Middle Euphrates Research Articles

Imatinib Mesylate Adherence in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Data from Middle Euphrates Region of Iraq

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represents about one quarter of leukemia cases in our region making it a great challenge to the health system. Aims: Since adherence to imatinib contributes to optimal cytogenetic and molecular responses in CML patients, ours. study tries to evaluate imatinib adherence in Middle Euphrates region of Iraq. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in Al- Hussein cancer center in Karbala province of Iraq between November 2011 and August 2019. There were 67 CML patients treated with imatinib, their adherence was assessed by using the 9-items Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, while response was evaluated by measuring BCR-ABL1 transcription level in peripheral blood. Results: Only 26.87% of our patients were adherent. Unavailability of drug was the most common cause of poor adherence in 73.13% of patients. Patients with good adherence were more likely to achieve an optimum response (P value =0.007). Conclusion: Our results showed that adherence to imatinib was very low in our region. Economic factor (Unaffordable drug prices) was the main cause leading to suboptimal response. Therefore, efforts should be made to provide drugs to our patients. That will help in improve adherence and treatment outcomes.

Assessment of Psychological Wellbeing Among Elderly Residents at Nursing Homes in Middle Euphrates

As people get older, may show shifts in the main sources that contribute to their well-being, in responseto the changing circumstances and abilities inherent in aging. The relocation to care homes considered asstressful event for the elderly people. A descriptive study is carried throughout the present study in orderto achieve the early stated objectives. The selection of the sample through a non - probability purposivesample consist of 60 elderly persons that are selected from the total population of elderly residents at nursinghomes. The data is collected by means of Ryff scales of psychological well-being (shorten version) . Thedata is collected by using structured interview technique with the elderly residents in nursing homes. Theanalysis indicates that the highest percentage of the elderly’s group have moderate level of psychologicalwellbeing (mean of score=3.29) (81.67%). The level of psychological well-being is affected by their gender.The study recommends to focus on managing the problems existing among the elderly and monitoring theirpsychological state.

Health Personnel Practices Regarding Waste Management in the Delivery Room at the Middle Euphrates Teaching Hospitals

Literatures proved that waste management is the most important and effective infection prevention andcontrol measure to prevent the spread of microorganisms causing HAIs is considering a vital intervention topromote optimum patient safety in delivery room. Aim of the study; This study conducted to assess wastemanagement practices of health care personnel in the delivery room at the middle Euphrates teachinghospitals. Methods; A Descriptive research design begin in 20th February to 26th May 2016, Current studysample involve all midwives and physicians in the delivery room (Total coverage.). Questionnaire usedfor data collection by interview forms and observational checklist was obtain from the extensive review ofrelevant literature and related studies Data analyzed through utilize (SPSS) software version (16) where,included descriptive analysis and inferential data analysis. The study conducted among 37 physicians and97 midwives working in the delivery room are females.Results: The current study indicate that good overall evaluation for the health staff practices concerningwaste management at Karbala while fair overall evaluation at Babylon, Diwaniah and Al-Najaf with highlysignificant in health staff practices regarding waste management and the different studied governoratesat p-value less than 0.01. Conclusion: based on the finding of present study majority of health carepersonnel have fair applies related to waste management practices at different studied governorate hospitals.Recommendations: Updating practice of health care personnel through continuing in-service educationalprograms. Regular inspection and follow-up from the ministry of health for assurances good wastemanagement, the important of exist motivation system and punishment system to the neglected health carepersonnel

Health Personnel Practices Regarding Prevention of Sharp Injuries in the Delivery Room at the Middle Euphrates Teaching Hospitals

Literatures proved that prevention of sharp injuries are the most important and effective infection preventionand control measures to prevent the spread of microorganisms causing hospital Acquired infections. Aim ofthe study; This study conducted to assess personal protective equipment practices of health care personnelin the delivery room at the Middle Euphrates Teaching Hospitals. Methods; A Descriptive research designbegin in 20th February to 26th May 2016, Current study sample involve all midwives and physicians in thedelivery room (Total coverage.). Questionnaire used for data collection by interview forms and observationalchecklist was obtain from the extensive review of relevant literature and related studies Data analyzed throughutilize (SPSS) software version (16) where, included descriptive analysis and inferential data analysis. Thestudy conducted among 37 physicians and 97 midwives working in the delivery room are females.Results: Overall scores of practices related to prevention of sharp injuries in the four studied hospitalswere was good at Karbala (2.77) and Al-Najaf (2.37), while fair at Babylon (1.79) and Diwaniah (2.26).The present study has also indicated that there are a highly significant in health staff practices regardingprevention of sharp injuries and the different studied governorates at p-value less than 0.01.Conclusion: Based on the finding of present study health care personnel have good practices at Karbala andAl-Najaf, while fair at Babylon and Diwaniah.Recommendations: Updating practice of health care personnel through continuing in-service educationalprograms. Regular inspection and follow-up from the Ministry of Health for assurances good practicesregarding prevention of sharp injuries, the important of exist motivation system and punishment system tothe neglected health care personnel.

The Moderating Role Of Environmental Turbulence In Enhancing The Relationship Between Absorptive Capacity And Strategic Innovation

The current research examines the moderating role of environmental turbulence with its dimensions (market turbulent , technological turbulent) in enhancing the relationship between absorptive capacity in its dimensions (knowledge acquisition, knowledge assimilation, knowledge transformation, knowledge Exploitation) and strategic innovation in its dimensions (innovation in business models, innovation in providing superior value to customers, innovation in discovering new markets). The research sample included (112) individuals from the managers at Zain Telecom in the main centers, branches and departments in Baghdad and the governance of the Middle Euphrates (Qadisiyah, Babil, Ashraf Najaf, Holy Karbala, Muthanna). The research depended on the descriptive analytical method and the questionnaire in collecting data and information, in addition to a set of statistical tools including (mean, standard deviation, simple correlation, multiple regression, structural modeling equation). The research found that there is relationship for the dimensions of absorptive capacity in strategic innovation, and that environmental turbulence (market turbulence and technological turbulence) significantly enhances the relationship between absorptive capacity and strategic innovation.

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms BsmI (rs 1544410) and TaqI rs (731236) with the type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraqi Patients from the middle Euphrates region

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a condition with a defect in insulin secretion and insulin function. Some of the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms related to increasing the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods400 patients and 400 healthy controls age-matched were enrolled in this study. BsmI (rs1544410) and TaqI (rs731236) were analyzed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). After extraction of DNA, VDR BsmI and TaqI polymorphisms genotyped by using RFLP. Anthropometric data were calculated, and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D, HDL, TG, VLDL, total cholesterol, and insulin level were measured. ResultsThe bb, Bb and b allele of rs 1544410 has been significantly linked to an high risk of developing type 2 DM [OR = 2.75, p = 0.000 ], [OR = 2.17, P = 0.001] and [OR = 2.02, p = 0.000] respectively. The SNP were correlated with a high risk of T2DM in the various inheritance models, dominant [OR = 2.24, P = 0.000], and recessive[OR = 1.95, p = 0.001]. TG, VLDL, and HDL are shown significant differences in co-dominant patterns among genotypes in the patient's group. TaqI polymorphism of VDR in this study shows revealed insignificant differences between study subjects. HDL is only shown significant differences in among patient group study. ConclusionOur results revealed that the BsmI rs1544410 SNP has correlated with the risk of incident type 2 DM, while VDR TaqI polymorphism is no associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Iraqi population.

Harvesting cereals at Dja’de el-Mughara in the northern Levant: New results through microtexture analysis of Early PPNB sickle gloss (11th millennium cal BP)

The origin of cereal domestication is a key current issue of archaeological research in the Fertile Crescent. Archaeobotanical evidence highlights a complex scenario for when and where agricultural practices started. Gloss texture analysis of sickle blades with confocal microscopy represents a new contribution to the knowledge of this process. A previous study (Ibáñez et al., 2016) pointed to the Middle Euphrates in the Levant as one region where cereal cultivation occurred since the 13th millennium cal BP and progression towards cereal domestication was since then continuous, culminating in the mid-10th millennium cal BP, in the Middle PPNB. However, the transition from the Early to the Middle PPNB – between 10,200–9,800 cal BP –, a key period previous to the appearance of the first domestic cereals, is not fully understood. This paper presents the quantitative analysis of gloss microtexture on 48 sickles blades from the Early PPNB levels of Dja’de el-Mughara (c. 10,650–10,350 cal BP), where pre-domestic cultivation of wild cereals is attested by archaeobotanical studies. Gloss texture analysis of sickle blades indicates that though reaping semi-ripe cereals associated to cutting wild cultivated cereals is dominant, other group of tools reaped cereals in an advanced degree of maturity. Tools used for cutting green cereals are also present, suggesting that wild cereals in natural stands were also exploited. This study exhibits the complexity of the cereal harvesting strategies at this transitional period, suggesting the exploitation of cereal populations that were in different phases of the domestication process. The results were then compared with the previous research about 50 sickle elements from several sites from the Late Natufian (13th millennium cal BP) to the Late PPNB (late 10th millennium cal BP) in the Middle Euphrates.

Intestinal Escherichia coliand Cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Contamination of the Operation Lounges in Al-Diwaniyah Province Hospitals

The research aims to study the bacterial contamination of the two types, E.coli and St.aureus, which are endemic in the lobbies and halls of operations and childbirth in the hospitals of Al-Diwaniyah province, where 4475 samples were isolated from governmental and private hospitals throughout the province from October 2019 to September 2020, where The study included taking samples from six hospitals in the city center and three in the districts and sub-districts of the governorate. (20.26%), Women's and Children's Hospital (19.74%), Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital (19.33%), Hamza Hospital (17.64%), the Middle Euphrates Al-Ahli 13.02, and finally Al-Diwaniyah National Hospital (4.92%), which had the lowest level of injury. The rates of infection in the two types of bacteria under study varied, as little difference was observed between the level of contamination of the two types within the same site, and the burn center also showed a high rate of contamination compared to the rest of the sites.

Hypodontia prevalence with distribution pattern of orthodontic patients in middle Euphrates, Iraq

Hypodontia prevalence with distribution pattern of orthodontic patients in middle Euphrates, Iraq

Masking Phenomena in Late Bronze Age Syria. A New Mask from Ebla

Studying disguised activities in antiquity implies asking what could have been a mask in a specific society and how it could have been used. As the number of currently known masks from pre-theat¬rical societies is still very low, new examples are especially important, particularly those from sites or regions where they were previously unattested. This paper presents an unpublished finely-made mask from Tell Mardikh/Ebla (Syria). The detailed analysis of its find-context supports its dating to the Late Bronze Age and its provenance from a house. Both these factors make it possible to connect this mask to coeval examples from the Middle Euphrates River Valley, but it differs from them in the practice of inlaying the eye cavities. The use of red slip hints at a comparison with similar metal finds, while the profile of the mask and its size suggest that it could not have been originally worn. Instead, it is argued that this mask could have covered the face of a life-size statue or could have been applied to a mannequin or a pole that was made of wood or other perishable material. Its discovery in a house makes it plausible to suggest that – following what has already been proposed for the examples from the Middle Euphrates region – it might have been used in domestic cults devoted to the ancestors or the clan/family deities. As the house from which the mask comes was built on the area previously occupied by the Sacred Area of Ishtar, a connection between the goddess and this terracotta could be an intriguing working hypothesis.

OLIVE AGRICULTURE IN K?L?S

Olive plant, which finds the best opportunity to grow in hot and semi-arid climatic regions, is a fruit that has an important place in human life since ancient times. It is stated in various sources that the olive tree is the first known tree and that olive cultivation started with the first humans. Olive, a Mediterranean climate plant, is widely produced in all countries on the Mediterranean coast. Turkey is well situated among the world's leading olive producing countries. Kilis province, located in the Middle Euphrates part of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, is one of the regions in the region where the influence of the Mediterranean climate is seen the most. It has become the most important olive production area in the region due to its location in the south in terms of latitude and its ecological conditions are suitable for olive cultivation. In Kilis, where agricultural activities such as grapes and pistachios are also carried out, the most important agricultural livelihood is olive cultivation. Most of the olives used in olive oil production are consumed as table olives. In this study, we tried to explain the effect of natural and human environmental conditions on olive agriculture, the distribution, maintenance, harvesting and processing of olive cultivation areas in Kilis. In addition, the effectiveness of olives in human nutrition and economic life and its place and importance in Kilis province, which has a small population and area, have been emphasized. The study, which started with the literature review, was tried to enrich the subject by using methods and techniques such as observation, comparison, photography and statistical data.

Classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Middle Euphrates Region of Iraq according to the World Health Organization classification

BACKGROUND: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patterns vary worldwide in relation to demographic and environmental factors.AIM: The objective of our study was to identify subtypes of NHL in the Middle Euphrates Region of Iraq according to the World Health Organization (WHO) modified classification.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out at Al-Hussein Cancer Center in Karbala, Iraq, on 385 patients diagnosed with NHL between January 2012 and August 2020. Patient ages ranged between 1 and 96 years. They included 204 males and 181 females. All patients were diagnosed by tissue biopsy, confirmed by immunohistochemistry markers, and classified according to WHO classification. Any patient with inconclusive results was excluded from the study.RESULTS: Among total NHL patients, males were (53%) and females were (47%) with a male: female ratio of (1.12:1). B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed in (92.47%) and T cell lymphoma in (7.53%). Diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most frequent B-cell subtype (54.02%) followed by Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) (14.02%), while peripheral T-cell lymphoma was the most common T-cell subtype (2.08%). About (61.82%) of patients were nodal, and (38.18%) were extranodal. The intestine was the most frequent extranodal site (34.69%).CONCLUSION: Among our patients, there were high frequencies of DLBCL, extra nodal primaries and intestinal BL. Follicular lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma were uncommon in our region. These results were similar to the Middle Eastern NHL patterns but differed from the western patterns.

Transcranial doppler findings in basilar artery dolichoectasia: a case control study

Basilar artery dolichoectasia (BAD) is a disorder characterized by dilatation, elongation and tortuosity of the basilar artery. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a useful tool that can detect blood flow in intracranial vessels including basilar artery (BA). Few studies have been conducted on blood flow changes in BAD. This study was conducted to evaluate the Doppler parameters in dolichoectatic BA and to assess if there is any difference in TCD findings between stroke and non-stroke BAD patients. A case-control study was conducted on 35 patients diagnosed with BAD (26 male, 9 female) and 35 age- and gender-matched control group (without BAD) at the Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center, Al-Sader Medical City, Al-Najaf, Iraq. Dolichoectasia was diagnosed on non-enhanced brain CT scan using established imaging criteria according to Dan Deng et al criteria. Doppler flow for control and stroke cases was recorded. The parameters measured on TCD were peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) mean blood velocity (MBV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI). After logistic regression for adjustment for the significant confounders, there was statistically significant difference in Doppler parameters between both groups including decrease in each of PSV, EDV and MBV while both PI and RI weren’t statistically significant. Among BAD patients, there was statistically significant difference in all TCD parameters between stroke and non-stroke patients (PSV EDV, MBV, PI and RI). BAD was associated with a decrease in flow velocities as measured by TCD. Furthermore, among BAD patients, those with stroke had lower values for all Doppler parameters than non-stroke patients.

Measurements of radium and uranium concentrations in blood samples of lung cancer patients in Iraq

In this study, 30 samples of lung cancer patients were collected from Middle Euphrates Oncology Center in Najaf, Iraq. A plastic track CR-39 Reagent technique, strippable was used to measure radium and uranium concentrations. Normality was a washing solution) NaOH ) was6.25 to clarify chemical drilling to read under the electron microscope to calculate alpha particles paths. Effective radium content values were ranged from 0.1592 Bq / kg to 3.2278 Bq / kg with an average value of 1.246Bq/kg where uranium concentrations values were ranged from 5.5671ppm to 112.8615ppm with an average value of 43.5883ppm for healthy human compared with patients were effective radium content values were found from 0.261Bq/ kg to 3.286 Bq/ kg with an average value of 1.345 Bq/kg where uranium concentrations values were found to be from 9.1099 ppm to 114.8859 ppm with an average value of 47.052ppm. A positive relationship was observed between Radium concentration and uranium concentrations in blood samples. Measurements of Radium and uranium concentrations in lung cancer patients, this research important in terms of health protection, simple and reliable analysis methods which available.

Assessment excess lifetime cancer risk of soils samples in Maysan neighborhood adjacent to the middle Euphrates cancer center in Najaf / Iraq

In this study, 30 samples of soils were taken from in Maysan neighborhood adjacent to the middle Euphrates cancer center in Najaf / Iraq, gamma-ray spectrometer system connected with the NaI detector was used to measure the specific activity of the (238U, 232Th, 40K) nuclei, the specific activity values were varied from(1.41±0.71Bq/kg) to (30.95±0.74 Bq/kg) with an average value(10.03± 1.04) for 226Ra, for 232Th from (0.71±0.27) to (15.44±0.30 Bq/kg) with an average value (4.96±0.37), The measurements of the specific activity of the 40K varied from 92.77±1.95 to 589.77±3.18 Bq/kg with an average value (198.43±3.13).Radium equivalent activity, outdoor and indoor absorbed doses, the Outdoor, Indoor and total annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), external and internal hazard index (Hex, Hin) in the range of 32.415±1.817(Bq/kg), 16.104±0.827(nGy/h), 20.936±1.075(nGy/h), 0.019±0.001014(mSv/year),0.102±0.0052(mSv/year), 0.121±0.0061(mSv/year), 0.087±0.004, 0.114±0.007 respectively, Representative level index Iγr and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), Representative Alpha index (Iα) and annual gonadal dose rate (AGDE) were calculated with range, 0.248±0.012(Bq kg-1), 0.423*10−3, 0.052(Bq/Kg), 119.404( mSv/y) respectively. These results were compared with recommended values (370 Bq/kg) for Raeq, 59 nGy/h for Dout, 84 nGy/h for Din,0.07 mSv/year for Deffout, 0.41 mSv/year for Deffin,0.48 mSv/year for Defftot, ≤1 for Hex and Hin, <1 for Iγr, <1 for Iα, 300 μSv/y for AGDE by UNSCEAR International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and European Commission (EC), and Their values were less than the permissible limits except for one sample out of 30 samples have specific activity values of 40K, Annual Gonadal Equivalent Dose (AGED) in sample (S6)higher than the worldwide average value (412 Bq/kg)and( 300 μSv/y) recommended by the UNSCAER, besides, the value of ELCR was lower than the world permissible value of 1.45×10−3 (UNSCEAR,2000). As a result, health hazards originated by natural radiation from soil samples in this region is low and insignificant.

The Effect of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Bridles Flocks on Identification of Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) and Ornithobacteriumrhinotracheale (ORT) in the Middle Euphrates Region in Iraq

The swollen head syndrome is one of the most upper respiratory problems in poultry that causing higheconomic loss in poultry,SHS is infected of all ages mainly 4-6 weeks old with morbidity may reach to10% and mortality about 2%, Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV)Is one of the most important etiologicalfactors that causing swollen head syndrome (SHS), (aMPV) is a member of sub family Pneumovirinaeunder the family Paramyxoviridae, also this family characterized by RNA non segmented negative sensegenome, Ornithobacteriumrhinotracheale (ORT) It is one of most important etiological factor of (SHS) isone of a contagious disease that capable to infect avian species, primarily in turkeys and chickens, causingmarketable respiratory distress, decreased growth, and mortality will be depending on many factors likecombination with viral infection like aMPV. Study the effect of vaccinated flocks with (ND, IB, IBD) withidentification of Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and Ornithobacteriumrhinotracheale (ORT), in middleEuphrates region in Iraq

Philosophical Foundations of Physical Education and Sport Applied to University Students of Central Areain Iraq According to the Social Understanding

The study objectives: To recognize the reality of understanding the members of the research community incentral Iraq for physical education and sports. Building foundations for the philosophy of physical educationand sports in Iraq according to the social understanding. Research hypotheses: There is a possibility toidentify the reality of understanding the members of the research community for physical education andsports of universities in central area in Iraq. The research methodology included, where the researchers usedthe descriptive approach and survey studies for their suitability to the research problem and its objectives. Theresearch sample consisted of (200) male and female students from the Iraqi Middle Euphrates universitiesafter distributing a questionnaire to the research sample consisting of (60) questions to solve the problemnoting that the questionnaire is scientifically evaluated and it has been proven. After collecting the answersof the research sample, the researchers presented these results by using statistical means, analyzing thoseresults, and then discussing it , and the research objectives were fully achieved.

Archaeology and Dams in Southeastern Turkey

The construction of dams is an ever-growing threat to cultural heritage, particularly in an age of climate change and narrowly focused development policies. In analyzing as a case study three major reservoirs in the Middle Euphrates river valley in southeastern Turkey (Atatürk, Birecik and Karkam??), we developed a Post-Flooding Damage Assessment (PFDA) to evaluate the impact of dams on archaeological sites. Our PFDA, consisting of an analysis of cross-correlations between multi-temporal Landsat imagery, geographical spatial datasets and archaeological data from surveys and excavations, provides an unprecedented detailed overview of the loss of especially significant cultural landscapes, and also highlights the limited accuracy of pre-flooding archaeological surveys and excavations. We conclude with recommendations for improving how rescue archaeological projects targeting endangered cultural landscapes are designed, with an immediately achievable target of better documenting cultural heritage threatened by dams.

SEROLOGICAL STUDY OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN THE CHILDREN AT THE MIDDLE EUPHRATE AREA

This study was conducted to detect genotypes and the spread of infection with viral hepatitis B type among children of both sexes (from newborns until the age of 16 years) in four provinces of the middle Euphrates provinces (Najaf, Karbala, Babel, and Diwaniya), 422 samples were collected from seven specialized hospitals (one hospital in Najaf and two hospitals from each of the three remaining provinces). There were 76 samples from children with thalassemia and the other 346 samples were random samples from children. The following technologies, ELIZA (HBsAb, HBsAg) and biochemical measurements of AST and ALT enzyme levels were applied. The percentage of cases of total viral hepatitis B that showed positive results for ELIZA HBsAb test were 8.767 % from total samples, and for ELIZA HBsAg tests, were 0.01 % from total samples.It was found that 15 out of 43 patients show elevation of ALT enzyme or AST enzyme or both enzymes over the normal value. All thalassemic patients show elevation in both ALT enzyme and AST enzyme.

The Role of Organizational Agility in Enhancing Strategic Supremacy of Organizations in Dynamic Environments: An Analytical Study in a Number of Private Universities and Colleges in the Middle Euphrates Region in Iraq

The Role of Organizational Agility in Enhancing Strategic Supremacy of Organizations in Dynamic Environments: An Analytical Study in a Number of Private Universities and Colleges in the Middle Euphrates Region in Iraq