Microclimate Temperature Research Articles

Localised climate change defines ant communities in human‐modified tropical landscapes

Abstract Logging and habitat conversion create hotter microclimates in tropical forest landscapes, representing a powerful form of localised anthropogenic climate change. It is widely believed that these emergent conditions are responsible for driving changes in communities of organisms found in modified tropical forests, although the empirical evidence base for this is lacking. Here we investigated how interactions between the physiological traits of genera and the environmental temperatures they experience lead to functional and compositional changes in communities of ants, a key organism in tropical forest ecosystems. We found that the abundance and activity of ant genera along a gradient of forest disturbance in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, was defined by an interaction between their thermal tolerance (CTmax) and environmental temperature. In more disturbed, warmer habitats, genera with high CTmax had increased relative abundance and functional activity, and those with low CTmax had decreased relative abundance and functional activity. This interaction determined abundance changes between primary and logged forest that differed in daily maximum temperature by a modest 1.1°C, and strengthened as the change in microclimate increased with disturbance. Between habitats that differed by 5.6°C (primary forest to oil palm) and 4.5°C (logged forest to oil palm), a 1°C difference in CTmax among genera led to a 23% and 16% change in relative abundance, and a 22% and 17% difference in functional activity. CTmax was negatively correlated with body size and trophic position, with ants becoming significantly smaller and less predatory as microclimate temperatures increased. Our results provide evidence to support the widely held, but never directly tested, assumption that physiological tolerances underpin the influence of disturbance‐induced microclimate change on the abundance and function of invertebrates in tropical landscapes. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Leaf gas exchange and bean quality fluctuations over the whole canopy vertical profile of Arabic coffee cultivated under elevated CO2

Leaves in different positions respond differently to dynamic fluctuations in light availability, temperature and to multiple environmental stresses. The current hypothesis states that elevated atmospheric CO2 (e[CO2]) can compensate for the negative effects of water scarcity regarding leaf gas exchanges and coffee bean quality traits over the canopy vertical profile, in interactions with light and temperature microclimate during the two final stages of berry development. Responses of Coffea arabica L. were observed in the 5th year of a free air CO2 enrichment experiment (FACE) under water-limited rainfed conditions. The light dependent leaf photosynthesis curves (A/PAR) were modelled for leaves sampled from vertical profile divided into four 50-cm thick layers. e[CO2] significantly increased gross photosynthesis (AmaxGross), the apparent quantum yield efficiency, light compensation point, light saturation point (LSP) and dark respiration rate (Rd). As a specific stage response, considering berry ripening, all parameters calculated from A/PAR were insensitive to leaf position over the vertical profile. Lack of a progressive increase in AmaxGross and LSP was observed over the whole canopy profile in both stages, especially in the two lowest layers, indicating leaf plasticity to light. Negative correlation of Rd to leaf temperature (TL) was observed under e[CO2] in both stages. Under e[CO2], stomatal conductance was also negatively correlated with TL, reducing leaf transpiration and Rd even with increasing TL. This indicated coffee leaf acclimation to elevated temperatures under e[CO2] and water restriction. The e[CO2] attenuation occurred under water restriction, especially in A and water use efficiency, in both stages, with the exception of the lowest two layers. Under e[CO2], coffee produced berries in moderate- and high light level layers, with homogeneous distribution among them, contrasted to the heterogeneous distribution under actual CO2. e[CO2] led to increased caffeine content in the highest layer, with reduction of chlorogenic acid and lipids under moderate light and to raised levels of sugar in the shaded low layer. The ability of coffee to respond to e[CO2] under limited soil water was expressed through the integrated individual leaf capacities to use the available light and water, resulting in final plant investments in new reproductive structures in moderate and high light level layers.

Land cover affects microclimate and temperature suitability for arbovirus transmission in an urban landscape.

The emergence of mosquito-transmitted viruses poses a global threat to human health. Combining mechanistic epidemiological models based on temperature-trait relationships with climatological data is a powerful technique for environmental risk assessment. However, a limitation of this approach is that the local microclimates experienced by mosquitoes can differ substantially from macroclimate measurements, particularly in heterogeneous urban environments. To address this scaling mismatch, we modeled spatial variation in microclimate temperatures and the thermal potential for dengue transmission by Aedes albopictus across an urban-to-rural gradient in Athens-Clarke County GA. Microclimate data were collected across gradients of tree cover and impervious surface cover. We developed statistical models to predict daily minimum and maximum microclimate temperatures using coarse-resolution gridded macroclimate data (4000 m) and high-resolution land cover data (30 m). The resulting high-resolution microclimate maps were integrated with temperature-dependent mosquito abundance and vectorial capacity models to generate monthly predictions for the summer and early fall of 2018. The highest vectorial capacities were predicted for patches of trees in urban areas with high cover of impervious surfaces. Vectorial capacity was most sensitive to tree cover during the summer and became more sensitive to impervious surfaces in the early fall. Predictions from the same models using temperature data from a local meteorological station consistently over-predicted vectorial capacity compared to the microclimate-based estimates. This work demonstrates that it is feasible to model variation in mosquito microenvironments across an urban-to-rural gradient using satellite Earth observations. Epidemiological models applied to the microclimate maps revealed localized patterns of temperature suitability for disease transmission that would not be detectable using macroclimate data. Incorporating microclimate data into disease transmission models has the potential to yield more spatially precise and ecologically interpretable metrics of mosquito-borne disease transmission risk in urban landscapes.

خنک سازی محیطهای شهری و تأثیر آن بر تغییرات اقلیمی در محلات سنتی و سکونتگاههای غیررسمی از طریق آسایش حرارتی بیرونی (نمونه موردی محلات عاملی ، قلعه ساختمان و شهرک حجت شهر مشهد)

خنک سازی محیطهای شهری و تأثیر آن بر تغییرات اقلیمی در محلات سنتی و سکونتگاههای غیررسمی از طریق آسایش حرارتی بیرونی (نمونه موردی محلات عاملی ، قلعه ساختمان و شهرک حجت شهر مشهد)

Higher comfort temperature preferences for anthropometrically matched Chinese and Japanese versus white-western-middle-European individuals using a personal comfort / cooling system

PurposeTo investigate potential differences in preferred Personal Comfort Systems (PCS) settings of Japanese and Han-Chinese versus white-western-middle-Europeans. MethodA series of five experiments (n=167) with similar methodology is reported that allowed participants to self-select their preferred PCS outlet air temperature in a warm controlled climatic chamber setup with and without solar radiation. Test groups were matched for age, height, weight, body-surface-area and body-mass-index to remove the influence of these confounding factors on the results. Participants were first exposed to solar radiation (exp-1-4; simulating glazed building without proper shading or a car) before starting to control the outlet temperature of the PCS, or (exp-5, simulating warm building) were exposed to a warm room temperature and immediately could control the PCS. Ethnicity effects were studied through the chosen preferred PCS outlet temperatures and the microclimate temperature close to the participants’ chest. ResultsIn all experiments, Asian groups selected a PCS outlet temperature significantly higher, on average by 5 °C, leading to a 1.9 °C higher microclimate temperature at chest level. While absolute selected temperatures of the PCS differed between experiments, related to different designs of the PCS and climate conditions, no interaction between ethnicity and experiment was present. ConclusionsDespite removing important confounding factors that could explain earlier observed differences between Asian and white western middle-European ethnicities tested, a substantial, consistently higher thermal preference temperature of the PCS was found in the two Asian groups. This has implications for the design parameters of PCS for use in offices or air-conditioning systems in cars.

Spatial-temporal analysis of changes in land-cover and land surface temperature (LST) within Universiti Putra Malaysia campus area

The urban forest is one of the typical vegetation-covered space in an urban area. The existence and development of the urban forest commonly found within the university campus site. The ecological and environmental characteristics in a university campus site usually resemble and similar to the urban area. The physical environment of the campus area is gradually changing due to development and improvement purposes, and it is impacting the land-cover on the surface. Changing the physical element of the surface will affect the absorption of the sun radiation, and further, it is changing the dynamic of the micro-climatic condition or temperature within the surrounding area. The primary focus of the research is to observe the impact of land-cover change on the land surface temperature (LST) within the campus area. Universiti Putra Malaysia is one of the largest campuses located in the urban area of Serdang district, state of Selangor. The dynamic changes in this site observed through multi-temporal Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS level 1 imageries. Datasets from 2013 to 2015 were collected to employ spatial-temporal analysis on land-cover changes, as well as the LST algorithm to monitor the surface temperature. The result shows that there was an increasing surface temperature during 2013-2015, the maximum LST in September 2015 was found at 32.17 °C, it is higher than the maximum LST in September 2013 (28.84 °C). The result shows that there was an increasing surface temperature during 2013-2015, which corresponds with the inclining built-up area. The research concluded that changes in land-cover would affect the spatial-temporal land surface temperature at University Putra Malaysia.

Modeling of hygrothermal behavior for green facade's concrete wall exposed to nordic climate using artificial intelligence and global sensitivity analysis

Green facades are one of the most promising natural-based solutions for buildings. Notwithstanding, in regions with variating weather such as the northern hemisphere, these can be counterproductive for the structures due to humidity retention. For these reasons, this work presents the development of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to estimate the hygrothermal behavior inside a concrete wall protected by a second foliage skin. The database used for model formation was obtained through measurements made in an Accelerated Weathering Laboratory (AWL) to emulate the Nordic climatic conditions for a typical year. The ANN-hygrothermal model was trained in function of the parameters: environment relative humidity, ambient temperature, microclimate's relative humidity, microclimate's temperature, and the separation distance between the vegetation and the wall. The statistical results of the model demonstrated successful adaptability and great generalization capacity for both internal temperature (R2 = 99.98% for training and R2 = 99.95% for testing) and internal humidity (R2 = 99.16% for training and R2 = 99.17% for testing). Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was implemented, showing that the most influential variable in the estimation of both hygrothermal parameters is the ambient temperature and that the separation distance has a significant impact on the humidity produced inside the wall. Finally, the presented computational approach can be implemented in non-invasive monitoring systems or as a complementary tool in studies of concrete degradation due to humidity.

Nest construction, ambient temperature and reproductive success in a cavity-nesting bird

Nest construction is a widespread behaviour that is a critical fitness investment in many taxa. Nests provide stable environments for offspring production, development and at times adult survival. Avian nest structure and composition has been linked to insulative properties and the reduction of energetic requirements for incubating females. However, it is unclear how and why nest structure varies across landscapes within and between species, especially in cavity-nesting species. Here we examined nest size in a secondary cavity nester, the mountain chickadee, Poecile gambeli. Nests were measured across two years at two elevations varying in ambient temperature to test whether variation in nest size was associated with local ambient temperatures and internal nest cavity microclimate. Despite both elevations having high variation in ambient temperature during nest building in both years, there were no significant relationships between multiple nest measurements and temperature. Nest size was highly consistent between years within females, suggesting that individual females are the best predictor of nest size. Large variation in nest size, internal nest cavity microclimate temperature and ambient temperature during development in one year was not associated with significant differences in reproduction; but fluctuating asymmetry, a measure of developmental stress, was significantly lower in fledglings at the higher-elevation site independent of temperature. However, there were no significant differences between elevations in the second year for any reproductive parameter. Overall, our results suggest that chickadees do not adjust nest size in response to large differences in ambient or microclimate temperature and that large variation in nest size, both across and within sites, is a result of consistent individual preferences, which do not seem to have clear fitness consequences.

Decreased temperature variance associated with biotic composition enhances coastal shrub encroachment

Regime shift from grasslands to shrub-dominated landscapes occur worldwide driven by altered land-use and climate change, affecting landscape function, biodiversity, and productivity. Warming winter temperatures are a main driver of expansion of the native, evergreen shrub, Morella cerifera, in coastal landscapes. Shrub establishment in these habitats alters microclimate, but little is known about seasonal differences and microclimate variance. We assessed influence of shrubs on microclimate variance, community composition, and community physiological functioning across three vegetation zones: grass, transitional, and shrub in a coastal grassland. Using a novel application of a time-series analysis, we interpret microclimatic variance modification and elucidate mechanisms of shrub encroachment at the Virginia Coast Reserve, Long-Term Ecological Research site. As shrub thickets form, diversity is reduced with little grass/forb cover, while transpiration and annual productivity increase. Shrub thickets significantly reduced temperature variance with a positive influence of one day on the next in maximum air, minimum air, and maximum ground temperature. We also show that microclimatic temperature moderation reduces summer extreme temperatures in transition areas, even before coalescence into full thickets. Encroachment of Morella cerifera on the Virginia barrier islands is driven by reduced local exposure to cold temperatures and enhanced by abiotic microclimatic modification and biotic physiological functioning. This shift in plant community composition from grassland to shrub thicket alters the role of barrier islands in productivity and can have impacts on the natural resilience of the islands.

An IoT-Based Thermoelectric Air Management Framework for Smart Building Applications: A Case Study for Tropical Climate

This study investigates the performance of the thermoelectric air conditioning (TE-AC) system smartly controlled by the Internet of Things (IoT)-based configuration for real tropical climatic application. Air cooling management was done through thermoelectric coolers, and an Arduino microcontroller with various sensors such as a temperature sensor, simple RF modules, and actuators was used to control the indoor climatic conditions based on outdoor conditions. The result shows that when the input power supply to the IoT-based TE-AC system is increased, the cooling capacity of the framework is also enhanced. Significant power and carbon emission reduction was observed for the IoT-based TE-AC system as compared to the TE-AC system without IoT. The IoT-incorporated system also ensures better microclimatic temperature control. Additionally, the system cooling capacity improves by 14.0%, and the coefficient of performance is increased by 46.3%. Thus, this study provides a smart solution to the two major energy harvesting issues of traditional air conditioners—an increase in energy efficiency by employing a TE-AC system and a further improvement in efficiency by using an IoT-based thermal management system.

Ground-truthing climate-matching predictions in a post-release evaluation

Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) is an invasive alien cactus which has negative impacts on indigenous plant biodiversity in South Africa. Catorhintha schaffneri Barilovsky & Garcia (Coreidae), the pereskia stem-wilter, was collected at coastal sites in the subtropical region of Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil and released as a biological control agent to control P. aculeata, in South Africa, in 2014. The introduced distribution of P. aculeata covers a wide variety of climatic conditions which was expected to influence the establishment success of the new agent. The thermal tolerance of C. schaffneri was investigated by developing a degree-day model and calculating the thermal limits of the species. The influence of humidity on egg hatchability and adult survival was also investigated. These data were then used to determine where the agent was likely to establish in South Africa using both weather station and microclimate temperature data. To ground-truth these predictions, sixteen release sites were selected covering a wide range of climatic conditions in the introduced distribution. Three releases of 30 adult C. schaffneri were conducted at each site and population establishment was recorded. Field establishment was recorded at only two of the sixteen experimental release sites. Low winter temperatures were predicted to prevent establishment at seven of the sixteen sites, but nine sites were considered climatically suitable according to the agent’s thermal physiology. Low rainfall and humidity could explain why the agent did not survive at some sites with suitable thermal climates. Many of the thermally suitable sites were affected by a severe drought over the course of the experiment, so further releases during periods with average rainfall and humidity are warranted and could confirm whether the drought was a significant factor influencing the failure of the agent to establish. Although climatic-matching and thermal physiology studies are valuable for tentative predictions of establishment success, there are numerous variables involved that require ground-truthing. Releasing the agent over a wide range of climatic zones believed to be within the thermal limits of the agent, and following releases with detailed post-release evaluations may be the best method of determining where future releases should be focused.

Thermal comfort and virtual reality headsets

This study proposed to investigate the thermal properties and subjective thermal discomfort of five virtual reality headsets, and their relationships. Twenty-seven university students used each of the five headsets for 45 min. Microclimate temperature and relative humidity were measured by miniature dataloggers. Infrared thermography was used to measure temperature distribution on the contact points between user's face and the headsets. Participants reported subjective thermal discomfort associated with using each headset.The average microclimate temperature and relative humidity increased by 7.8 °C and 3.5% respectively after headset use. Overall subjective thermal discomfort increased along with duration of use and came primarily from the display. Applying the linear mixed-effects model showed that subjective thermal discomfort is positively correlated with duration of use, microclimate temperature, relative humidity and display coverage area. Conversely, thermal discomfort is negatively correlated with total coverage area, with microclimate temperature acting as the most significant contributing factor. The headsets were ranked by pairing the objective measurements with subjective evaluations.

Aerosol measurement methods to quantify spore emissions from fungi and cryptogamic covers in the Amazon

Abstract. Bioaerosols are considered to play a relevant role in atmospheric processes, but their sources, properties, and spatiotemporal distribution in the atmosphere are not yet well characterized. In the Amazon Basin, primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) account for a large fraction of coarse particulate matter, and fungal spores are among the most abundant PBAPs in this area as well as in other vegetated continental regions. Furthermore, PBAPs could also be important ice nuclei in Amazonia. Measurement data on the release of fungal spores under natural conditions, however, are sparse. Here we present an experimental approach to analyze and quantify the spore release from fungi and other spore-producing organisms under natural and laboratory conditions. For measurements under natural conditions, the samples were kept in their natural environment and a setup was developed to estimate the spore release numbers and sizes as well as the microclimatic factors temperature and air humidity in parallel to the mesoclimatic parameters net radiation, rain, and fog occurrence. For experiments in the laboratory, we developed a cuvette to assess the particle size and number of newly released fungal spores under controlled conditions, simultaneously measuring temperature and relative humidity inside the cuvette. Both approaches were combined with bioaerosol sampling techniques to characterize the released particles using microscopic methods. For fruiting bodies of the basidiomycetous species, Rigidoporus microporus, the model species for which these techniques were tested, the highest frequency of spore release occurred in the range from 62 % to 96 % relative humidity. The results obtained for this model species reveal characteristic spore release patterns linked to environmental or experimental conditions, indicating that the moisture status of the sample may be a regulating factor, whereas temperature and light seem to play a minor role for this species. The presented approach enables systematic studies aimed at the quantification and validation of spore emission rates and inventories, which can be applied to a regional mapping of cryptogamic organisms under given environmental conditions.

External temperature and distance from nearest entrance influence microclimates of cave and culvert-roosting tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus).

Many North American bat species hibernate in both natural and artificial roosts. Although hibernacula can have high internal climate stability, they still retain spatial variability in their thermal regimes, resulting in various “microclimates” throughout the roost that differ in their characteristics (e.g., temperature and air moisture). These microclimate components can be influenced by factors such as the number of entrances, the depth of the roost, and distance to the nearest entrance of the roost. Tri‐colored bats are commonly found roosting in caves in winter, but they can also be found roosting in large numbers in culverts, providing the unique opportunity to investigate factors influencing microclimates of bats in both natural and artificial roost sites. As tri‐colored bats are currently under consideration for federal listing, information of this type could be useful in aiding in the conservation and management of this species through a better understanding of what factors affect the microclimate near roosting bats. We collected data on microclimate temperature and microclimate actual water vapor pressure (AWVP) from a total of 760 overwintering tri‐colored bats at 18 caves and 44 culverts. Using linear mixed models analysis, we found that variation in bat microclimate temperatures was best explained by external temperature and distance from nearest entrance in both caves and culverts. External temperature had a greater influence on microclimate temperatures in culverts than caves. We found that variation in microclimate AWVP was best explained by external temperature, distance from nearest entrance, and proportion from entrance (proportion of the total length of the roost from the nearest entrance) in culvert‐roosting bats. Variation in microclimate AWVP was best explained by external temperature and proportion from entrance in cave‐roosting bats. Our results suggest that bat microclimate temperature and AWVP are influenced by similar factors in both artificial and natural roosts, although the relative contribution of these factors differs between roost types.

Interaction of abiotic factor on soil CO2 efflux in three forest communities in tropical deciduous forest from India.

Environmental factors along with soil physico-chemical properties play a significant role on the diurnal trend of soil CO2 efflux. Soil CO2 efflux in Indian tropical forests is poorly studied. We studied the soil CO2 efflux in a representative tropical deciduous forest at Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), Uttar Pradesh. The three forest communities namely dry mixed (DMF), Sal mixed (SMF), and Teak plantation (TPF) were selected for measuring soil CO2 efflux in the summer season during April to May 2017 using automated LI-COR 8100 soil CO2 flux system. Soil physico-chemical parameters were also studied in the three abovementioned forest communities. We also measured the different microclimatic variables at forest understorey in all three communities during the summer season. Total day time soil CO2 efflux of 826.70, 1089.24, and 828.94 (μmolCO2 m-2d-1) was observed in TPF, SMF, and DMF respectively. Soil CO2 efflux observed significant differences (P < 0.01) among the three forest communities studied for the summer season in tropical deciduous forest of Terai Himalaya. Average soil CO2 efflux rate (μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) of 4.06 ± 0.36, 5.03 ± 0.45, and 4.37 ± 0.79 was observed in TPF, SMF, and DMF, respectively, which is positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) and water holding capacity (WHC) among soil physico-chemical variables. Among microclimatic variables, soil temperature (ST, °C) and air temperature (AT, °C) observed strong positive correlation with day time soil CO2 efflux in all three communities. Significant increase in soil CO2 flux was observed with increasing air and soil temperature (AT and ST) in DMF and SMF. Maximum TOC of 19.23 g Kg-1 was observed in SMF among all communities in the summer season. The result showed that soil CO2 efflux is closely associated with TOC, WHC, AT, and ST for Indian deciduous forest ecosystems.

Monitoring the Indoor Air Quality and Microclimate for Improving Passenger Health and Comfort Level in Bucharest Subway Platforms

This paper presents the results of the air quality by the content of CO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10 and the microclimate (temperature and relative humidity) monitoring campaign, in Bucharest underground transport network. The monitoring was performed using both manual and automatic data acquisition systems. All the acquired data were stored in a specific database system used for fast reporting and alarming. GIS software was used to precisely locate the exterior air intakes for selected stations in order to know the quality of the exterior air circulated through them and for finding the best position for new ones. The research was conducted on different station platforms, belonging to the same line, in the Bucharest subway system throughout a year (2015) in order to improve air quality and comfort level of subway stations. The obtained results will serve as basis for improving the air quality and comfort level in the new long subway lines designed and built now in Bucharest.

Monitoring the Indoor Air Quality and Microclimate for Improving Passenger Health and Comfort Level in Bucharest Subway Platforms

This paper presents the results of the air quality by the content of CO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10 and the microclimate (temperature and relative humidity) monitoring campaign, in Bucharest underground transport network. The monitoring was performed using both manual and automatic data acquisition systems. All the acquired data were stored in a specific database system used for fast reporting and alarming. GIS software was used to precisely locate the exterior air intakes for selected stations in order to know the quality of the exterior air circulated through them and for finding the best position for new ones. The research was conducted on different station platforms, belonging to the same line, in the Bucharest subway system throughout a year (2015) in order to improve air quality and comfort level of subway stations. The obtained results will serve as basis for improving the air quality and comfort level in the new long subway lines designed and built now in Bucharest. Keywords: indoor microclimate, air quality monitoring, data acquisition systems, temperature-humidity index, Geographic Information System

The effect of a cold environment on sleep and thermoregulation with insufficient bedding assuming an emergency evacuation

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a cold environment on sleep, thermoregulatory responses, and subjective sensations during sleep in winter using disaster relief blankets (Blankets) and ordinary futons (Futon). The clo insulations of Blankets and Futon were 1.3 clo and 3.1clo respectively, measured using a thermal manikin in advance. The average air temperature in the gymnasium before going to bed was 5.9 °C, while at dawn it was 3.6 °C. The sleep efficiency index, which was measured by actigraphy, decreased significantly in the first night when using Blankets (85%) compared to Futon (94%). The average microclimate temperature between the human body and the bedding was 21.4 °C for Blankets and 23.5 °C for Futon. The mean skin temperature was significantly lower for sleeping times using Blankets (32 °C) than when using Futon (32.8 °C). However, no significant differences in rectal temperature and heart rate were found between the Blankets and Futon. After sleep, the participants felt significantly colder for whole body and upper body when using Blankets than Futon. Sleeping in a low temperature environment using insufficient bedding such as a disaster blanket significantly lowers the mean skin temperature by decreasing skin temperature at the distal end and back. Especially, regarding the first night of an emergency evacuation, it became clear that even in healthy young men, sleep was disturbed in low temperature environments.

THERMOPHYSİOLOGİAL COMFORT PROPERTİES OF DİFFERENT CLOTHES AFTER AN ACTİVİTY PERİOD

In this study five different knitted sport clothes were tested in a wear trial test with ten men subject. After the activity, subjects were included in a rest period of 20 minutes. In this period, microclimate temperature and relative humidity values were measured with a datalogger from four body regions (chest, abdomen, back and waist). The results showed that the lowest waist microclimate temperature value was seen in TS tencel single jersey fabric like the other three body regions. On the contrary to chest and back regions, the abdomen microclimate temperature values increase during the relaxing period. Also the lowest microclimate temperature values were seen in abdomen region. On the other hand the highest microclimate relative humidity values were seen in abdomen region ( 93-96 %).

Indoor air quality of museums and conservation of textiles art works. Case study: Salacea Museum House, Romania

The present paper is analyzing the quality of the air (temperature, humidity, light, contamination with fungi) inside the Museum House from Salacea, Bihor county, and the influence of such factors on textile materials that are exposed inside it in the context of the need to protect the heritage elements and in order to diminish the risks related to human health: the inhabitants, the tourists, museographers and all those who have access to the interior. Monitoring of the temperature and humidity was carried out between 03.06.2018 and 02.07.2018 and we used the thermo-hygrometer with data function logger KlimaLogg Pro (seven sensors), and for other analyzed parameters: Luxmeter data logger Extech SDL400 Oxygen meter Extech SDL150. The fungal contamination was determined using Koch sedimentation method. Due to the fact that the low temperature together with the high air humidity of the ambient environment stimulates the formation of microorganisms and mold and high temperatures can dehydrate the fibers by diminishing their strength and decreasing their elasticity, therefore it is necessary to maintain the standard micro climate of temperature and humidity inside the museum house.