. In this context, I will utilize geopolitics and economic development levels to classify countries. As a result of the end of global conflicts and global war, economic conditions became main determinant for migrations in the globalized world in the 21st century. In the 20th century, the scope of migration was small compared to 21st century because of various reasons. Standardized education and high level industrialization are of two main reasons. In the 21st century, the industrialization hit the top level of the world history and education took standardized structure among particular countries. In this research, all countries will be examined in detail with respect to UN Data. Furthermore, the following questions are targeted to be answered: Does migration flow from less developed countries to developed countries? Do developed countries accommodate more immigrants in their borders?

A real-time and reliable dynamic migration model for concurrent taskflow in a GPU cluster

High performance GPU clusters are widely used for massive amount of concurrent dataflow processing, and have higher requirements for real-time, reliability and flexibility. However, the higher computational intensiveness and resources utilization lead to excessively high system temperature and power consumption, and even result in instantaneous failures. In this paper, we present a real-time and efficient dynamic taskflow migration approach (DTMA) based on a computing cluster. Firstly, we propose our basic theoretical models. Among them, the cluster communication model elaborates on all the communication paths and calculates the communication overhead of different migration modes. Secondly, on the basis of theoretical models and multiple instances analysis, our taskflow migration rules are summarized, and the rules help to balance cluster resources utilization and improve the overall performance of GPUs. Thirdly, the DTMA adjusts the cluster task allocation by utilizing performance and power consumption aware migration approach. This is done to reduce single node power consumption and enhance system reliability by shifting the current GPU load to other available GPU (GPUs). Moreover, the DTMA uses a circular queue to store resources information of available GPUs for better task scheduling. We evaluate the effect of DTMA through analyzing power consumption, temperature, fan speed and migration cost with different experiments. The experiment results demonstrate that DTMA is able to improve the performance and reliability of our cluster computing system, and reduce instantaneous failures.

Automated metamodel/model co-evolution: A search-based approach

Context: Metamodels evolve over time to accommodate new features, improve existing designs, and fix errors identified in previous releases. One of the obstacles that may limit the adaptation of new metamodels by developers is the extensive manual changes that have been applied to migrate existing models. Recent studies addressed the problem of automating the metamodel/model co-evolution based on manually defined migration rules. The definition of these rules requires the list of changes at the metamodel level which are difficult to fully identify. Furthermore, different possible alternatives may be available to translate a metamodel change to a model change. Thus, it is hard to generalize these co-evolution rules.Objective: We propose an alternative automated approach for the metamodel/model co-evolution. The proposed approach refines an initial model instantiated from the previous metamodel version to make it as conformant as possible to the new metamodel version by finding the best compromise between three objectives, namely minimizing (i) the non-conformities with new metamodel version, (ii) the changes to existing models, and (iii) the textual and structural dissimilarities between the initial and revised models.Method: We formulated the metamodel/model co-evolution as a multi-objective optimization problem to handle the different conflicting objectives using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO).Results: We evaluated our approach on several evolution scenarios extracted from different widely used metamodels. The results confirm the effectiveness of our approach with average manual correctness, precision and recall respectively higher than 91%, 88% and 89% on the different co-evolution scenarios.Conclusion: A comparison with our previous work confirms the out-performance of our multi-objective formulation.

Stability control of air pollutant diffusion in Weakly Decaying Delayed States

At present, the air pollution problem in our country is prominent and the air pollution is getting more and more serious. Air pollution poses a great threat to the life and health of everyone and the development of the whole society and economy. In order to effectively carry out the air pollution control, we need to accurately grasp the air pollutants in the air diffusion and migration rules, the use of aerodynamic model of weak attenuation of air pollutant particles diffusion model was studied, the Gaussian Diffusion Model The basic structure, the method of parameter determination and the secondary development of GIS were studied deeply. The mathematical model of air pollutant diffusion was constructed by the close coupling method. Furthermore, the aerodynamic analysis of air pollutant particles diffusion under weak decay conditions is given, and the decay control of air pollutants under steady meteorological conditions that are unfavourable to diffusion is pointed out. After visualizing the diffusion results, it can directly and accurately grasp the influence range of pollutants, provide strong support for the research and governance of atmospheric pollution, and at the same time, provide a scientific basis for emergency treatment of sudden atmospheric pollution incidents.

Study on Detection and Perniciousness of Migrating Plasticizerin Food Packaging of Roadside Stalls

This article focuses on the roadside stall foods that people eat in daily life as the research object, and concludes the plasticizer migration rules and characterization methods in food contact materials. We changed the experimental methods of existing food simulants and adopted real foods. Various types of foods were extracted and purified and detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain data on the migration amount of plasticizers in roadside food plastic packaging. At the same time, the relationship between the level of migration and the chemical composition of packaging materials, food categories, contact time, and exposure temperature was obtained. The work intends to alert people to pay attention to unhealthy habits in daily life, and to propose a series of feasible recommendations to keep people away from the hazards of plasticizers.

Discretion of Member States Vis-à-vis Public Security: Unveiling the Labyrinth uf EU Migration Rules

Summary The article focuses on the public security exception as it is used in EU migration law. It opens with the public security grounds as they appear in the EU internal market rules and consequently in EU external relations. A special attention is paid to public security restrictions under the Directive 2004/114 as it was interpreted in case Fahimian. The article adds a comparison to other documents in EU external relations and their referrals to public security. The main perspective is the discretion attributed to Member States and their authorities when they apply public security exception especially in relation to regular migration.

Overlapping community detection based on discrete biogeography optimization

Community detection can be used to help mine the potential information in social networks, and uncovering community structures in social networks can be regarded as clustering optimization problems. In this paper, an overlapping community detection algorithm based on biogeography optimization is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm takes the method of label propagation based on local max degree and neighborhood overlap for initial network partitioning. The preliminary partition result used to construct initial population by cloning and mutating to accelerate the algorithm’s convergence. Next, to make biogeography optimization algorithm suitable for community detection, we design problem-specific migration rules and mutation operators based on a novel affinity degree to improve the effectiveness of the algorithm. Experiments on benchmark test data, including two synthetic networks and four real-world networks, show that the proposed algorithm can achieve results with better accuracy and stability than the compared evolutionary algorithms.

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Trace Element Migration in Karst Critical Zone:An Example of Jiguan Cave, Henan

To explore the temporal and spatial variations and the process of trace element migration in the karst critical zone, continuous fixed-point monitoring and sampling analysis was applied to measure each cave system component, which includes rainfall, soils, bedrock, drip waters, and their aerial sediment. Approximately 650 experimental data were obtained from October 2009 to May 2015 in a typical karst critical zone in north China-an interactive zone of the Jiguan Cave in the west Henan Province. The variations in and the migration rules of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, and δ13C as well as their ratios to different components were studied. The results show that:① Soil and bedrock are the main sources of drip water. The values of Mg, Ba, and Sr are consistent with the "soil-bedrock" two end-members model and their respective proportions are 43.6:56.4, 1.01:98.09, and 47.2:52.8. ② From the spatial perspective, element migration of each component in the cave system interactive zone is interrelated. Drip water inherits the signals of the soil and bedrock and the modern sediment can continue the element information of the drip water. Elements in the soil profile cause the leaching and deposition effect and the subsoil better inherits the information of trace elements in the bedrock. ③ From the temporal perspective, the migration of elements in the cave system interactive zone is complex. Because of the leaching effect, soil and drip water show obvious seasonal discrepancies. However, under the influence of karst water migration path, the prior calcite precipitation (PCP), and extreme arid and annual precipitation type, the seasonal discrepancy in the element concentrations in drip water is smaller than in soil. The PCP effect, selective leaching, and other factors change the continuity of elements released from sediment to drip water. ④ In order to systematically and comprehensively ascertain the trace element migration in the karst critical zone and energy transformation rules, the study of cave system should be based on the research of the cave's critical zone and should consider comprehensive information ranging from the atmospheric origins to secondary sediments.