Migration In Rural Areas Research Articles

Invisibility and (Dis)Integration: Examining the Meaning of Migrant Inclusion in Everyday Lived Experience in Rural Areas

The settlement of migrants in rural areas that are facing population decline has gained increased attention in recent years as an economic, social, and political issue, as well as an opportunity for development for local communities. Studies have primarily focused on investigating whether and how migrants are integrated and included within these areas. This article adopts a fresh perspective by examining how the meaning of “integration” and “inclusion” is given shape by residents and migrant workers themselves. Our research centres on a small rural town in Sardinia, where individuals from Romania and West Africa have relocated to fill job positions traditionally held by Italians. Based on participant observation and in‐depth interviews, we examine the everyday experiences of residents and migrants to develop an understanding of the lived realities of integration and inclusion. In doing so, the article calls into question the perceived value of these processes for the very individuals that are supposed to benefit from them.

Regulation of labor migration in rural areas

Goal – the article examines the process of outflow of highly qualified specialists from rural areas, its reasons, since this trend is relevant for the Republic of Kazakhstan and the world community. Methods – retrospective analysis, demographic and economic statistics, index, graphic, comparisons and generalizations. Results – the main directions of Kazakhstan’s migration policy are considered. The authors analyzed data on the number and share of the urban and rural population in the republic, based on statistics. The balance of interregional migration is presented, since demographic and economic results affect the economy regardless of its level of development. Conclusions – attention is focused on the process of urbanization in the context of globalization, which negatively affects the number of rural residents. Internal migration is interconnected with international migration, the possibility of moving to other states. Currently, migration processes in the country have undergone changes, due to the transformation of values and migration factors, which represent specific results of the current stage of socio-economic and political development of Kazakhstan, which is confirmed by analytical information from 2013 to 2023. Government measures, reflected in resettlement programs, are aimed at stimulating national economy, quantitative transformations of the ethnic composition in the receiving areas, as well as modifications in the structure of labor market. Current issues of labor migration: labor shortage, natural and migration population decline. Tracking these indicators is difficult due to the unorganized labor market, labor intensity of this work and the need for significant financial resources.

Differentiated Borders of Belonging and Exclusion: European Migrants in Rural Areas in Iceland

This article addresses questions of difference, positionality, and belonging from the perspectives of international migrants living and working in rural communities in Iceland. With the recent integration of rural areas into the global economy, small villages and towns have undergone rapid social transformation. The development of new industries and growing tourism in these localities has attracted many international migrants. The share of migrants in the local populations oscillates between 10% to 50%, depending on the town, with the majority coming from Europe. Commonly, they make up the greater part of workers in service jobs and manual labour in rural towns and villages. This article builds on data from ethnographic field research over 15 months in five parts of Iceland located outside of the capital region. Based on the analysis of interviews with migrants, we examine different perceptions of affinity and belonging and explore their experiences of inclusion and exclusion. To what extent do migrants see themselves as part of local communities? How do they narrate their social positions in those places? The discussion highlights how social stratification and hierarchy affect migrants’ experiences of inclusion as commonly displayed in the interviews. Furthermore, we elaborate on how notions of relatedness and otherness reflect inherited ideas of Europe and contemporary divergent geopolitical positions.

Religious Communitisation of Migrants in Rural Areas

Religious Communitisation of Migrants in Rural Areas

A longitudinal analysis of arrival infrastructures: The geographic pathways of EU labour migrants in the Netherlands

AbstractAlthough traditional migration research focuses predominantly on large cities as ports of entry for migrants, increasingly more migrants start in smaller cities and rural areas. These mobility patterns give access to specific arrival infrastructures with differentiated and often unequal opportunities. Current research has addressed the multiplicity and political nature of arrival infrastructures, but what happens after arrival remains a black box. By building on micro register data, this study employs a longitudinal approach to trace the trajectories of EU labour migrants in the Netherlands across time and space. Our findings indicate that among those who choose to remain in the Netherlands, internal migration is largely characterized by geographical immobility. When people did move to a different type of residential location, it was often to more urbanized places. As mostly migrants with a higher income made these moves, this strengthened the dualization of more precarious migrants in rural areas and more well‐off migrants in larger cities.

Migración por amenidades en la ruralidad de América Latina

Amenity migration demonstrates a conscious desire to migrate to rural areas, in most casesinfluenced by the attraction of natural or cultural comforts. The objectiveof this articleisto examine research trends on amenity migration in rural areas, metropolitan rural areas, and intermediate cities in Latin America. The methodconsisted ofa qualitative design framed within a state-of-the-art review. In the results,the different conceptual terms used to describe this phenomenonare detailed,the Latin American countries where these migratory flows occuraregeoreferenced,and the theoretical and methodological approaches of the studies are also expanded upon. The discussionhighlights the gaps in current research and the challenges for studying these new human mobilities.

A Study on Understanding Placeness and Immigrant-related Social Issues in Rural Areas and Determining the Overarching Characteristics

Background and objective: The influx of foreign workers has also increased in South Korea over the past 20 years due to the global labour movement between countries and the labour shortage caused by the aging of South Korea. In the case of rural areas, the youth age group was insufficient, and the aging population was more serious, so the dependence on foreign manpower was inevitably higher. In rural areas through the influx of foreign workers, spaces reflecting their culture are emerging. The purpose of this study is to provide implications for resolving issues of overseas migrants by analysing recent Korean and foreign research trends and characteristics of overseas migrants in rural areas, with a focus on placeness.Methods: To address the aim this study utilised bibliometric analysis employing visualization of similarities (VOS) viewer program for overseas research collected from Scopus document search and Netminer program for South Korea research drawn from Korean Citation Index (KCI) database.Results: This study determined that first, since the 2000s, there has been an increase in related overseas research. However, there were only 382 studies covering all of ‘place,’ ‘immigrant,’ and ‘rural,’ and the number was even lower in South Korea. Second, in research on overseas immigrants in rural areas based on place, community and health were identified as major issues. Third, the difference in research issues between overseas and South Korea was analysed by the degree of community and the approach to health issues. As a result, this study concluded that social inclusion should be addressed first through community and health issues.Conclusion: Through research characteristics related to ‘place’, ‘immigrant’ and ‘rural’ at home and abroad, the placeness of overseas immigrants in rural areas has brought up issues of community and health. However, more importantly, concluding remark is that social consensus on social inclusion should be prioritised to contextualise these issues.

Growing superdiverse, growing apart—Modes of incorporation of international migrants in rural areas

AbstractThis article analyses the perceived impact of international migration on host rural communities from the perspectives of local stakeholders. Based on in‐depth interviews conducted in two rural locales in Norway, we identify a consensus about the indispensability of international labour migrants for the demographic and economic sustenance of the host rural communities. At the same time, the perspectives of stakeholders convey a complex picture of labour migration. The perceived impact of international migration is related to the tempo of migration and to the prior local history of migration that affects how it is represented and handled locally. Depending on the context, international migration may be treated as a common‐place phenomenon or as a force that profoundly affects the conception of the local community. Our findings illustrate a socio‐spatial variation of responses to international migration locally and suggest the emergence of new local social divisions along the growing superdiversity of rural communities.

Migration in rural areas of Ethno-national regions of the Russian Federation: trends and consequences

This article analyzes the aspects of rural migration in the Russian Federation, highlighting its importance for the sustainable development of the regions. Particular attention is paid to migration in the ethno-national regions of the country, where it is considered as a complex and volatile phenomenon that has a profound impact on economic well-being, social infrastructure, cultural development and demographic structure of both donor and recipient regions. The authors analyze in detail both positive and negative aspects of migration flows in rural areas, including their impact on the labor market, entrepreneurial activity and social stability. Changes in the social life of rural communities caused by migration and the impact of these changes on traditional lifestyles and cultural values are also considered. The article is based on statistical data on the scale of migration of ethnonational regions for 2010-2022. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of socio-economic, demographic and socio-cultural aspects of rural migration, with an emphasis on the ethnonational characteristics of the regions. Quantitative analysis of statistical data and qualitative analysis of current migration trends were used. The article presents an innovative analysis of the role of ethnic factors in migration processes and their impact on socio-cultural dynamics in recipient cities of the Russian Federation, including large cities such as Moscow, Ufa, Kazan, Makhachkala and Cheboksary. The basics of how rural population migration affects urban processes such as housing construction, infrastructure development and social integration are highlighted. The authors emphasize the need for coordinated actions of regional and federal authorities in managing migration flows and solving related problems. The directions for future research are proposed, including the analysis of the consequences of migration for the socio-economic and cultural environment of cities and the development of adaptation strategies for migrants, taking into account their ethnic and cultural identity. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of migration processes for the social and economic development of Russia.

The Impact of Land Property Right on China’s Rural-urban Migration

In this paper, we study the impact of land property rights on migration in rural areas. We use whether property rights are well protected as a judgment to verify the impact between the two. We used data from 2013 and 2014 for our analysis. From the probit chart, we can conclude that when land property rights are well protected, people will choose to emigrate. We used the rental ratio to confirm that land rights were well protected. When property rights are not well protected people will stay where they are. We use government acquisition of land to analyze that land rights are not well protected.

Consequences of Rural Out-migration in District Pauri Garhwal Uttarakhand

The study was carried out in the year 2020-2022. The study examined the consequences of out-migration in the district Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; as migration is one of the most concerned topics in the state. Data was obtained through a primary questionnaire-based surveys & secondary sources. In the study random stratified sampling is done. It examined the socio-economic characteristics of the studied area. The study found that agriculture & Allied activities like livestock, fruit & vegetable processing units or forest-based products are and may become a prime source of income in the Hill rural district. There is significant evidence that out-migration is helping rural families to improve their personal well being through remittances, but it also has an adverse impact in the form of permanent migration and workload over women. In the last decade approximately 5 lakh people migrated temporarily or permanently from the state (URDMC 2018). Out of these, 42% were of 26 to 35 years’ old. Out-migration is affecting various traditional systems of rural areas. The study finds that people are migrating in search of employment from Hill areas to Plains Urban centres. The study supports the policy which may increase the income of rural people and demote migration in rural areas.

Constraining labour: The integration dynamics of working‐class horticultural migrants in rural areas of Norway, the UK and the US

AbstractThis article argues that many low‐wage migrants moving to work in rural areas of the developed world end up in very specific and precarious employment and housing contexts: working in temporary/seasonal jobs within horticultural labour markets and often living in employer‐provided tied accommodation. This context—which we profile by drawing on qualitative case study evidence from Norway, the UK and the US—makes integration virtually impossible. It is only after moving on from precarious temporary/seasonal work and out from tied accommodation that rural integration becomes viable. Yet even then, the integration of these workers is often limited. Migrants are largely ‘quarantined’ and separate and invisible from the host society. Not surprisingly, migrants tend to treat their lack of rural integration as ‘liminal’, that is, a temporary and in‐between life stage. They also engage in ‘transnational simultaneity’ by maintaining family/communal relations back home, whilst focusing largely on work in the host country. This liminality and transnational simultaneity help working‐class migrants survive their quarantined lives.

Temporality and space in highly skilled migrants’ experiences of education and work in the rural north of Sweden

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to critically explore and analyse opportunities and obstacles faced by highly skilled migrants in rural areas seeking to re-enter their profession, focusing on the lived experiences of migrants residing in northern Sweden. Analysis of their stories focusing on intersections of temporal and spatial positionings reveal different lived experiences and opportunities depending on migration regime and policy, gender, age and family situation, profession and labour market needs. However, similar challenges also emerged related to rurality such as rural dismantling and poverty of access to (and support for) both adult education generally and specific fast tracks for highly skilled migrants, with accompanying risks of deskilling and marginalisation. The stories also indicate that the rural idyll tends to provide closer social networks than those in cities, thereby increasing opportunities for re-entry to former professions. However, workfare policies and devaluation of foreign credentials lead to requirements for re-education to re-enter former professions or undertake other work (high- or low-level) that are particularly difficult to meet in rural settings.

Migration in rural areas and its effect on labour resources

Introduction. When analysing the labour resources of the Lipetsk Region, we noticed that there have been no significant changes. However, a large number of researches stress that rural areas face a significant population outflow. The analysis of the statistics demonstrated that there is a two-way migration to and from rural areas: while some of the population migrates from rural areas to cities, there are also people who move from cities to rural areas. Therefore, we suggest that the migration processes occurring in rural areas are more complicated. Purpose. The purpose of our study was to determine the scale and direction of migration flows in rural areas, the causes of migration, and the effect of migration on the labour resources in rural areas. Methodology. The study was based on statistical data from Lipetskstat and information on labour resources from the Department of Labour and Employment of the Lipetsk Region. The study employed statistical methods, economic analysis, correlation-regression analysis, interpretation, and logical methods. Results. The study demonstrated that a large portion of the region’s population (up to 20%, including both those leaving and those arriving) is involved in the migration process. In 2012-2018, the migration gain in the rural areas of the Lipetsk Region was 5,867 people, with the overall migration rate being quite high. However, the migration rate varies greatly depending on the municipal body: half of them saw a loss, while others saw a gain. Over half of the migrants move within the region, and a third moved to or from other regions. The factors making a particular rural area attractive for migration are the following: proximity to the regional capital city, industrial areas, good ecology, and good infrastructure. Conclusions. The study demonstrated that migration has little influence on the number of workers in rural areas. The main cause of migration from rural areas is the lack of qualified jobs with competitive salaries.

Back to the Countryside: Rural Development and the Spatial Patterns of Population Migration in Zhejiang, China

This study examines how rural development in China shapes new trends in population migration. Using first-hand, village-level data from Zhejiang—an economically developed province in China—we investigated the patterns and influencing factors of population migration between rural and urban areas. We conceptualized three types of migration in rural areas: rural out-migration, rural in-migration, and rural return-migration. First-hand data were collected from 347 villages. The results show that although rural out-migration remains the dominant form of migration, rural in-migration and return-migration are also common, and the latter two are positively correlated. Further, we found evidence to support the conclusion that rural economic, social, and spatial development encourages rural in-migration and return-migration but does not have a significant impact on rural out-migration. Therefore, it is foreseeable that rural in-migration and return-migration will become increasingly common in China.

On the role of cultures of (out-)migration in the migration decisions of young people in shrinking regions of Central Germany

Abstract. The patterns, motivations, and consequences of the outmigration of young adults from rural areas is a classic topic in population geography. In our paper, we first take a critical look at statistical analyses and cartographic representations of migration patterns of young adults in rural areas using Central Germany1 as an example, stressing the shortcomings of quantitative analyses of residential mobility. We argue that migration is a complex social process, taking place as the result of the interplay of demographic, socio-structural, political, economic, and production-related factors involving the mobile individuals, as well as other actors, discourses, and practices. Following this, we discuss the emergence of cultures of (out-)migration in rural areas characterised by heightened mobility over longer periods of time and possible approaches to analyse such regional phenomena. We hence aim at a deepening of the concept of “culture of migration” and an expansion of the debate on motives and practices of migration to include psychological approaches, as well as a complex systems perspective.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ОЦЕНКИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЭКОЛОГО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКОГО ФАКТОРА НА ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ КОНФЛИКТЫ

The deterioration of the environmental conditions of human life, climate change and forced (climate) migration have become part of the most crucial global challenges over the past few decades. This article is devoted to the analysis of contemporary scientific studies of the impact of weakening environmental capacity and climatic changes on ethnic conflicts and their specific features in the world regions. Present paper provides research outlook on the base of comparative studies and country cases overview that define the influence of an unfavorable environment and climate hazards on the intergroup conflicts and ethnic violence. The research overview also focuses on the relationship between the development on research area itself with the contemporary public and political agenda of ecology and climate change. The main focus of attention is directed to the chain of relationships between the environmental changes and forced (climate) migration in relation to the processes of urbanization and internal migration within agricultural regions. Such studies overview geography of the environmental risks and identify countries of East and West Africa, as well as South Asia, as the most exposed to given climate risks. The number of studies on the countries of East and West Africa give the most evident perspective on the link between forced environment-driven migration and conflict. On the one hand, destabilization of inter-ethnic relations and the emergence of inter-ethnic violence are driven by the regional processes of urbanization that form the cities with "double fragility" with undeveloped infrastructure, economic and status inequality of ethnic groups and communities and weakened by the push-pull model of forced (climate) migration. On another — studies of forced agricultural migration in rural areas show the mechanisms of ethno-cultural differences, different status positions and in-group favoritism of the regional authorities as the conditions of ethnic grievance and violence. As a result, it is hard to underestimate the importance of justice as a condition and principle for robust strategies for adaptation to environmental changes and building of inter-ethnic trust.

Socio-Cultural Transformation in Rural Areas on the Lombok Island: Implications of International Migration in the Origin Regions of Indonesian Workers

The socio-cultural transformation due to international migration in rural areas of the island of Lombok is not widely known because studies of these socio-cultural aspects are still limited. This study aims to reveal and explain the socio-cultural transformation that occurs in the rural areas of the island of Lombok. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews, moderate participant observation, life history analysis, and focus group discussions. Data analysis after data collection was carried out by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. Also, the validity of the data collected was traced with degrees: trustworthiness, transferability, dependence, and degree of certainty. The results showed the socio-cultural transformation in the area of origin, namely: increasing the degree and quality of education of household members, the more proportional the division of labor between women and men, changes in the lifestyle of household members, the more adaptive society is to values and norms that are seen as modern, the development of rural social institutions as a network system for international migration, and the growing social unrest and problems in the areas of origin of the workforce .

Assessing health impacts of an environmental pan-African development project: A migration perspective.

The general objective of this article is to analyze to what extent the implementation of the Great Green Wall project is likely to disrupt migratory movements towards the rural environment and, consequently, the socio-economic structures and health status of local populations. This study was carried out in 2015 on a population sample of 500 individuals living in the municipality of Tessekere, constructed using the quota method. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, migratory status and self-rated health of individuals were collected during face-to-face interviews. Statistical analyses used were Chi-square tests, student and binary logistic regressions. Results show that internal migrants in the municipality of Tessekere represent 13.40% of the study population. Migrants more often work as civil servants, artisans, craft workers or traders than the region's native population, who are generally livestock breeders or jobless. While place of birth does not play a significant role, it appears that the length of residence of migrants in rural areas influences health status: migrants residing in the municipality of Tessekere for less than 10 years are less likely to report poor health, regardless of their sex, age, occupation, material well-being and perceived stress. In conclusion, an environmental requirement (combating desertification), addressed by an international political project - the Great Green Wall - and then applied at the national level, has transformed the demographic, economic and health structure of a local population. In conclusion, our study showed that (1) an examination of migration can offer a means of interpreting the impact of development projects and the local changes they entail, and (2) migration is a unique prism through which one can study how exposure to a new physical and social environment influences the health of populations.

New development, old migration, and governance at two villages in Jeneponto, Indonesia

The governance factor is rarely considered as an issue that contributes significantly to the development and migration in rural areas. This article aims to examine the relations between governance, migration, and development in rural areas in Indonesia. The primary analysis to understand why and how the patterns of old migration persist after new development in rural areas has increased. Our study finds that old migration continued due to the livelihoods, community-based economic empowerment, human resources, and rural environment problems, which did not change after the emergence of new development in the villages. We described that the lack of village governance response to the new development sustains the old migration. Through the case of two villages, we drew an argument that the weakness of rural development in suppressing the migration flow, was mainly due to the lack of governance. Therefore, local rural capacity is the primary policy option is urgently required to solve governance problems in the development and migration of rural areas.