Microbiological Preparations Research Articles

CONTAMINATION OF SEEDS AND PLANTS OF WHEAT WITH PHYTOPATOGENES OF FUSARIUM GENUS, METHODS OF RECOVERY

Widespread production of grain crops and rejection of classical tillage technology have led to a noticeable increase of harmfulness of phytopathogens. First of all, this appertains to facultative parasites with a wide specialization - Bipolaris spp., Fusarium spp., as well as to secondary fungi from Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp. genera and others. There is a simultaneous change of dominance in microbial community of seeds obtained in the Trans-Urals. Fungi of Fusarium spp. genus occupied the leading place among the most harmful pathogens, placing Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem. to the background. F. oxysporum (Schleht) Snyd, F. graminearum Schwabe, F. sporotrichoides Sherb are most spread on spring wheat, both in the tillering phase and at milk-wax stage of grain ripeness. The abundance and diversity of species was significantly higher in the tillering phase than when counted at the end of the vegetation season. To reduce the spread and development of any phytopathogen, it is necessary to apply a set of measures. One of the most effective measures is pre-sowing disinfection of seeds. However, the proposed preparations are not all equally effective in suppressing the development of the fungus of Fusarium spp. genus. During the experiment, it was found that seed treatment fungicides from the class of benzimidazoles - Zim (carbendazim), mixtures of active substances from the classes of triazoles with imidazole - HYIP (triticonazole + prochloraz), and also two triazoles - Oplot (difenoconazole + tebuconazole) were distinguished by high activity from 5.2 to 7.5 units. Application of a microbiological preparation (Bacillus subtilis), as well as its mixtures with a reduced application rate of a chemical disinfectant, showed the absence or low inhibition of fungus mycelium development.

Effects of various nitrogen fertilizers and the Extrasol biopreparation on the quality of garden strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) at fertigation with drip irrigation on soddy podzolic soils

Current approaches to land use and agricultural production are increasingly aimed at achieving high productivity through the use of crop rotation, siderites, integrated plant protection, minimized soil cultivation, microbiological fertilizers, and biological preparations. Modern microbiological preparations enhance the uptake of nitrogen and ash elements by plants, improving the rhizosphere of plants and the quality of strawberry fruit. Aim. To establish the effect of Extrasol applied using drip irrigation and various forms of mineral nitrogen fertilizers on the chemical composition of leaves and fruit of garden strawberry.Materials and methods. Garden strawberry plants of the Rusich and Troitskaya cultivars were treated with Extrasol and mineral fertilizers. Experiments were carried out in 2017–2020 at open-ground plots of the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Moscow Oblast). The experimental plots were characterized by soddy podzolic soils of medium-loam granulometric composition. Plant samples were analyzed using conventional methods. The experimental scheme consisted in the application of various nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, and ammonium sulfate) either in combination (2 mL/L of the working solution) or without Extrasol. Conclusions. In strawberry cv. Rusich, the use of ammonium nitrate increased the calcium content in plant leaves and decreased its content in fruit, which negatively affected the crop quality. Mineral fertilizers applied in combination with Extrasol increased the nitrogen content in leaves and fruit. The combined use of the amide form of nitrogen (urea) and Extrasol adversely affected the level of nitrates in cv. Troitskaya fruit. The use of fertigation and Extrasol reduced the amount of soluble dry substances in strawberry fruit.

Winter wheat grain production using organic farming technology

The influence of microbiological preparations on the soil fertility of leached chernozem and the productivity of winter wheat was studied. Treatment of seeds with preparations of various preparative forms (CE and powder) increases microbiological activity and balances the nutrient regime of the soil. When seedlings appeared, the number of ammonifying microorganisms in the studied variants was 126-185 % higher than the control variant. The introduction of drugs in the indicated dosage at the rate of 300 l/ha of the working solution further contributed to the growth of this group of microorganisms, they were 4-9 times higher than the number of bacteria in the control variant. Microbiological preparations increased soil fungistasis. The number of soil micromycetes decreased by 46-62 % during the entire growing season of wheat. The development of fungi of the genus Fusarium was also inhibited. Their number was an order of magnitude lower in the studied variants, compared with the control. Microbiological preparations, converting phosphorus and potassium compounds into an easily accessible form, contributed to an increase in the content of P2O5 in winter wheat crops, in the studied variants by 1.6-1.9 times, and K2O 1.3-1.6 times higher than the control variant. The yield of winter wheat on the variants of using biological preparations in 2021 exceeded the control variant by 6.5 and 12.4 %, and in 2022 by 7.3-10.2 %. The yield of winter wheat under the traditional technology of its cultivation practically did not exceed the options for using the studied preparations.

Bacterial Siderophores: Classification, Biosynthesis, Perspectives of Use in Agriculture.

Siderophores are synthesized and secreted by many bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants for Fe (III) chelation. A variety of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) colonize the rhizosphere and contribute to iron assimilation by plants. These microorganisms possess mechanisms to produce Fe ions under iron-deficient conditions. Under appropriate conditions, they synthesize and release siderophores, thereby increasing and regulating iron bioavailability. This review focuses on various bacterial strains that positively affect plant growth and development through synthesizing siderophores. Here we discuss the diverse chemical nature of siderophores produced by plant root bacteria; the life cycle of siderophores, from their biosynthesis to the Fe-siderophore complex degradation; three mechanisms of siderophore biosynthesis in bacteria; the methods for analyzing siderophores and the siderophore-producing activity of bacteria and the methods for screening the siderophore-producing activity of bacterial colonies. Further analysis of biochemical, molecular-biological, and physiological features of siderophore synthesis by bacteria and their use by plants will allow one to create effective microbiological preparations for improving soil fertility and increasing plant biomass, which is highly relevant for sustainable agriculture.

Оптимизация питательного режима озимой пшеницы

Abstract. Efficient and rapid decomposition of plant residues, and elimination of the negative impact of pathogenic microflora on the soil environment and the plant organism occurs due to fungi of the genus Trichoderma, which have phytoprotective and growth-promoting properties, have a high degree of decomposition of high-polymer components of plant residues. One of these drugs is Sternifag. The article presents the results of studies that determine the effectiveness of the use of the microbiological preparation Sternifag in the technology of cultivating winter wheat. The research was carried out at the Adyghe research institute of agriculture in the period 2017–2020 gg. on leached chernozem. As a result of the research, it was noted that the use of the Sternifag preparation increased the height of winter wheat, which was 37,4 cm in the booting phase (+39,6 % of the control) and 81,9 cm in the full ripeness phase (+8,9 % to control), the growth of biomass by aboveground organs and their accumulation of dry matter also increased. The inclusion of the Sternifag preparation in the winter wheat cultivation technology significantly increased the yield by 11,2 (low agrobackground) and 9,3 (high agrobackground) % in comparison with the options without its use. The maximum yield – 4,01 t/ha, was obtained on option 4 with the Sternifag preparation, on a high agricultural background. It was determined that the use of this drug in the cultivation of winter wheat improved the protein content in the grain, its nature, and vitreousness. At the same time, it slightly affected gluten and its quality, which determined the grain class, which corresponded to 5 on a low agricultural background, and 4 on other options.

Эффективность применения микроудобрений в агроценозах озимого рапса в условиях южной части Нечерноземной зоны

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of microbiological fertilizers in agrocenoses of winter rapeseed. The studies were carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of the Research Center "Agrotechnopark" of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education RSATU, Ryazan district of the Ryazan region. According to the results of research 2020-2022. the effectiveness of the use of microbiological preparations Ora Start, Azotovi, Phosphatovit and RauAktiv in the technology of cultivating winter rapeseed has been established. The yield on the control variant of the Mercedes hybrid was on average 2.39 t/ha, according to the variants with the use of the studied preparations, an increase in yield was also recorded, on average, by 3-15%, depending on the variant. Keywords: WINTER RAPE, MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS, HYBRID, VARIETIES, DARK GRAY FOREST SOIL, OVERWINTER, YIELD

APPLICATION OF EXTRASOL ON SOFT WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF KOSTANAI REGION

Studies have been carried out to determine the increase in the resistance of soft wheat variety Omskaya-36 to diseases from the use of the microbiological preparation Extrasol: 2020 - Kostanay district, I-II natural-climatic zone; southern chernozem, heavy loamy, soil solution reaction pH - 8.3, humus content 3.3%; 2022 - Karabalyk district, I-II natural and climatic zone; ordinary chernozem soil solution pH - 7.2, humus content 3.5%. To determine the effectiveness of the microbiological preparation Extrasol on the restraint of the spread and development of diseases, field plots were selected with annual sowing of spring wheat (monoculture).It was determined that the use of the microbiological preparation Extrasol reduced the suppression of the most common diseases in the conditions of the Kostanay region on spring wheat, and timely treatment made it possible to block the development of pathogenic diseases, which ensured the further development of plants.

Бактеріальні ендофіти пшениці та їхня роль у покращенні мікроелементного складу зерна

In sustainable agriculture, there is a tendency for an increased use of microbiological preparations, especially plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), that can supplement the phenotypic plasticity and adaptability of plants, stimulate their growth and development, increase resistance to stress. The endophytic PGPB could be a promising element of technologies for the improvement of mineral nutrition and promotion of growth and yield of wheat (Triticum spp.). They are transferred to the plant by a horizontal, from the environment (rhizosphere, phyllosphere), or a vertical, from the seeds (from generation to generation), way. The growth-promoting effect of endophytes is mediated by the synthesis and secretion of phytohormones and secondary metabolites as well as their ability to absorb N2, suppress the development of bacterial and/or fungal phytopathogens; improve mineral nutrition. The review elucidates current data on the presence of bacterial endophytes in various organs of wheat plants and their characterization as potential PGPB. Data on the most common genera of bacterial endophytes of wheat (Bacillus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Kosakonia, etc.) are presented, and their influence on plants is described, in particular, the effect on the absorption of micronutrients important for plants and humans such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), resistance to stress factors and growth. The varietal differences in the wheat endophytic microbiome are noted. An increased micronutrient absorption and assimilation assisted by the bacterial endophytes are associated with the changes in endogenous auxins and ethylene, the release of organic acids, siderophores, indirect activation of metal transporters, etc. The mechanisms underlying plant growth stimulation are complex due to interactions between a microorganism and the whole plant microbiome and their changes during the plant ontogenesis. The analysis of the published data confirms the need for further studies of the species composition and mechanisms of interaction of endophytic PGPB to develop new strategies for improving mineral nutrition of wheat and trace element biofortification of grain. It is a feasible and promising technology of the future to overcome the problems of hidden hunger and provide quality food products to the world population with available resources and a reduced negative impact on the environment.

Parameters of acute toxicity and sensitizing properties of a microbiological preparation based on L. acidophilus IV138 and B. subtilis GA24 strains

This article presents the results of a study of the parameters of acute toxicity and sensitizing properties of a microbiological additive based on probiotic strains L. acidophilus IV138 and B. subtilis GA24 on White Wistar rats and White Giant rabbits. The acute toxicity class of the prototype feed additive was established in accordance with the fundamental document OECD Test № 423 “Acute Oral Toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method” (2001). The evaluation of the irritating properties of the microbiological preparation was carried out by the method of skin applications and using the test conjunctival test. The research results showed that the probiotic preparation does not have acute toxicity when administered orally to warm-blooded animals, sensitizing properties in the conjunctival test and skin application. According to the results of experimental studies, the feed additive containing L. acidophilus IV138 and B. subtilis GA24 strains is classified as a low-hazard product.

Immobilized Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 in Naproxen Degradation.

Immobilization is a commonly used method in response to the need to increase the resistance of microorganisms to the toxic effects of xenobiotics. In this study, a plant sponge from Luffa cylindrica was used as a carrier for the immobilization of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 strain since such a carrier meets the criteria for high-quality carriers, i.e., low price and biodegradability. The optimal immobilization conditions were established as a temperature of 30 °C, pH 7.2, incubation time of 72 h, and an optical density of the culture of 1.4. The strain immobilized in such conditions was used for the biodegradation of naproxen, and an average rate of degradation of 3.8 µg/hour was obtained under cometabolic conditions with glucose. The obtained results indicate that a microbiological preparation based on immobilized cells on a luffa sponge can be used in bioremediation processes where it is necessary to remove the introduced carrier.

The production process of peas (Pisum sativum L.) under the influence of Ryzohumin and biostimulants in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Soil fertility deterioration and crop resistance weakening are among the undesirable consequences of the agricultural production intensifcation. The use of microbiological preparations and biostimulants complexes in the crops cultivation technology stimulates their growth processes, optimizes mineral nutrition, increases yields in adverse conditions. The paper aims to study the features of separate and joint influence of microbiological preparation Ryzohumin and biostimulants (Stimpo, Rehoplant) on growth, development, photoassimilating apparatus and yield formation processes in peas of Devis variety in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. During the experiment, the number of root nodules was calculated, the leaf area index, the content of chlorophyll were determined, and the netto-photosynthesis productivity was calculated. The structural elements of the biological productivity of pea crops were recorded. It was established that the joint effect of Ryzohumin with biostimulants (Stimpo, Rehoplant) increased the number of root nodules on pea plants at different stages of the vegetation. The tested preparations increased the leaf area index of pea crops at maximum in 1.5 times during vegetative growth and in 1.6 times during generative development. The combined use of Ryzohumin with biostimulants allowed to form a larger area of the pea plants leaf surface than when was used in separate application. In the case of joint interaction of Stimpo with Ryzohumin, the productivity of nettophotosynthesis at the phase of 5–6 stipules-budding exceeded by 21–27 % and at the phase of flowering-bean formation exceeded by 7–14 % the best option with separate use of preparations. The use of Ryzohumin, Stimpo and Rehoplant resulted in an increase in the number of beans on plants by 22 %, 4 % and 11 %, respectively, and compared to the control. The obtained biological yield of peas under combined application of Ryzohumin with Stimpo exceeded by 12–14 %, and Ryzohumin with Rehoplant – by 6–11 %, comparing with the yield of pea crops, where the studied preparations were used separately. The obtained data confrm the future perspective to research of the pea crops productive processes under the influence of biological preparations. Key words: peas, biostimulator, Ryzohumin, Rehoplant, Stimpo, photoassimilation apparatus, yield.

The effect of modified mineral fertilizers on the productivity of agrobiogeocoenoses

Due to the long-term use of the soil as a resource, the natural balance of microorganisms necessary for the normal functioning of the plant is disrupted. The trophic structure of agrophytocoenoses is unstable, the circulation of substances in them is incomplete, it requires regulation fertilization to restore fertility. Mineral fertilizers as an important component of agriculture, which determines the yield and quality of products, are not fully absorbed by plants. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of a modified mineral fertilizer (nitroammophoski NPK = 171717) by Bacillus subtilis H13 bacteria, when cultivating carrots of the Abaco variety. The results of the effectiveness of biomineral fertilizers on salty light chestnut soil in combination with salts with a heavy granulometric composition, in the agrocoenosis of carrots in the conditions of the Volgograd Region are presented. The effect of biomineral fertilizer has shown a high effect and can be considered as a method of complex biologization of crop cultivation technology in agriculture of the Russian Federation. The essence of the reception is the processing of mineral fertilizer granules with a microbiological preparation BisolbiFit. This technique makes it possible to form stable agrobiogeocoenoses by improving the growth conditions, accelerating the development of plants. The use of biomodified mineral fertilizer, improving the mineral nutrition of plants, allowed to obtain an increase in the yield of carrots 35,4%. It also helped to improve the quality of root crops the sugar content increased by 35,2 mg/g of raw mass.

Camelina seeds yield depending on the use of different preparations and sowing dates in the north of Kazakhstan

The results of a field experiment on the effect of microbiological and chemical plant protection agents on the productivity of camelina seeds are presented. The preparations (seed treatment before sowing was made with Extrasol, during vegetation - with insecticide Proteus and fungicide Pictor) were studied against the background of different sowing dates (15-20 May; 25-30 May). As a control, the version without the use of drugs was investigated. The field experiment was laid in quadruple repetition, the plot area was 63 m2. The seeding method is row seeding with a seeding rate of 6.0 million germinating seeds/ha. The forecrop is the 1st wheat after fallow. The work was carried out in 2018-2020 in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The object of the study are the seeds and plantings of camelina Isilkulets variety. The soil of the site is chernozem, humus content - 2.50-3.89 %, nitrogen - 30.80-81.20 mg/kg, phosphorus - 11-30 mg/kg, potassium 620-770 mg/kg. The seeds were treated with Extrasol solution at the rate of 2 l (10 l of working solution)/t of seeds on the day of seeding. The optimal seeding date for camelina (May 25-30) and the optimal combination of preparations with seed treatment and spraying of crops with fungicide are recommended. The duration of the growing season of camelina in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan was revealed, which averaged 72-81 days. High productivity was noted with the microbiological preparation Extrasol (seed treatment) and spraying of crops with fungicide Pictor (11.5-16.0 c/ha). A significant (LSD05 = 0.52) increase in seed yield was 0.77 t/ha. It was found that abundant rains during the growing season contribute to increased development and spread of diseases (fusariosis: R = 14.3-21.5 % and P = 27.5-86.4 %; alternariosis: R = 14.3-20.6 % and P = 25.2-84.3 %).

Integrated protection of the Galega orientalis on sod-podzolic soil

Relevance. The Galega orientalis, growing in one place for many years in a row, accumulates many different diseases and insect pests in its agrobiocenosis and the seed productivity of the crop decreases, so comprehensive protection of crops is relevant.Methods. The accounting platforms were laid on the experimental field of the Vologda State Agricultural Academy in 2012 on the Gale variety. The soil of the site is sod-slightly podzolic, medium loamy, with a capacity of the arable horizon of 20-22 cm and a humus content of 2.6%. Observations of diseases and pests were carried out during the entire growing season of the Galega orientalis from May to September once a decade. The collection of insect pests was carried out with an entomological net, based on samples in 10 strokes, which corresponded to the density of insects per 1 m2.Results. Diseases such as peronosporosis, powdery mildew and rust with an average number of 5-9 specimens per 1 m2 were detected on Galega orientalis. The pests were dominated by nodule weevils of the genus Sitona, clover seed eaters of the genus Apion and grass bugs, with a number of more than 10 specimens per 1 m2. The integrated protection of Galega orientalis included weeding of experimental plots from weeds, spraying of crops from diseases in the phase of regrowth of the Galega orientalis with a fungicide — Falcon with a consumption rate of 0.6 l/ha and from pests in the budding phase of the culture — with a microbiological preparation Bitoxibacillin with consumption rates of 2, 3 and 4 kg/ha. A sufficiently high efficiency of the fungicide Falcon, CS (suspension concentrate) with a consumption rate of 0.6 l /ha — 80.9-91.7% — was established. The efficiency of Bitoxibacillin with a consumption rate of 4 kg/ha was 89.5-92.5%.

Integrated protection of the Galega orientalis on sod-podzolic soil

The Galega orientalis, growing in one place for many years in a row, accumulates many different diseases and insect pests in its agrobiocenosis and the seed productivity of the crop decreases, so comprehensive protection of crops is relevant. The accounting platforms were laid on the experimental field of the Vologda State Agricultural Academy in 2012 on the Gale variety. The soil of the site is sod-slightly podzolic, medium loamy, with a capacity of the arable horizon of 20–22 cm and a humus content of 2.6%. Observations of diseases and pests were carried out during the entire growing season of the Galega orientalis — from May to September once a decade. The collection of insect pests was carried out with an entomological net, based on samples in 10 strokes, which corresponded to the density of insects per 1 m2. Diseases such as peronosporosis, powdery mildew and rust with an average number of 5–9 specimens per 1 m2 were detected on Galega orientalis. The pests were dominated by nodule weevils of the genus Sitona, clover seed eaters of the genus Apion and grass bugs, with a number of more than 10 specimens per 1 m2. The integrated protection of the eastern goat patch included weeding of experimental plots from weeds, spraying of crops: from diseases in the regrowth phase of the eastern goat patch — with the fungicide "Falcon" with a consumption rate of 0.6 l/ha, from pests in the budding phase of the culture — with the microbiological preparation "Bitoxibacillin" with consumption rates of 2, 3 and 4 kg /ha. A sufficiently high efficiency of the fungicide "Falcon", CS (suspension concentrate) with a consumption rate of 0.6 l/ha — 80.9–91.7% has been established. The effectiveness of the drug "Bitoxibacillin" with a consumption rate of 4 kg / ha was 89.5–92.5%.

The “Doctor Robik 109” complex biopreparation as a bioagent for utilizing aquatic plant phytomass in biofuel cells

The paper demonstrates the possibility of using the “Doctor Robik 109” complex microbiological preparation (OOO VIPEKO, Russia), applied in cesspools and sewage caissons, for obtaining electric current in biofuel elements during the utilization of the Ulothrix sp., Spirogyra sp., Elodea canadensis aqueous plant phytomass. The kinetics of electrical parameters of the studied biofuel cells was characterized by a steady and prolonged growth – for at least 30 days. This may be associated with the slow transformation of the used substrate by microorganisms, which additionally ensures the long-term operation of biofuel cells on their basis. In Spirogira sp. biofuel cells, the biological preparation generated the voltage (broken circuit mode) and current strength (short circuit mode) equal up to 746mV and 1745 A, respectively. In Ulothrix sp. biofuel cells, these values comprised 360 mV and 1120 μA for a 25-day period, respectively. When using a E. canadensis substrate, the studied bioagent microorganisms generated the voltage and current of up to 643 mV and 568 μA during a 25-day period, respectively. An increase in the electrical parameters of biofuel cells, which were based on the studied biological preparation and the phytomass of higher aquatic plants and algae, was accompanied by an increase in the number of viable microorganism cells and a decrease in the plant biomass. Since phytomass growth is activated by the phytoremediation measures of additional wastewater treatment or during the eutrophication of water bodies, the proposed method for applying aquatic plants in biofuel cells represents a promising approach to utilizing excess phytomass.

Phytotoxicity of composts based on Surgut sewage sludge in closed ground conditions

The paper is devoted to the study of the toxicity of composts based on sewage sludge in relation to radish seeds and seedlings, as well as earthworms. The most phytotoxic are the substrates of variant b - with the microbiological preparation Tamir and worms, the substrates of variant b - with Tamir (without worms) were less toxic, a weak toxic and even stimulating effect on the growth of radish roots was detected in the substrates of variant a - control, without worms and Tamir. Due to the high phytotoxicity, compost № 1, № 3, № 5 and № 6 are not recommended for use in crop production, and substrates № 2(a) and № 4(a) in connection with the identified stimulating effect can be recommended. Phytotoxicity of substrates may be related to their composition: food waste is present in the composition of toxic composts, and this component is not present in non-toxic composts. The decrease and increase in the biomass of worms in composts does not correlate with the revealed phytotoxicity and the composition of their mycobiota. Due to the low species diversity and abundance of cosmopolitan, toxin-forming and conditionally pathogenic fungal species in the structure of mycocoenoses of bioconversion substrates, it can be assumed that their maturation time is insufficient. With an increase in the incubation time of composts of a similar composition for more than 30 days, we predict a change in the structure of their mycocoenoses towards an increase in the species diversity of non-toxic saprotrophs, as well as cellulolytics of the genera Trichoderma and Chaetomium . The prospect of further research in this direction is the compilation of a collection of micromycetes of composts.

Урожайность сортов картофеля при использовании микроудобрений в условиях Рязанской области

The article presents a brief analysis of the productivity of potato varieties depending on the use of microbiological preparations in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Ryazan region. Field studies were carried out on the basis of the agrotechnological experimental station of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education RSATU in 2020-2021. The optimal biometric indicators of potato plants and the marketability of tubers by variety were obtained against the background of the treatment with Azotovit + Phosphatovit + RauAktiv. The best varieties were Red Scarlett, Koroleva Anna and Labella Comparative agro-ecological tests of modern potato varieties showed that the average yield by variety ranged from 11.9 t/ha to 19.4 t/ha, depending on the treatment option with microbiological fertilizers. At the same time, for all varieties, the yield indicator was not less than in the previously obtained research data conducted on the territory of the Russian Federation. The varieties Red Scarlett, Labella and Koroleva Anna turned out to be the most promising for cultivation in the Nonchernozem zone of the Ryazan region against the background of the treatment with Azotovit + Phosphatovit + RauAktiv. Keywords: POTATOES, VARIETIES, MICROFERTILIZERS, HARVEST STRUCTURE, PRODUCTIVITY, MERCHANTABILITY OF TUBERS

Microbiological fertilizers in cultivation technology of bulb onions in the conditions of the Middle Volga region

B The article discusses the use of microbiological preparations Azotovit and Phosphatovit on the productivity of onions of the Bessonovsky-mestny variety.

Application of Microbiological Preparations in the Cultivation of Agricultural Crops with the Aim to Reduce the Technogenic Load of Metallurgical Plants

One of the ways to solve the problem of technogenic pollution is to implement biotechnologies for agricultural lands. The study aims to assess the efficiency of microbiological preparations in the cultivation of potatoes near metallurgical plants in the south of Eastern Siberia. The research was conducted in 2015-2016 on three plots located near Shelekhov aluminum production plant. The Japanese preparation EM and the Russian microbial preparations Baikal EM1 and Fitosporin-M were used. The effect of biological products on plant protection from fungal diseases was observed only in 2015. The two-year application of Fitosporin-M increased the potato yield (by 13-22%) on cultivated alkaline soils; on weakly acidic soils, an increase in the yield (by 26%) was observed only in 2016. When applying EM preparations, a stable increase in the yield (14-22%) was observed on weakly acidic soils; on alkaline soils, an increase in the yield was observed in less than 50% of cases. In general, the stable yield enhancement was observed when applying Fitosporin-M on the alkaline soils. The effectiveness of the EM preparations depended on the agrophone and weather conditions.