Middle Euphrates Research Articles

Prevalence of UGT1A1*93 and ABCC5 Polymorphisms in Cancer Patients Receiving Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapy at Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a semisynthetic derivative of the antineoplastic agent camptothecin used in a wide range as an anti-cancer agent in many solid tumors because of its cytotoxic effect through the interaction with the topoisomerase I enzyme. The major limiting factors for irinotecan treatment are its association with potentially life-threatening toxicities including neutropenia and acute or delayed-type diarrhea, results from distinct interindividual and interethnic variability due to gene polymorphism.
 This is a cross sectional pharmacogentics study was conducted on 25 cancer patients to estimate the prevalence of UGT1A1*93 and ABCC5 allele single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Iraqi cancer patients treated with irinotecan-based therapy at Middle Euphrates Cancer Center. Four drops of venous blood was drawn for each patient and was applied onto the FTA classic card to perform a genotyping assay for the 2 SNPs. After DNA isolation and purification, real time PCR was performed to detect the SNPs of each gene.
 Results of this study showed the prevalence of one allele variant (heterozygous mutation) of UGT1A1*93 was 64% compared to 36% of patients were wild type to this SNP. No patient (0%) could be detected with homozygous polymorphism of the UGT1A1*93. For the ABCC5 polymorphism, results revealed that 32% of patients have one polymorphic allele (heterozygous), while 28% of them have two polymorphic alleles (homozygous mutation). Wild type ABCC5 gene constitutes 40% of patients. As a conclusion, high prevalence of UGT1A1*93 and ABCC5 polymorphic alleles were detected in patients at Middle Euphrates Cancer Center which may explain the high toxicity features associated with irinotecan therapy.

The Role of Human Capital in Improving the Quality of Insurance Service

The Sought current research aim to determine the nature of the relationship between human capital with its dimensions (knowledge, ability, skill) and quality insurance service with its dimensions (reliability, responsiveness, tangibility, safety, communication, courtesy), which was done by analyzing the correlations and influence between the variables research, and applied to a random sample of the staff of a number of branches of both (national insurance and Iraqi company) in the Middle Euphrates, with number of (89) employees, hypotheses were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficient linear regression and (F) test using software of (SPSS V.20). In the light of the results, a set of the most important conclusions were such as, there is a positive effect of human capital in improving the quality of the insurance service, the research presents a number of recommendations, such as giving the consideration to human capital by insurance companies as a strategic resource that gives it a competitive advantage.

Growth, reproduction and food habit of an invasive species of Carassius auratus in the Al-Diwaniya River, Middle of Iraq

Carassius auratus is an invasive species that has successfully established populations throughout Iraq. Unfortunately there is no information available regarding the biological properties of the species in Al-Diwaniya River, Middle Euphrates, Iraq. So growth, reproduction and food habit of C. auratus were investigated in this river from November 2016 to October 2017. Length groups of the fishes from 19 to 21cm were prevailing the catch and formed 30.8%. Length-weight relationship was calculated as W= 0.013L 3.129 for all individuals, with allometric growth. The condition of the fish increased in early spring. The maximum age recorded was 5 years with 30.1 cm. The parameters to the von Bertalanffy growth curve fitted to mean total lengths at age were L?= 43.0, K= 0.225 and to= - 0.412. The index of growth performance (?) was 2.612. The unbalanced overall ratio of males to females was 1:3.81. Higher values of gonado-somatic index (GSI) for males and females occurred in early spring. C. auratus is an herbivorous, with a diet that includes algae (52.6%), macrophytes (22.0%), diatoms (15.8%), crustacean (4.8%) and aquatic insects (4.8%). Our results highlighted basic biological aspects of the invasive C. auratus which can assist in fisheries management and conservation of the fish species in Al-Diwaniya river.

Relation of common ABL kinase domain mutations with resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibiters in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Middle Euphrates of Iraq

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disease, associated with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and chromosome 22, lead to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene (Philadelphia chromosome). This fusion gene is believed to play golden role in the initial development of CML with constitutive tyrosine kinase activation. Successful use of tyrosine kinase inhibiters (TKIs) play a role in improve survival and increase prevalence of CML, but un fortunately mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain may cause, or contribute to increase, resistance to TKIs in CML patients. This study was designed to assess the association of five most common BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations (T315I, M351T, E255K, M244V and E255V) with resistance state of CML patients on TKIs in Iraqi Middle Euphrates region. A retrospective case-control study in which 85 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (45 patients as cases group and 40 patient as control group) were selected from three hemato-oncology centers in middle Euphrates in Iraq during the period from January 2016 till October 2016 out of a total of 240 CML patients ( 108 male and 132 female) who were registered during this period in these three centers and all patients on TKI (Imatinib and Nilotinib). Venous blood sampling done for BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations screening. four patients from cases group (4/45) were carriers of one of five selected ABL kinase domain mutations and no one of control group. T315I mutation was detected in 3/45 (6.6 %) of resistant patients, with a significant risk association to develop resistance to TKI therapy (odd ratio and C. I. ) (6.67, 0.3340 -133.2255). E255V was detected in 1/45 ( 2.2 %) and also had significant risk association to develop resistance to TKIs( odd ratio, C.I.) (2.73, 0.1081 -68.9424). No one of these mutation had significance correlation with demographic or hematological features. M351T, E255K and M244V were not detected in any one of our study groups CML patients. T315I and E255V among five ABL kinas domain mutations were detected in our CML patients with resistance to TKIs. All of them may play a role in development variable degree of resistance to first and second generation TKIs weather primary or secondary.T315I mutation is most common mutation within BCR-ABL domain kinase gene.

Detection Y Chromosome Microdeletions Among Iraq Population in Infertile Patients with Azoospermia and Severe Oligospermia

Objective: To detection of microdeletions of Y chromosome and study the frequency of microdeletions in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia(Middle Euphrates center)in Iraq population. Material and methods: 153 males were included in the study, the casesweredivided into groups according to the infertility etiology and semen analysis according to Word health organization, the frequencies and the characteristicsof Y chromosome microdeletions were investigated in groups. Multiplex PCR was applied to detect the microdeletions. Results:Y chromosome microdeletion was detected in 42 (40.7%) of 153 cases ,Microdeletions in azoospermia showed more frequently detected 28 (52.8%), followed by severe oligospermia 14 (28 %),Microdeletions in the AZFc region were the most common 12 (22.64%), followed by AZFb 11(20.75%) and AZFa 5(9.43%) in azoospermia compared to severe oligospermisAZFc 6 (12%) AZFb 4 (8 %) and AZFa 4 (8%). Conclusion: Y chromosome microdeletions were detected quite frequently in certain infertility subgroups. Therefore, detailed evaluation of an infertile man by physical examination, semen analysis, hormonal evaluationsand when required, karyotype analysis may predict the patients for whom Y chromosome microdeletionanalysis is necessary and also prevent cost increases. Recommendation: This study emphasizes that analysis of microdeletions should be carried out for all patients with idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligospermia who are candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Monitoring of Agricultural Drought in the Middle Euphrates Area, IraqUsing Landsat Dataset

Monitoring of Agricultural Drought in the Middle Euphrates Area, IraqUsing Landsat Dataset

The Dwellers of Azû

Abstract This paper will focus on the individuals attested to in the 15 texts from Azû, with the objective of sketching the inner chronology of the corpus. The published studies on the Ekalte and Emar generations are also used to establish a chronological link between the three Syrian archives. In addition, data from the administrative apparatus of the city (institutions, professions, scribes) will be gathered for the sake of narrowing down the social and cultural contexts of the three Syrian archives from the Middle Euphrates before the Hittites assumed control of the area.

Effectiveness of Post-Abortion Family Planning Counseling Program on Nurses and Midwives' Practices in Middle Euphrates Maternity Hospitals

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of post-abortion family planning counseling program on nurses and midwives' practices and to predict the variables which may effect on their practices Methodology: A quasi experimental study was conducted from 23th April 2017 to 14th March 2018 in three governorates in Middle Euphrates of Iraq: (Holy Karbala, Al - Najef Al Ashraf and Babylon) on nurses and midwives who work at maternity hospitals. Systematic random sampling was used to select 122 nurses and midwives, (60) of them for study group and (62) for control group. A checklist is an instrument that evaluate the practices which included 50 items. Validity of content was determined through reviewing it by (16) experts and reliability of tool was determined through a pilot study. descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of study revealed that there were high statistical differences in nurses and midwives' practices between study and control groups at posttest, while there were no differences between both groups at pretest. Variables: (age, educational level, social status and years of experiences) were not effect on their practices. Recommendations: Establishing teaching and training courses concerning post abortion family planning counseling for all nurses and midwives who work at maternity hospitals in middle Euphrates

Utilization of reconnaissance drought index (RDI) for monitoring of meteorological drought over middle Euphrates region during the period from 1988 to 2017

This study was conducted to monitor of meteorological drought over middle Euphrates region based on Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) during the period from 1988 to 2017.Average monthly of rainfall, temperature and sunshine hours data were used to calculate this Index. These data were acquired from Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology at known five stations called Hilla, Diwaniya, Karbala, Semawa, and Najaf. The final results illustrated that the highest frequencies of drought, higher values of drought magnitude and intensity are recorded in the Hilla and Karbala stations followed by Najaf, Diwaniyah and Semawa stations respectively. Drought values ranged from moderate to severe in all stations of the study area. There is a high correlation between magnitude and intensity of drought in the study area. There are variations of drought over years between stations because of the difference of climate conditions for each station in the study area.

Comparison between Iraqi Gauges and TRMM Rainfall Data Over Middle Euphrates Region During Period from 1998 to 2017

The aim of this paper is evaluated and compares between Iraqi gauges in the Middle Euphrates region and TRMM rainfall data during the period from 1998 to 2017. Middle Euphrates Region, whose Area is 26611 km2 was selected as a study area. Two sets of Iraqi data gauges and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) average monthly rainfall data were used for analysis. Rainfall data were acquired from two sources, Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology (IMOAS) and Giovanni website to download TRMM v7 0.25-degree data. Data collected from five stations in the study area and these stations are, Dewaniya, Hilla, Karbala, Najaf, and Semawa. Statistical analysis indices such as bias, root mean square error (RMSE), and R-Square were used to comparison between data. Monthly and seasonally comparison approaches have been used to understand the relationships, trends and error propagations between two data sets for five gauges’ station. The final results of monthly comparison approach were illustrated that some of the months have good agreements for each to other and other months have medium and weak agreements between two data sets in all five stations which mentioned above. Also, the results of seasonally comparison approach were illustrated that some of the seasons have good agreements for each to other and other seasons have medium and weak agreements between two data sets in all five stations which mentioned above. There are high values of Bias and RMSE between some months and some seasons of two data sets in all stations; this meaning there are high shifting between them.

Some Biochemical and Cellular laboratory Indicators in the Cerebral Spinal Fluid among Suspected Bacterial Meningitis Patients

Background: This study was conducted on 200 children and adult of both sexes who attended Al- Zahra Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital &Middle Euphrates Neuroscience Center in Al-Najaf province from July 2016 to July 2017 because they complaining of some symptoms that may related to meninges infection. The mean ages of suspected patients were 13.09 years for males (109), and 11.28 years for females (91).Aim of study: Identification of biochemical contents (glucose and protein level) and cell count (neutrophil and lymphocyte) of CSF among patients with meningitis.Methodology: The biochemical examination of spinal cord fluid (glucose and protein level), as well as the number of white blood cells (lymphocytes and rectangles), was conducted for the period from June 2016 to June 2017. All the biochemical tests (glucose and protein), counting the cells of the spinal cord fluid, making the direct swabs and dyeing them with chromium were done. In addition, the samples were planted with special farms for all the subjects. The average glucose level in cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients was 62.54 mg / dl. While the mean total protein level in CSF of meningitis patients was 27.23 mg / dl. Equivalent and lymphatic cell counts were predominant in the same spinal fluid of patients. Results: The mean level of glucose in CSF of meningitis patients was 62.54 mg/dl. The mean level of total protein in CSF of meningitis patients was 27.23mg/dl. Neutrophil & lymphocyte was the predominant cell in CSF of all suspected meningitis patients.Conclusion: The positive parameters in the analysis of CSF may be used to differentiate between bacterial and non- bacterial meningitis. Positive bacterial meningitis does not depend on the result of CSF sugar & protein only.Recommendation: Give priority to medical soon attending and laboratory analysis Keyword: CSF, bacterial meningitis, streptococcus pneumonia, Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenza.Â

Balanced Scorecard and its Role in Evaluating the Performance of Organizations (Case Study in the Directorate General for the Production of Electric Power/ Middle Euphrates)

The balanced scorecard is considered a modern form of evaluating the Performance of economic units; as it depends on the integrated measure of financial performance presenting a description for past events results, besides, depending on un financial measures representing as indicators of future performance.
 Accordingly, balanced scorecard allows economic units evaluating their performance with four perspectives, the financial, Customer, internal operation, and education are growth perspective.

The Impact of Organizational Learning Mechanisms in Enhancing Strategic Agility an Exploratory Research for the Opinions of a Sample of Senior Leaders in Private Banks in the Middle Euphrates Governorates.

The Impact of Organizational Learning Mechanisms in Enhancing Strategic Agility an Exploratory Research for the Opinions of a Sample of Senior Leaders in Private Banks in the Middle Euphrates Governorates.

Identification of Serious Clinical Amebic Dysentery Cases in the Middle Euphrates Region of Iraq

Identification of Serious Clinical Amebic Dysentery Cases in the Middle Euphrates Region of Iraq

HETEROGENEITY OF PROTEINS IN BIRDS’ EGG-WHITES

Little is known about the comparative heterogeneity of protein compounds among a wide variety of birds’ egg white, particularly, an analysis of their detailed, in-parallel protein composition. Hence this research is conducted mainly to evaluate the extent of variability among 42 types of birds’ egg white. To improve the perception of these biological fluids, the main phenotypic variations of egg whites were evaluated using the discontinuous denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Gradient SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results showed that the Native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE produced better screening results than other methods in identifying protein. Although  Native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE did not show remarkable variability in terms of hydrophobicity, several electrophoretic differences of egg-white proteins were observed. Several unknown proteins in the egg white samples of different bird species were also identified through the electrophoretic experiments. Hence, it might be possible, as in the case of egg white samples, to provide a characterized assessment among birds by using only the available gel electrophoresis techniques. This study also provided a rapid snapshot of the initial identification of several unknown components of egg white proteins. Accordingly, this study constituted the first large-scale comparative proteomics investigation performed among the largely varying types of egg whites from commercial stores and bird keepers in the middle Euphrates areas in Iraq.

The Creative Leadership of the Heads of Sports Clubs in the Middle Euphrates from the Point of View of its Members

The sports clubs are witnessing a clear and growing interest in developing their managerial abilities in various fields. Perhaps their first step is to take care of the creative leadership and develop it to increase the efficiency of these sports clubs, which is an exceptional importance in our Iraqi society as the main framework through which the movement activates sport and improves its position in the society that suffers from Various crises affecting various aspects of life, and the success of these clubs will be a direct and vital contribution to the progress of the sports movement.

Burdens on Caregivers of Children with Down Syndrome in Middle Euphrates Region of Iraq

Burdens on Caregivers of Children with Down Syndrome in Middle Euphrates Region of Iraq

Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and Correlated with Some Chronic Diseases among Iraqi Women

The VDR (vitamin D receptor) is one of the key genes that may be associated with the reduced effectiveness of vitamin D. This study was performed to describe the potential role of the VDR genetic variation in with the development of cardiac, arthritis, and urinary tract diseases in patients with vitamin-D deficiency in the Middle Euphrates region of Iraq using PCR-sequencing strategy. Genomic DNA was extracted from eighty of female blood specimens. Then, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct dideoxy sequencing reactions were performed. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the VDR amplified fragment, which were distributed amongst the analyzed specimens. Within the observed SNPs, five previously known SNPs were detected, two of them had intronic variations, including rs11574113 and rs11574114, while other three SNPs had synonymous variations, including rs731236, rs765762631, and rs550308645. Whilst, three novel SNPs were identified in the present study, one of them was an intronic variant, g.64366C>T, while the other two variants had synonymous variations, g.64932G>A and g.65214C>T. The most frequent mutation in in intronic part was in urinary tract disease (G>C) (40%) p C) (25%) p G) and (C>T) both (29%) p G) and (C>T) both (23%) p T) but it was not significant. Finally out of eight mutations three were novel and five were registered in NCBI website. In conclusion, the present pilot study has provided a practical guide to potentially associate VDR fragment with the progression of desired diseases in the Middle Euphrates region of Iraq.

BUILDING THE PREDICTIVE SCALE FOR THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE ATHLETES STUDENTS AT AL-FURAT AL-AWSAT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

The objectives of the research focused on the preparation of a questionnaire to build a predictive measure of psychological efficiency for the students of the athletes of the University of the Middle Euphrates technical, as well as “the recognition of predictions of psychological efficiency, and applied research on a group of athletes at the University of the Euphrates Middle Tech for the period of 22/11/2017 and The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method. The most important steps of the research are to limit the number of athletes in Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University from the students. The main questionnaire was composed of (48) Building a collective and individual scale, as required (325) questionnaires were returned (301), (24) of which were excluded due to lack of complete answer.

Building the Predictive Scale for the Psychological Efficiency of the Athletes Students at Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University

The objectives of the research focused on the preparation of a questionnaire to build a predictive measure of psychological efficiency for the students of the athletes of the University of the Middle Euphrates technical, as well as “the recognition of predictions of psychological efficiency, and applied research on a group of athletes at the University of the Euphrates Middle Tech for the period of 22/11/2017 and The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method. The most important steps of the research are to limit the number of athletes in Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University from the students. The main questionnaire was composed of (48) Building a collective and individual scale, as required (325) questionnaires were returned (301), (24) of which were excluded due to lack of complete answer.