Middle-class People Research Articles

Optimalisasi Strategi Segmentation, Targeting dan Positioning Dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan pada Pitstop Kopi Gresik

This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that aims to determine the strategy of segmentation, targeting, positioning in increasing sales at PitStop Kopi Gresik. Data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation were carried out by researchers in identifying segmentation, targeting, positioning at Pitstop Kopi Gresik. Based on the research results obtained are (1) segmentation at Pitstop Kopi Gresik based on geography, namely in the middle of the city and lower middle class people. Demographic segment from 19-30 years old youth to adults. The psychographic segment is the personality of the Gresik people who like to hang out, enjoy coffee and lifestyle like hanging out. The consumer behavior segment is attracted to repeat orders for the product because it tastes good. (2) Targeting product specialists Pitstop Coffee makes and provides a limited range of products by selling clothing. Its Market Specialists utilize sales marketing who visit various schools in Gresik to introduce products and places. Selective Specialties with the people of Gresik who like sweet drinks and foods that are not too spicy. Full service using a customer service system, only ordering menus, the menu will be delivered by the waiter. (3) Positioning based on attributes including making latte art competition events, logos, colors, and jargon can be known by many people. Based on price and quality, prices are affordable by consumers and have good taste quality. Based on superior use in terms of events, service, place, packaging and coffee drinks because this coffee is blended according to Gresik's typical coffee. Based on the use of this product, it positions the use of products that use menu names that are anti-mainstream.
 Keywords: Segmentation, Targeting, Positinoning

PKM Peningkatan Ketrampilan Pemasaran Digital Bagi Pelaku UMKM Ensikei Di Kota Kupang

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the supporters of the economy in Indonesia, especially for the lower and middle class people. MSMEs have a strategic role in the government's efforts to overcome poverty and unemployment. One of the MSMEs that has developed in Kupang City is MSME Ensikei, this business started from a home-based business that produces and sells accessories and jewelry from local stones (muti) and also from woven materials with NTT motifs, as well as participating in marketing several products from other local craftsmen. such as: ginger sugar, VCO, fashion, bags and shoes with woven motifs in NTT. Responding to changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in sluggish sales, the easy way is to use digital marketing through social media. To improve the skills of using social media that are appropriate and useful, there needs to be regular training and mentoring for Ensikei MSMEs.

Analisis Yuridis Tingginya Cerai Gugat Istri terhadap Suami pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Penelitian di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Lhoksukon)

The number of divorce cases that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic is a concern. Divorce applications at the Lhoksukon Sharia Court are mostly from ordinary or middle class people who apply for divorce for various reasons. Article 38 Law no. 1 of 1974 regarding "marriage can be broken due to death, divorce and on a court decision. Dissolution of a marriage caused by death does not require special discussion because neither party is aggrieved either recognizing their responsibilities or rights. This study aims to find out and analyze the legal arrangements for divorce between a wife and her husband during the Covid-19 pandemic from the aspects of Civil Law, the Civil Code and to find out the purpose of a wife's divorce from her husband according to the Criminal Code. In this study, the researcher wanted to see what factors influenced the parties filing for divorce that occurred during the Covid-19 period at the Lhokseumawe Syar'iyah Court, how were the efforts made by judges to reduce divorce during the Covid-19 period at the Lhokseumawe Syar'iyah Court and the obstacles what is faced in solving the problem of divorce which has increased during the covid-19 pandemic.The type of research used to answer these problems is juridicalempirical legal research using an empirical approach. Data collection was carried out through interview studies and field research. Data analysis used is qualitative analysis. The results show that Divorce is increasing due to economic problems, infidelity and domestic violence, and families are facing problems leading to lawsuits for divorce. The high number of divorces during the Covid-19 pandemic can be overcome through preventive efforts, namely preventing unwanted things such as divorce from happening in the future. Hindering the resolution of high divorce cases is the strong desire of the parties to maintain the divorce and third party intervention to help couples feel more confident about their divorce.

Raising the Pension Age

Raising the Pension Age

IT ROARS BUT THEN IT SUFFERS: AMERICA IN THE INTERBELLUM AS DEPICTED IN THE GREAT GATSBY

Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby that is written in 1925 records one of the most remarkable decades in American history. American economy “roars” in the interbellum/interwar period with the advancement of technology and the stock market but then it declined by excessive consumerism. This article seeks to identify the changes in the American economy and consumer culture as depicted in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and the subsequent depression that happened. A new historicism technique is applied to describe some major factors enabling America in the twenties to lead the world’s economy as depicted in the novel and factors ending the development. By using a content analysis technique, data in the form of excerpts from the novel are collected. The data are then analyzed following the thematic analysis principles. The result of the study points out some changes that made America in the twenties roar are the increase of middle-class people, the widespread use of technology, the development of the stock market, the affordability of automobiles, and the freedom to speak and act. The glorious decades came to an end after 1939 when the stock market crashed, consumerism escalated, credit card use expanded and banks got a “panic attack”. The implication for today’s lifestyle is mentioned.

Prevalence and Clinical Features of Thalassemia Minor Cases

Background: Thalassemia, the most common heterogeneous single gene disorder causing sever genetic health problem in the world. In 1932 George and William gave it the name thalassemia derived from Greek words (“thallassa: mean sea) and (“aima: mean blood). The research was conducted on thalassemia minor patients in North Waziristan and some selected areas of Peshawar Khyber pakhtunkhwa. Methods: During this survey 100 thalassemia minor patients were interviewed belonging to different castes. It was observed that majority of the patients were from the age group 1-10 years both in male asn females. Different ethnic groups were interviewed such as Yousafzai, Halimzai, Dawar, Wazir, Noor khel, Musazai, Saidan, Miserkhal, Afridi, Miagan, and Afghan. Results: The most of the thalassemia minor patients belonged to rural area (62.4 %) while 36.6% patients were reported from urban area. The maximum number of thalassemia minor patients belonged to lower class which was reported 47% followed by middle class (35%) and rich people (18%). The parents of 64 patients were cousin while the parents of 36 patients had marriage out of the family. The birth abnormalities were also recorded and observed as abortion (30%), delay birth (23%), still birth (13%) and premature birth (17%). During this study it was observed that majority of the patients were of the moderate body status (54.5%) Interestingly the ratio of obese people was very low. While the ratio of thin people was 39.4%. The physical abnormalities found in thalassemia minor patients included eye, skin, ear, mental and bone and joint abnormalities. the people having the age from 1-10 have an average HB level of 9.45 g/dl while those having age of 41-60 have an average HB level of 11.58 g/dl. The physical infections also reported such as eye infection (39%), GIT infection (20%), Lung infection, Skin infection (16%), UTI (7%) and Ear infection (2%). Conclusion: This study provides an insight in to the mechanism of transmission of thalassemia in the family and suggest social awareness about the disadvantages of the interfamilial marriages. Keywords: Thalassemia, Consanguineous marriages, Hemoglobin, Birth Abnormalities, Infections.

Hunting a ‘good life’: young lifestyle migrants in Finnish Lapland

ABSTRACT This article focuses on young lifestyle migrants in Arctic Finland, individuals who can be described as active agents of their own fate in having made a conscious choice to move to a place they consider worth living in. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research, the study brings to light newcomers’ motivations for migrating to a geographically remote area and discusses structural conditions that support the process of moving to Finnish Lapland. The search for personal wellbeing and a desire to construct “authentic” lifestyles in rural environments emerged as driving factors for young people who consider moving to the Arctic. While access to nature and nature-based leisure activities proved to be the most attractive feature of the region, opportunities to work in the tourism industry, well-connected transport infrastructures and educational opportunities also figured significantly in the migrants’ decisions. Social media channels play a pivotal role as a platform promoting their lifestyle. In engaging regularly with young people who have moved to the Arctic, where they pursue their chosen lifestyle in a harsh climate with high living costs, the research challenges the prevailing argument in the lifestyle migration debate whereby middle-class people move to places with lower living costs and sunny climates.

The Analysis of Income Gap in Lower Middle-Income Countries

Sustainable economic growth is the goal of every country in the world. However, the economic growth that occurs is not in line with the welfare of the population in the lower middle-income countries. The high level of income inequality between the upper and lower classes indicates that there are problems that need to be resolved. This study aims to determine the direction and magnitude of the influence of trade openness, tax revenue, digital economy, corruption perception index, and government spending on the level of income inequality in six countries classified as lower Middle-Income countries in 2017-2021, namely (Bolivia, El Salvador, Honduras, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine) using panel data regression. The results with the Fixed Effects approach show that trade openness and the digital economy have a positive effect on the income gap, while government spending has a negative effect on the income gap. Meanwhile, tax expenditures and the corruption perception index have no effect on the income gap. Based on the results of this study, the government in each country should be able to pay attention to the development and support the economic facilities of the people in the lower middle class with various assistances that can directly increase their income.

Eksistensi Pasar Media di Indonesia: Studi pada Bisnis Media Indosiar

This article aims to analyze the existence of the media market in Indonesia with a case study on the Indosiar media business. The problem is how Indosiar can still exist considering that there are already many TV stations that have mushroomed in the Indonesian television industry? And what is Indosiar's strategy to run its business in the midst of this intense competition? In order to approach this problem, it is used as a reference for media economic theory. The data were collected through interviews and documentation obtained from the media, both print media and internet media and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that Indosiar can still exist despite the proliferation of TV stations in the Indonesian television industry. In order for its existence to continue, Indosiar targets the family or family segment, cares about variety show programs so that the lower and upper middle class people can reach, and presents soap opera programs targeting housewives. Indosiar's strategy to keep the media business going is to determine the target audience and develop a flagship program. Its flagship program is tailored to the interests and needs of the audience. With the accuracy of this strategy, the audience will see a lot and Indosiar will earn revenue from advertising contracts that are broadcast.

КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГАСТРОНОМИИ В 1920-30-Е ГГ. В СССР И НЕКОТОРЫХ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАНАХ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

In the article, the author conducts a comparative analysis of the situation with nutrition and the state of gastronomic culture in the USSR and some foreign countries (mainly in the USA, as the ancestor of the world crisis of 1929). The chronological framework is defined by the period of the 1920s-1930s. The author explores to a greater extent the famine in the USSR, since it is one of the most controversial issues in science, especially in history, since the question is still being raised: was it the genocide of the Ukrainian people or a universal problem of the peoples of the USSR. However, the article does not pursue the purpose of research and preparation of an answer to this question, therefore, the paper presents the opinions of scientists on how nutrition was carried out during that period, both the Ukrainian people and other SSR. I would especially like to note the participation of the state in the formation of such a situation, since the forcible rejection of market relations and the "construction" of communism, in our opinion and the opinion of other scientists, led to total hunger in some areas of the Union, and to a lack of nutrition in others. Therefore, as the author concludes, during this period, the gastronomic culture can be called a culture of hunger – all the actions of the population were aimed at survival, a number of representatives returned to taboo ways of eating (cannibalism), there were certain rules in the actions and analysis of their behavior (seemingly primitive). The situation was different in foreign countries. As the analysis showed, the famine in Europe and the United States was caused by other reasons – the economic crisis. At the same time, the leaders of foreign states tried to adjust the nutrition of the population by organizing a centralized body. A similar situation developed in the USSR, only the All-Union Society of National Nutrition was called not to correct, but to control the consumption of food by the population. As for the state of gastronomic culture in foreign countries, the author believes that its orientation was indicated by the need to survive in conditions of austerity and lack of livelihood. But at the same time, the culture associated with nutrition still existed – middle–class people, marginals, the military - all these categories ate in their own way, there was differentiation, unlike the population in the USSR

The influence of online short video formats on the shopping behavior of young women when buying their apparel

Online Short video formats are becoming extremely popular day by day. Especially in developing countries like India, which is a democratic country and where the cost of the internet is affordable to the middle class people of the country. The secondary data shows that Indian youth have been spending substantial amounts of time each day watching these short videos on platforms like instagram, YouTube, etc. These short video formats are successful in creating an influence on young people and developing a connection. Apparel is something that youth (young women) prefer to buy, referring to the latest fashion and trends in the market. Television and films used to be the major influencers of fashion among the youth. The place of Television & Movies is at a fast rate taken by these online short videos.(Are the young women in India getting influenced or getting clues/suggestions about latest fashion from short video formats?) Factors such as economic, social, cultural, gender, family background, and social media have a strong bearing on the dressing styles of youth. In the said research paper, there is an attempt to identify the influence of online short videos on young women buying their apparel. The conclusion will be drawn using quantitative research methods. The research will also comment on the media usage habits of youth and their lifestyle.

Analyzing the community decision making to purchase pet insurance: Case study of animal lovers in Indonesia

This study aims to measure people's decision-making to buy their pet insurance and compare it with the amount of insurance premium rates offered. It is important due to the increase in people's income which has triggered the birth of a community of pet lovers as part of the middle-class people’s lifestyle in Indonesia. The survey data was conducted using the Stated Preference (SP) format through questionnaires and interviews to determine the public response to pet insurance premiums. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive methods, decision-making analysis was on the basis of the choice of the dichotomous Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), and logistic regression analysis. Based on the calculation analysis using the logit method shows that the ability of the public to pay pet insurance premiums is IDR289,454.54. Analysis of calculations using the Turnbull method was obtained at IDR365,000.00. The results of the WTP amount, both using the logit method and using the Turnbull method, are greater than the minimum premium amount offered which is IDR190,000.00. The results of this study indicate that the premium rates for pet insurance offered are still within reasonable limits, compared to the size of the decision-making by the animal lover community in Indonesia. This provides a very good prospect for insurance companies that have insurance products for pets in Indonesia. This study was conducted to provide empirical evidence that the decision-making of the animal lover community is greater than the premium rate for pet insurance that has been offered. Thus, this research strongly supports the development of pet insurance companies in Indonesia, which can provide pet protection to stay healthy and well looked after.

‘Willing’ ethnic-nationalists, diffusion, and resentment in India: A micro-foundational account

AbstractUsing evidence regarding the consolidation of Hindu nationalism in India we put forward new ethnographic data about the variety of popular support for a Hindutva project and a new framework that proposes an interactive theory of social identity. This framework helps us understand how Hindu nationalism becomes embedded in society. We assert that Hindu nationalism in India could be fruitfully analysed by focusing on the processes through which ideas of exclusive nationalism spread among ordinary middle-class people and are expressed in micro-level psychological changes at the individual level. The consolidation of Hindu nationalism in India is being authored not only by parties or the state, but also by societal actors, specifically, ordinary middle-class Indians. Hindu nationalism has been spreading in micro-public spheres in a time of apparent peace and between elections, and with the participation of willing supporters. Building on our fieldwork and research in psychology and history, our conversations have also helped us to identify profiles of different types of nationalists, which we categorize as willing ethnic-nationalists, hardliners, bystanders, and moderates. Further, we suggest the need to focus on inter-linked micro-level mechanisms such as diffusion and emulation of Hindu-centric beliefs and ideas, mobilization by hardliners and organizations, and impunity resulting from protection by state agencies, which helps to create willing ethnic-nationalists and sustains Hindu nationalism. Evidence regarding social interactions from a variety of survey organizations concurs with our findings and our ethnographic material allows us to delve deeper into varieties of Hindu nationalist support across diverse ordinary people.

Morality of Ordinary Tamil People in the Real Tamil Stories of Twentieth Century

Real stories always contain humanistic elements and it is appealing to ordinary people. Realism and short stories are the gift of nineteenth century. Realism is written in ordinary dialects and is based on ordinary human action, truth, degeneration and contradiction. Realistic stories are based on the life of ordinary people who is facing numerous problems. These stories are about the people who lost their unity, isolated away from family and caste. Contradictions among these people appears when they oppose the superstitious beliefs, norms and social sentiments. They act according to their nature and they never bow down to ordinary norms and practices. Vavesu Iyer’s “Kulathankarai Arasamaram” is a short story highlights the bankrupt of the British company which broke the dreams of countless middle-class people, the deterioration of the family life. This happened around 1910. Writer Puthumaipithan in his story “Ponakaram” tells ‘the world is different, dharmas are also different’. Indra Parthasarathy’s text “Kadhal Poar Viyabaram” depicts the rise of indiscipline among people during globalization. The text also implies that not all the people lost their moral values.

Proposed Business Model and Business Strategy for Financial Planning Business in Young Middle Class Family Market

Financial planners have been presumed to be expensive and luxurious service and are only needed by people who have assets. While in fact, financial planner is more needed by middle-class people experiencing financial issues. However, there are not many financial planning firms that specifically address this problem. FinansialKita is a financial planning online platform that will provide services segmented especially to these particular segments. As a new venture in the financial planning sector, FinansialKita does not have a proper business model and business strategies to enter the market. This paper is made and aims to find a befitted business model and business strategies for FinansialKita, specifically for the young middle-class family. This research used a qualitative approach with case study method. The data were collected by interviewing correspondents’ financial behavior and preferences. The data was then analyzed using the strategy diamond framework to generate a business model for FinansialKita and its business strategies. This research shows that the FinansialKita business model should focus on providing its customers with educational services rather than financial planning consultations. The proposed business strategy will focus on building image, brand, and reputation to gain trust from customers.

Ethics of Biology Education and Ethics in Biology Research in India- A Philosophical and Sociological Perspective

Education is necessary to free our minds and to enable it to think for itself. Education has two components: One, that enables us to earn our living, and two that liberates our minds and raises individual consciousness to its highest level. The aim of higher education has been under constant change for the last five thousand years. Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Islamic systems of education operated in India till the advent of British rule. Through British rule, we got the western system of education including western experimental science. India had only theoretical science and Mathematics till then. In ancient India, paraa vidya (higher education) was distinguished from aparaa vidya not by the number of years spent by the student but by the nature of problems addressed and the purpose and outcome of education. Research has always been a part and parcel of higher education in India. Individual curiosity-driven fundamental research was the ideal that all academicians followed. When this ideal of pursuing research was institutionalised in the early forties, teaching and research got separated. Ministerial institutions did research, and Universities and colleges did mostly teaching. A social fact of these systems is that they were flooded with middle-class people. Middle-class people want social recognition and approval for whatever they do. Scientists are no exception. Western science demands logic, ethics and rational analysis, while eastern religions demand faith. We got science from the West, but we forgot the scientific temper. This took a toll on the quality of science produced and as a consequence, the quality of science education. Modern experimental scientific research is cost intensive. Funding for research is largely done by government agencies and it is woefully inadequate. India spends less than 0.7 % of GDP on R&D. Being mostly from the middle class, scientists indulged in unethical practices to get quick career benefits and sacrificed excellence and pursuit of Truth! The joy of doing research was replaced by the pleasure of receiving funds and awards. For students, the joy of learning was replaced by the agony and torture of examinations. Examinations became an end in themselves and got dissociated from education and learning. In the last 150 years, more than twenty-seven education commissions, appointed by colonial and independent Indian governments, have influenced our higher education institutes (HEIs). We are still evolving, clueless about what is best for our young people. Although STEM education has attracted the most attention from both public and private sectors, NEP-2020 has ushered in a new era of integration between Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Humanities, on one hand, and between Fundamental and Applied (read Vocational) streams, on the other hand. A redesigning of the University structure and repurposing of higher education towards social transformation is necessary

Socio-demographic Characteristics of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Cross-sectional Observational Study in BSMMU, Bangladesh

Background: A rare head and neck tumor that makes up about 0.5% of all head and neck neoplasms is the nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. They are benign, non-encapsulated, highly vascular tumors with a high incidence of persistence and recurrence from a histological standpoint, but they are also locally invasive tumors. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by the Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery division at Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, and Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital in Dhaka. The study was conducted from February through November of 2012. The total sample size for the study was 30. Result: The majority of individuals (54%) who have nasopharyngeal angiofibroma are between the ages of 16 and 20. The middle class people (40%) are more sufferers from nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. People living in rural area (53.33%) are more sufferers from nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The majority of patients have similar symptoms such epistaxis, nasal blockage, nasal discharge, anemia, and masses in the nasal cavity. Conclusion: It is hypothesized that the affected patients' socioeconomic status and geographic location may have an impact on the biologic behavior of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Marketing Mix Strategy and Financial Capabilities in Improving Sharia Stock Investment

Every year the capital market in Indonesia is increasing, stocks are the investment of choice for investors. To accommodate the needs of Muslims in Indonesia, middle class people with limited financial capabilities have begun to switch to choosing Sharia shares. This study aims to determine the Marketing Mix Strategy in the form of product, price, location and promotion and Financial Capability is the right model to improve Sharia Stock Investment Decisions. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method, namely by collecting data directly from PT. Syirkah Griya Berkah by conducting observations, interviews according to the object of research. The results of this study indicate that the strategy implemented by the company has been going well from the targeted 100 investors, recorded 67 who have joined, where the four Marketing Strategy Variables and Financial Capability support each other and complement each other in improving Sharia Stock Investment Decisions. must further improve its strategy to compete with other stock competitors.

The Effect of Initialization Weights for Multi Layer Perceptron Performance on Prediction of House Construction Costs

The house is one of the primary human needs besides food and clothing. Therefore, the community will always try their hardest to meet primary needs. For the middle and lower class people, it is going to very difficult to build a residential house because the income does not match the increase in house prices. With an artificial neural network, the middle to lower class people can estimate the costs that must be prepared if you want to build a residential house, of course this will be cheaper than using housing developer services. Based on the data that has been obtained, the researcher is then trained and tested using an artificial neural network with 13 data input, 25 hidden layers, a learning rate of 0.75, the number of iterations of 1000, the best test results are MSE value, 0.1, mean accuracy of 97.22 and computation time of 0,028 seconds

Government Effectiveness, Economic Growth, Religion and the Socio-Political Role of the Middle Class in Bangladesh

The objectives of the study are to develop an understanding of major changes such as the effectiveness of government, economic growth, religion, and the socio-political role of the middle-class people that have taken place in the society and politics of Bangladesh over the last few years. Apart from that this study also intends to analyze the crisis of the democratic system in Bangladesh and the widespread influence of religion on politicians of the society. In addition to that, the context of the developments of economic growth in Bangladesh has been significant over the last few decades, which has helped in the emergence and development of a new middle class in the country. In the past, it has been said theoretically and in the light of the experience of different countries that economic growth and development of the middle class simultaneously strengthen democracy and reduce the political appeal of religion in society and politics. All in all, this study attempted to present some hypotheses on the particular issues of Bangladesh.