Mid 1990s Research Articles

Development of the Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant in the Second Half of the 1940s – mid 1960s in a Sociocultural Contex

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in modern conditions of the formation of post-industrial society, the study of socio-cultural factors in the development of optics will complement the holistic picture of the late industrial model of Russian industrial modernization. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the study was the theory of modernization, which involves taking into account not only economic, but also social, cultural and personal factors of industrial development. Results. Socio-cultural context of enterprise development in the second half of the 1940s – mid-1960s consistent with the trends of late industrial development. The enterprise actively cooperated with a wide range of research institutes, higher educational and scientific organizations. The socio-cultural infrastructure of Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant (UOMZ) was replenished with a library of scientific and technical literature, a hospital, a polyclinic, a gym, a recreation center, a kindergarten and a pioneer camp for the children of employees. Housing was built for factory workers. At the enterprise, there was a sponsored state farm, a greenhouse. Circles (choir, drama) and an orchestra worked at the factory club. The value of labor was built into the ethics of the working class. The fate of many UOMZ workers is a vivid illustration of the mechanisms of social mobility of the late industrial era and the social solidarity of a socialist society. Discussion and Conclusions. At the micro level, using the example of the activities of the Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant, the regularities of the beginning of the final stage of industrial modernization in the optical industry are shown. This was done in the context of socio-cultural processes: the development of a personnel training system and production, the development of the socio-cultural sphere of an enterprise, socialist competition, the movement of innovators and innovators, the interaction of science.

The first all-union meeting of workers and female stakhanovites and discussions on the industrialization during the mid 1930s

The article analyzes the materials of the first All-Union meeting of workers and female Stakhanovites, held in Moscow on November 14-17, 1935. The systematization of the speeches of the participants of the meeting is given by socio-professional characteristics; by the degree of reflection of the state of affairs in a particular industry; by the quality of the proposed ways to solve problems. The evolution of managers' views on the possibilities and role of the Stakhanov movement is traced. For the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry and the director's corps, a possible prospect was a general systematic professional development of workers, including the transfer of experience at Stakhanov courses and at Stakhanov schools.

50 years of beach–foredune change on the southeastern coast of Australia: Bengello Beach, Moruya, NSW, 1972–2022

A fifty-year time series of high-resolution field-surveyed beach profiles from a southeast Australian ocean beach was analysed to determine spatial and temporal variability and changes in beach–foredune morphology at annual to decadal time scales. Data from 452 surveys obtained at two to six-weekly intervals was available from four closely spaced (within 422 m) cross-shore profiles in the centre of a 6 km long beach. Each profile extended 110–130 m seaward from a dune datum at ~5 m Australian Height Datum (AHD) to mean sea level (MSL). Morphometric indicators examined included beach–foredune sand volume, four shore position contours at 0 m AHD (MSL) +1 m, +2 m, +3 m AHD, and across-shore topographic changes. Five phases of different beach/foredune conditions were identified, two in the 1970s, and three in the following four decades. After a brief accretion period (phase 1) major storms in May–June 1974 caused the loss of over 100 m3/m from each profile and a 50–60 m landward shift of the MSL shoreline. The substantial sand deficit lasted for the next five years with average beach volumes of 134 m3/m followed by incremental accretion of 120 m3/m from 1979 to 1982 (phase 2). In the next 12 years (phase 3, 1982–1994) the beach maintained high volumes averaging 268 m3/m. This declined by 45–60 m3/m in the mid 1990s (phase 4). Since 2002 (phase 5) sand stored above MSL has averaged 279 m3/m, ~10 m3/m greater than at any time since surveys began although the volume gradually declined in the decade prior to 2022. Morphological changes and shifts in shoreline position have accompanied volumetric changes. An incipient dune developed during the 1980s at the site of the 1970s foreshore later to become an established, vegetated foredune. Comparison of results with other long-term beach profile sites in Europe, Japan and USA showed some differences most notably Bengello exhibits no consistent seasonal summer-winter cycle in beach volume. General similarities include lack of clear beach change evidence of decadal–scale sea level rise, and all locations contend with the impacts of storms. Bengello averages 15 storms per year (H sig ≥3.0 m) and in the fifty-year period there have been 21 major events (H max >10 m) all of which have caused substantial erosion. Recovery times have varied from a few months to over 5 years. The net effect of these erosion-recovery events over 1972–2022 has not resulted in beach recession.

OLD BELIEVER COMMUNITIES IN NORTH-WESTERN BELARUS IN THE MID-1940s TO THE 1950s

The article is devoted to the characteristics of Old Believers' communities in North-Western Belarus in the mid 1940s – 1950s. The author analyzes the state of Old Beliefs in the region during this period, traces the processes of official registration of Old Believers' religious associations, characterizes their relations with the Soviet authorities. On the basis of archival materials, the article examines the state policy towards the Old Believers in the North-Western region of Belarus during the mentioned period of time.

MOTIVATION OF THE LABOR ACTIVITY OF STAKHANOVISTS OF THE BSSR (THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930s. – EARLY 1940s.)

The Stakhanov movement, which originated in the mid 1930s., became a key event of the Soviet period, had a significant impact on the economy and social life and it also formed a new type of the best workers, whose image is firmly entrenched in the historical memory of society. The article analyzes the value orientations of the participants of the Stakhanov movement, the nature of the perception of time and environment, man and collective by the best workers, features of work ethics and political culture, which generally became the basis for the formation of stable motives of labor enthusiasm. The author concludes that the Stakhanovists were a special social phenomenon that as much as possible absorbed the typical features of the Soviet worker and became the result of ideological work on the part of the state, the party and the Komsomol.

Equivariant algebraic K-theory, G-theory and derived completions

In the mid 1980s, while working on establishing completion theorems for equivariant Algebraic K-Theory similar to the well-known Atiyah-Segal completion theorem for equivariant topological K-theory, the late Robert Thomason found the strong finiteness conditions that are required in such theorems to be too restrictive. Then he made a conjecture on the existence of a completion theorem in the sense of Atiyah and Segal for equivariant algebraic G-theory, for actions of linear algebraic groups on schemes that holds without any of the strong finiteness conditions that are required in such theorems proven by him, and also appearing in the original Atiyah-Segal theorem. The main goal of the present paper is to provide a proof of this conjecture in as broad a context as possible, making use of the technique of derived completion, and to consider several of the applications.Our solution is broad enough to allow actions by all linear algebraic groups, irrespective of whether they are connected or not, and acting on any quasi-projective scheme of finite type over a field, irrespective of whether they are regular or projective. This allows us therefore to consider the equivariant algebraic G-Theory of large classes of varieties like all toric varieties (for the action of a torus) and all spherical varieties (for the action of a reductive group). Restricting to actions by split tori, we are also able to consider actions on algebraic spaces. Moreover, the restriction that the base scheme be a field is also not required often, but is put in mainly to simplify some of our exposition. These enable us to obtain a wide range of applications, some of which are briefly sketched and which we plan to explore in detail in the future. In fact, we discuss an extension of our results to equivariant homotopy K-theory along with various Riemann-Roch theorems in a sequel. A comparison of our results with previously known results, none of which made use of derived completions, shows that without the use of derived completions one can only obtain results which are indeed very restrictive.

Evidence of hybridization between genetically distinct Baltic cod stocks during peak population abundance(s).

Range expansions can lead to increased contact of divergent populations, thus increasing the potential of hybridization events. Whether viable hybrids are produced will most likely depend on the level of genomic divergence and associated genomic incompatibilities between the different entities as well as environmental conditions. By taking advantage of historical Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) otolith samples combined with genotyping and whole genome sequencing, we here investigate the genetic impact of the increased spawning stock biomass of the eastern Baltic cod stock in the mid 1980s. The eastern Baltic cod is genetically highly differentiated from the adjacent western Baltic cod and locally adapted to the brackish environmental conditions in the deeper Eastern basins of the Baltic Sea unsuitable for its marine counterparts. Our genotyping results show an increased proportion of eastern Baltic cod in western Baltic areas (Mecklenburg Bay and Arkona Basin)-indicative of a range expansion westwards-during the peak population abundance in the 1980s. Additionally, we detect high frequencies of potential hybrids (including F1, F2 and backcrosses), verified by whole genome sequencing data for a subset of individuals. Analysis of mitochondrial genomes further indicates directional gene flow from eastern Baltic cod males to western Baltic cod females. Our findings unravel that increased overlap in distribution can promote hybridization between highly divergent populations and that the hybrids can be viable and survive under specific and favourable environmental conditions. However, the observed hybridization had seemingly no long-lasting impact on the continuous separation and genetic differentiation between the unique Baltic cod stocks.

카자흐스탄 권위주의 체제에서의 정치적 반대와 정부의 대응

The aim of this article is to give a diachronic analysis of the processes in which political opposition and government’s responses towards it have unfolded in Kazakhstan’s authoritarian regime. The first generation of political opposition in Kazakhstan was the social movements that were organized on the initiative of intelligentsia from the late Soviet period to the early 1990s and raised national and environmental issues. Nazarbayev’s government responded to this type of political opposition with repression and co-optation. The second generation of political opposition in the form of a profit-seeking party arose from the late 1990s to the early and mid 2000s. The responses of Nazarbayev’s government towards it were strong repression and offensive discourse. Since 2010s the third generation of political opposition in the new form of a mass protest has been rising up and Kazakhstan’s government has been responding to it with repression and offensive discourse as before. But the same way of responses as before in different conditions of state-society relations has not achieved the effect of stabilization of the regime.

Тавассул, истигаса и рабита как элементы суфийской ритуальной практики в контексте критики дагестанскими реформаторами-просветителями первой трети XX века

At the beginning of the 20th century, the ideas of Muslim reformism spread widely in the North Caucasus. Dagestani enlightening reformers (renovationists) in their works dealt with a wide variety of issues, such as the reform of Islamic education, Muslim law, “the women's question”, combating obso-lete adats, etc. On the whole, the reformers had a positive attitude toward Sufism, but criticized such elements of Sufi ritual practice as tavassul, istigasa, and rabita. Some of them went to even greater ex-tremes and even denied the legitimacy of Sufism from the point of view of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. This mainly concerned such disciples and followers of Ali Kayaev (1878–1943) as Mukhammad Abdar-rashida al-Harakani (1900–1927), Mukhammad ‘Umari al-Uhli (1897 – the mid 1940s), Mas'ud al-Muhuhi (1893–1941), Abdarrahim al-Aimaki (died in the 1980s), and Magomed-Said Saidov (1902–1985). Dagestani renovationists of the first third of the 20th century were representatives of the ethical direction in Islamic thought characterized by a modernizing orientation in their programmes, including in matters of Sufism. They set themselves the task of spiritual education of the Muslims of Dagestan under the conditions of an industrial society and scientific advancement at the beginning of the 20th century. The issue of spiritual purification through a new perception of Islam was part of their pro-gramme aimed to form a new inner image and worldview foundations of a Muslim, a citizen of the country and an architect of a new society in a difficult transition period of the era. To do this, they as-pired to “adapt” religion by finding and interpreting new ways for the progressive development of socie-ty with the goal of peaceful and equal integration of Muslims in the North Caucasus into the Russian legal space.

P108 Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics in cystic fibrosis population from Republic of Moldova

Specialized centered clinical care for cystic fibrosis (CF) in Republic of Moldova has been implemented since the mid 2000s. However, with no neonatal screening, the diagnosis is late and complications like malnourishment and high prevalence of P. aeruginosa infection at diagnosis are common.

From broadcast media to distributed systems – John Hartley’s ‘cultural science’ and the future of ‘old’ cultural studies

ABSTRACT The paper assesses the significance for media and cultural studies of the collaborative interdisciplinary project initiated by John Hartley in the mid 2000s under the rubric of ‘cultural science’. It suggests that, in the case at least of Hartley’s own work, the project could be understood as an attempt to pivot cultural studies from an engagement with centre-periphery conceptual schemas associated with print and broadcast media to an idea of distributed systems. The way it does so is very revealing as to prospects of the concept of culture in the wake of half a century of neoliberal institutional reform. The paper finds the claim to scientificity confused and misleading, inhibiting engagement from what Hartley now calls ‘old’ cultural studies. However, the lines of argument can be pushed further than cultural science has itself been prepared to do, opening new possibilities for cultural studies and new possibilities for how we might imagine our collective future.

Master Data Management Disruptive Modern Architecture

Master Data Management concept came into the mainstream during the mid 2000s, to generate a single Golden profile of the customer. As the Enterprise IT architecture started adopting and integrating various Commercial Products for CRM, ERP, Finance, HR, Supply Change Management etc. along with other homegrown custom apps, the information around the Customer started drifting across the various applications which resulted in various inefficiencies in day-to-day business operation. Master Data Management tools and technologies provide a way to perform identity resolution and survive latest and greatest information. Traditionally, the MDM tools always adopt a lean approach that uses minimal attributions to identify the smallest amount of (master) data with the biggest influence on business outcomes like Name, Phone, SSN, Email and Address. These constitute only less than 1% of the enterprise data, In the age of generative AI, there is a greater need to understand the context and the relationship of ALL data. This paper explores an alternate approach to mitigate the shortcomings of the currently available MDM tools

Katyń before the “népbíróságok”: How the Hungarian people’s courts suppressed the truth on the massacre of Polish officers

As the judicial practice of the Hungarian people’s courts (népbíróságok) in matters related to Katyń remains relatively unknown, this article’s objective is to address this area of historical (as well as legal) research. It focuses on demonstrating general outlines of the problem by a detailed analysis of some of the most notable cases against Hungarian major war criminals. It seeks to explain the role these proceedings played within the the policy of obliterating the memory of Katyń and why the members of pre-war ruling elite were charged on the grounds of their activities concerning the Katyń massacre. Furthermore, this article attempts to demonstrate in what way these accusations were important in proceedings against major Hungarian war criminals. What was the legal basis invoked whenever the defendants were accused of Katyń-related issues? How did the People’s Courts handle these charges? And finally, what (if any) was the eventual role of the Soviets in the proceedings? As the matter under examination lies at the crossroads of history and law (as legal judgments that mentioned Katyń in their content are the center of the analysis), the methodology used compiles the process traditionally used in historical research with standard legal interpretation tools. Combining both methods while analyzing the object through the lens of the judiciary perspective, this article places the outcomes of the examined legal proceedings in a broader historical context that allows noticing the legacies produced by People’s Courts sealing the Soviet lies in mid 1940s. This article posits that during proceedings and in judgments, Katyń was only discussed at the margins of primary considerations. Besides, at the current stage of scientific development, there’s a lack of evidence that the Soviets exerted any pressures on the Hungarian judiciary, at least in the aspects concerning matters related to Katyń. Neither were they interested in using Hungarian judiciary channels to pursue their own specific Katyń-related goals, still less to use them as a tribune to minimize their failure in attributing the responsibility for this crime to the Nazis in Nuremberg. It seems, therefore, that Katyń-related cases before the népbíróságok were solely intra-domestically oriented, and their goals never went beyond one of the instruments of obliterating the memory of Katyń within Hungarian society. Still, they produced some concrete social effects nonetheless. Firstly, as the criminal prosecutions were just only one of the plethora of instruments set in motion to eradicate the memory about Katyń in Hungary, their deterrent or dissuasive effect (especially during the Stalinist era) should not be underestimated. Secondly, by placing Katyń within the context of the antisemitic crimes for which some of the defendants were sentenced to death, the legacy left by the People’s Courts dramatically complicated the decoupling process of the Soviet murder of Polish officers from the rest of Nazi/Arrow Cross propaganda. This confusion makes the Katyń tragedy a hostage of the discussion on the People’s Court’s role as such. Finally, as the analysis below is limited to some most notable cases of Hungarian major war criminals, this article plays only an indicatory role. Therefore, setting aside these conclusions, one should not forget that many additional questions (e.g. the total number of people sentenced or otherwise punished for “Katyń propaganda,” comparative approaches with similar processes in other East-Central European states) still beg further research.

Trade liberalisation and export competitiveness of Indian manufacturing industries: some explanations

India embraced open trade policy from 1990s onwards, following the Economic Reforms of 1991, by reducing import tariffs and opening up Indian markets to competition. The expectation from this reform was that the Indian industry would be more competitive. By mid 2000s, India was not only an open economy, however, it was on its way to effect across-the-board reductions/elimination of tariffs and other non-tariff barriers by formalising FTAs and CEPAs several prominent trade partners. Although, trade to GDP ratio has increased from 13% in 1990 to 27% in 2019-20, import dependence of India, especially on China has increased manifold. The paper has delved into the trade policy evolution that led India to open up and increase its presence in the global trade market. However, an industry level Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis reveals that the loss in export competitiveness in six industries at NIC 4-digit level, since 2000-01 to 2017-18, retarded the growth potential in exports that India could have claimed with a phased opening up of trade. These industries were mainly in the textiles and apparel sector and gems and jewellery sector. The industry level factors such as lower productivity growth, higher unit labour costs and presence of low levels of technology are prominent factors that explain the export performance of India that we observe.

Prospects and Contestations- Quad’s Import

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (hereafter mentioned as Quad) is the brainchild of ex-Japanese Prime Minister and statesman Shinzo Abe whose acute diplomatic foresight was par-excellence. As early as in mid 2000s, he had envisioned the Quad as a cumulative gathering of the four most prominent powers of the region- India, Australia, USA and Japan, to facilitate the growth and prosperity of the entire region. China’s insatiable territorial ambitions and its tendency of bullying the smaller countries into submission, its overarching Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) had a key role in precipitating the realization of the platform. Quad’s manifestation is underpinned by the cherished objectives of aiding the regional powers in meeting their developmental and humanitarian needs, in an atmosphere free from any animosity and undue interference in their internal affairs. It further seeks to create a healthy atmosphere in the Indo-Pacific so that all the countries can flourish together and work upon one’s strength for the sake of betterment of the whole region. Indo-Pacific was envisioned as a single strategic space where any tumultuous activity in one area would inevitably cause churn in the other. This paper focuses upon the promises, outlook and inherent challenges that lay within the whole premise of the superstructure of Quad. Effort has been put to lay bare, its genesis and the need behind its effective functioning.

‘Lumen’, Sutapa Biswas, Autograph, London, 4 March 2022 – 4 June 2022. Catalogue: Ed. Amy Tobin, Ridinghouse, London, 2021, 128 pages, paperback, ISBN 9781909932647, £25.

Sutapa Biswas’s recent film, Lumen (2021), poetically recounts the departure of the artist's family from India during the mid 1960s and the impact their movement to the United Kingdom had upon Biswas herself. Through tracking the film’s emotive and contextually rich movements across space and time, this review explores how Biswas’ Lumen centres the experiences of women from the South Asian diaspora. 

An Overview of Lyme Disease in Europe

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic DiseasesVol. 23, No. 4 IntroductionFree AccessAn Overview of Lyme Disease in EuropeStephen Higgs and Catherine A. BrissetteStephen HiggsAddress correspondence to: Stephen Higgs, Editor-in-Chief, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases E-mail Address: shiggs@bri.ksu.eduEditor-in-Chief, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.Search for more papers by this author and Catherine A. BrissetteDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:12 Apr 2023https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2023.29006.higAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Lyme disease is a high profile, and often controversial and emotive topic in the United States and as described hereunder, Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases (VBZ) has been at the forefront for dissemination of new information. However, many VBZ subscribers may not realize the significance of Lyme disease in Europe. This dedicated issue of VBZ, prepared by researchers from many different countries, presents data and resources to elevate awareness and inform our international readership on the importance of Lyme in Europe.For >20 years, VBZ has published articles on all aspects of Lyme disease, indeed the first editor Durland Fish was a highly respected and productive Lyme disease researcher, and the establishment of the journal in 2001 was in large part based on his passion to establish a resource for data related to Lyme disease. In a report published in 2018, it was estimated that between 2004 and 2016, the number of annually reported tick-borne diseases had doubled, and of the reported 491,671 cases, >80% were Lyme disease (Rosenberg et al., 2018).Cases of a previously unnamed diseases, initially thought to be juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, had been occurring since the mid 1970s in the Connecticut town of Lyme. What was initially called Lyme arthritis, was renamed to Lyme disease, due to the range and complexity of symptoms. Patients with symptoms consistent with Lyme disease, progressing to chronic arthritis, were subsequently identified in multiple states. Although a hard tick vector Ixodes dammini (now Ix. scapularis) was implicated, the etiologic agent remained elusive.In 1982, Burgdorfer et al. (1982) successfully identified the agent that caused Lyme disease. Spirochete bacteria isolated from ticks collected in New York and cultured in vitro were found to react with serum collected from Lyme disease patients, and with this essential clue, bacteria were subsequently isolated from patient tissues.As mentioned earlier, Lyme disease is, because of its name, regarded by many as a U.S. disease, but ironically, symptoms consistent with Lyme disease had been described in Europe in the 1880s (Buchwald, 1883). Cases of the disease presenting as chronic skin disorders (erythema migrans), sometimes associated with nervous system disorders, were subsequently described from multiple countries in Europe, and the first successful treatment using antibiotics was accomplished in 1949. Although an etiologic agent remained unknown, the treatment suggested that this must be bacterial. Although the possibility that the disease might be caused by pathogens transmitted by ticks was suggested in 1923 (Lipschutz, 1923), this was unconfirmed.With discoveries published in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States, isolates of the new species of Borrelia were soon obtained from both ticks and patients by European scientists. The new species was described in 1984 as Borrelia burgdorferi (Johnson et al., 1984). Various genotypes of the spirochete were later described as Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii, which also cause Lyme disease symptoms.In this special issue of VBZ, 11 articles, by 38 coauthors with multiple affiliations in many different countries, provide much needed information to better understand the importance of Lyme disease in Europe, data for specific countries and implications for public health. All articles contained within this special issue have been peer reviewed by VBZ. This is not a sponsored supplement. Refer to each individual article for proper disclosures.ReferencesBuchwald A. A case of diffuse idiopathic skin atrophy [in German]. Arch Dermatol Syphilis 1883;10:553–556. Crossref, Google ScholarBurgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, et al. Lyme disease—A tick borne spirochetosis. Science 1982;216:1317–1319. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarJohnson RC, Schmid GO, Hyde FW, et al. Borrelia burgdorferi sp.nov.: Etiologic agent of Lyme disease. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1984;34:496–497. Crossref, Google ScholarLipschutz B. Further contributions to the knowledge of “Erythema chronicum migrans” [in German]. Arch Dermatol Syphilis 1923;143:365–374. Google ScholarRosenberg R, Lindsey NP, Fischer M, et al. Vital signs: Trends in reported vectorborne disease cases—United States and territories, 2004–2016. MMWR 2018;67:496–501. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 23Issue 4Apr 2023 InformationCopyright 2023, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Stephen Higgs and Catherine A. Brissette.An Overview of Lyme Disease in Europe.Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.Apr 2023.137-138.http://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2023.29006.higPublished in Volume: 23 Issue 4: April 12, 2023PDF download

Scientific and Technological Revolution in the XX Century

The article analyzes the course and main results of the Scientific and technological revolution (NTR) of the middle and (partly) the second half of the 20th century – from the first tests of the atomic bomb to the introduction of personal computers and the Internet. The period of 1940 – 1980s. is most typical for fundamental innovations in nuclear energy, microelectronics, in the areas of industrial automation, space exploration, creation of polymers with predetermined properties and for the events of the «green revolution». Special attention is paid to the areas of NTR, in which our country has long been in the group of leading states. The question of the reasons for the scientific and technical backwardness of the USSR from the leading countries of the world (since the mid 1970s) is discussed. In conclusion, the general features of an economic model that can bring our country to the forefront of scientific and technological progress are outlined.

‘I am a Punk, I Don’t Give a Damn!’ Chez Narcisse: A Rural Place of Resistance

Chez Narcisse is a bar located on the threshold of the southern Vosges, in the east of France, that has been run by the same family for over 120 years. Its particularity lies in the fact that since the mid 1980s, it has included a concert hall in the garden behind the bar, which punk bands use to play. This place brings together a bar that is anchored in the daily life of the village and these festive events, which always take place on Sunday evenings. Chez Narcisse thus appears as a ‘double’ space that emphasizes the search for independence and culture in a rural environment. An ethnographic research carried out in this place since January 2017 highlights how the DIY ethos is as much a way of doing things as a purpose. The punk ethos of DIY is claimed by the owners, volunteers, musicians and stakeholders of Chez Narcisse in order to build its identity as an ‘alternative’ place well known in the contemporary French punk scene. By taking up James C. Scott’s work, the aim is to understand how Chez Narcisse is a social site of resistance and the role that DIY plays in it. To do this, I will first present the construction of this alternative place which articulates both a local and rural level and a global one (the concerts and the venue attract punks from all over France). A performance upstage testifies to a veiled but very present resistance, based on a family imaginary. The second part aims at highlighting the daily forms of resistance at Chez Narcisse expressed through the use of DIY. Thus, this place would be less ‘punk’ through programmed music than through the use of DIY as a value to defend and a project to share.

프랑스의 영향력 외교와 루브르-아부다비 박물관

This paper aims to analyze the political and economic effects as well as cultural and diplomatic attributes of the establishment of an overseas branch of Louvre Museum, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. If the role of the museum as an actor of cultural diplomacy was previously only to exchange works with foreign museums, from the mid 2000s, it played a much more active role through the internationalization of museums. In the case of France, the rise of museum diplomacy coincides with the full-fledged beginning of Diplomacy of Influence(diplomatie d'influence), a French public diplomacy, which shows that French cultural diplomacy has shifted from the previous defensive method to the offensive use of its cultural assets. With a entrepreneurial approach, France revises its strategy to use cultural brands as tools to spread their cultural rayonnement. The mid 2000s was a time when France's status in the United Arab Emirates was overturned by the United States. At a time when France's influence in the United Arab Emirates declined, France was able to strengthen cooperation in Abu Dhabi's aviation and defense fields through the Louvre-Abu Dhabi bilateral cultural cooperation, and further laid the foundation for promoting bilateral political cooperation.