Microbiological Preparations Research Articles

Features of the Formation of Saflor Productivity under the Influence of Additional Mineral Nutrition and Application of Growth Stimulates

Features of the Formation of Saflor Productivity under the Influence of Additional Mineral Nutrition and Application of Growth Stimulates

ВЛИЯНИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ, УДОБРИТЕЛЬНЫХ СОСТАВОВ, ОРОШЕНИЯ НА РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ КЛУБНЕЙ КАРТОФЕЛЯ

The purpose of the work is to identify effective factors, that reduce the spread of the complex of diseases on tubers and contribute to obtaining maximum potato productivity. It was revealed that the causative agents of ordinary scab and rhizoctoniosis had a similar reaction - their prevalence decreased with the use of fertilizers, growth regulators, but increased with the use of the studied microbiological preparations, as well as Maksim fungicide, due to the high ability of these pathogens to develop resistance. The prevalence of ordinary scab also decreased on irrigation, rhizoctoniosis - on irrigation against an increased background of fertilizers. It was revealed that the prevalence of dry rot, silver scab decreased with the use of microbiological preparations, Maksim fungicide, growth regulators and increased with the introduction of the studied fertilizer compositions. From the spread of dry rot, in addition, irrigation and a high fertilizer background were effective. The effectiveness of all biologically active preparations (Рсп 9-17%) is very high from the spread of silver scab on the dehydrator, but Maxim treatment (Рсп 25-35%) is more effective on irrigation. It was revealed that the prevalence of powdery scab decreased with the use of BAP, fertilizer compositions, and increased with an increase in the background of fertilizers. The spread of wireworm injuries decreased under the influence of most of the studied factors, increased with the introduction of Kalimag and treatment with Akvaring. KMG on drylands increases the prevalence of common scab, dry rot, wireworm. Organic and mineral fertilizer is distinguished by a stabilizing effect on the spread of common scab, dry rot and wireworm damage. The most comprehensive protection against damage to tubers by diseases and wireworms was provided by growth regulators with the properties of increasing the internal resistance of plants. It was revealed that a decrease in potato yield was accompanied by an increase in the spread of pathogens of common scab and rhizoctoniosis, powdery scab, and fusariosis. To obtain maximum potato productivity with minimal damage to tubers by diseases and wireworms, it is recommended to grow potatoes under irrigation against the background of fertilizers N100P120K120 with potato processing with a new generation growth regulator Zircon.

FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF SYMBIOTIC SYSTEMS OF SOYA – BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM FOR THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLEXES OF NANOPARTICLES OF CARBOXYLATES OF MICROELEMENTS

Objective. To study the effect of combined preparations based on highly active strains of Brad-yrhizobium japonicum and complexes of carboxylates of trace elements germanium, molybdenum, and ferrum on a symbiotic apparatus of soybean plants, in order to increase the efficiency of bacte-rial inoculants. Methods. Gas chromatography, microbiological, physiological. Results. The com-bination of a microbiological preparation based on efficient strains of nodule bacteria with complexes of nanoparticles of carboxylates Mo, Fe, Ge was found to promote the enhancement of nodulation activity, provide growth of mass of root nodules, activate the nitrogen-fixing activity of symbiotic soybean systems. When use the preparation combined with germanium and molyb-denum compounds, nitrogenase activity increases by 23–63 %, in combination with inoculum with germanium and ferrum nanocarboxylates — by 14–21 % depending on the phases of soybean or-ganogenesis. The complex application of biological and abiotic factors influencing the formation and functioning of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing systems contributes to the improvement of plant mor-phometric parameters and provides high yields of this crop. At the same time, it was established that germanium carboxylate complexes with molybdenum carboxylate, as well as germanium nanocarboxylates, should be used as effective stimulants for the formation of seed productivity of soybean plants and nitrogen-fixing activity of symbiotic systems created with their participation. In the experiment, soybean yield under the combination of B. japonicum with germanium and molyb-denum nanocarboxylates increased by 10 %, and by 13 % — under the complex application of bac-terial inoculum with germanium and ferrum carboxylate nanoparticles. Conclusion. Application of these complexes of nanocomponents in microbiological production technologies will allow plants to be supplied with additional nutritional elements, forming effective plant-microbial systems and ob-taining high and stable crops of environmentally safe food and feed protein.

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КАЧЕСТВА РАБОТЫ СКАРИФИКАТОРА СЕМЯН КОЗЛЯТНИКА

Based on the studies, a seed scarifier has been created that sequentially performs two operations – scarification and treatment with a microbiological preparation. The shape of the blades and their changing installation angle on a rotating disk allows to adjust the angle of contact of the seeds with the abrasive surface and thereby improve the quality of processing. The use of the developed device for scarification of Eastern galega seeds ensured highquality pre-sowing treatment of seeds. Compared with the existing scarifier, in the recommended range of disc speeds of 900...1100, the proposed scarifier showed a decrease in the degree of crushing of seeds by 0,2...0,4 %, an increase in the degree of scarification by 2...3 % and the degree of germination by 4...5 %.

The Effect of Microbial Preparations on Biological Activity of the Soil and Yielding Ability and Quality of Potato

The effectiveness of microbial preparations against the background of various doses of mineral fertilizers and without them was studied in two short-term experiments from 2015 to 2018. The goal of the present study was to increase the productivity and quality of potatoes by using full and reduced (by 30 and 50%) doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with various microbial preparations due to the biological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil and better digestibility of nutrients. In the field test of 2015–2016, when using mineral fertilizers (N45–90P45–90K60–120), the potato yield was 24.1–27.9 t/ha; the combination of N45P45K60 with preplant treatment of tubers using microbiological preparations Azolen, Agrinos 1, and Biocomposite-correct increased the yield by 27.6–28.5%, while biopreparations made it possible to increase the yield by 3.5–4.4 t/ha or 14.5–18.3%. In the field experiment (2016 and 2017–2018), the maximum potato yield (34.0–35.7 t/ha) was obtained using the Extrasol microbiological preparation both separately for preplant treatment of tubers and in combination with foliar spraying of Agrinos 2 and Extrasol against the background of a full dose of fertilizers (N90P90K90), while the increase caused by the biological component of the nutrition system was 6.5–8.2 t/ha or 23.6–29.8%. In the experiment with an NPK dose reduced by 30% in combination with Agrinos (N60P60K60 + Agrinos 1 + 2 (5 + 2.5 L/ha)), the yield level was 4.6 t/ha (17%) higher than that obtained with a full dose of NPK.

The recultivation of soils contaminated with oil using the vermiculture of earthworms and their probiotics

The recultivation technology for soils contaminated with oil in the concentration of 50 g/kg in Western Siberia with the use of microbiological preparation received from coprolites of earthworms Eisenia fetida and vermiculture of earthworms E. fetida, E. andrei, D. veneta was developed. The coprolites microflora composition of the earthworms E. fetida was studied. The microbiological preparation from coprolites of the earthworms was received. Microorganisms – oil destructors were isolated, which were used as the basis of the microbiological preparation “Muck” containing Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus careus, Bacillus mucoides, Bacillus thuringiens, Pseudomonas putida, CFU – 3.3*108. The following characteristics were determined: the remediation effectiveness for the soil contaminated with oil in the concentration of 50 g/kg when using the microbiological preparation “Muck” and earthworms E. fetida, E. Andrei and D. veneta.

The recultivation of the soils, contaminated with petrol and diesel fuel, with the help of earthworms Dendrobena veneta and the complex of microorganisms

The article investigates bioremediation efficiency of the soil contaminated with petroleum (20 to 60 g/kg) and diesel fuel (20 to 40 g/kg) with the help of earthworms Dendrobena veneta in the presence of bacteria Paenibacillus pabuli, Azotobacter vinelandii, Lactobacillus casei, Clostridium limosum, Cronobacter sakazakii, Rhodotorulla mucilaginosa, Cryptococcus albidus, eria, yeasts Saccharomyces, fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium, as well as Actinomycetales, all being components of biopreparation Baykal-EM. It was demonstrated that in oil-contaminated soil, the content of hydrocarbons decreased by 95 % after 22 weeks in the presence of worms and bacteria. The microbiological preparation introduction increased the earthworms’ survivability in oil-contaminated substrate. Microbiological preparation introduction improved the earthworms’ survival in contaminated substrate. The microbiological preparation introduction, therefore, allowed to use Dendrobena veneta for soil recultivation with higher oil concentrations that was impossible in the past. In petroleum-contaminated soil the content of hydrocarbons decreased by 97% after 5 months. The presence of the diesel fuel in the amount of 40 g per 1 kg soil had an acute toxic effect and caused the death of 90 % earthworm species in 14 days. Bacteria introduction enhanced the toxic effect of the diesel fuel and resulted in the death of 100 % earthworms after 7 days.

Studying the effect of preparation genesis on the organism of laying hens

The article presents data on the study of the influence of microbiological preparation Genesis on the organism of laying hens. The preparation Genesis is a complex of specially selected natural anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms of various species with strong enzymatic properties. The effect of Genesis on the organism of laying hens was studied by changing clinical, biochemical, and productive indicators. It has been established that the most effective doses of the Genesis are 1-2% of the total feed mass of birds. In assessing the clinical status of laying hens, we identified indicators of temperature, pulse and respiration within physiological values. The results of biochemical studies of blood serum of laying hens indicate a positive effect of Genesis on various types of metabolism, as well as on the functioning of such systems of laying hens as the musculoskeletal, urinary, digestive, nervous, etc. In addition, under the influence of the preparation, the morphological indices of chicken eggs and the efficiency of feed use are increasing.

Comparative Analysis of Electrogenic Activity of Complex Microbial Preparations in Microbial Fuel Cells

The ability of a variety of commercial microbiological preparations for local wastewater purification and recycling of various solid waste to generate electricity in a microbial fuel cell for disposal of various products was investigated. The dynamics of transformation of substrates, and various changes in the environment settings anolyte and catholyte in the process of the microbial fuel cell was studied.

Energy effi ciency research of fermentation media agitation in manufacturing microbiological plant protection preparations

Energy effi ciency research of fermentation media agitation in manufacturing microbiological plant protection preparations

ВЛИЯНИЕ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА РАЗЛОЖЕНИЕ СОЛОМЫ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЧЕРНОЗЕМНЫХ ПОЧВ КУРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The effect of microbiological preparations Gribophyt and Imunazot on microbiological activity of typical chernozem, winter wheat straw destruction and the yield of the succeeding crop of the crop rotation, i.e. sugar beet, was studied. It is found out that the treatment of straw with a bacterial-fungi complex (Gribophyt, 7 L/ha+Imunazot, 3 L/ha) after 90 days of exposing (August-October) increased microbiological activity of the soil by 16.4 %, facilitated 30.6 % of wheat straw destruction, or by 9.8 % higher than that in the control variant. The application of the bacterial-fungi complex (Gribophyt, 7 L/ha+Imunazot, 3 L/ha) for the straw treatment, and also for two-fold treatment of sugar beet in the phase of filling rows and in the phase of filling interrow spaces (Gribophyt, 3 L/ha+Imunazot, 3 L/ha) increased sugar beet yield by 4.3 t/ha in comparison with the yield in the control variant equal to 51.6 t/ha. The application of the bacterial-fungi complex Gribophyt+Imunazot when treating winter wheat straw and two-fold sugar beet treating was economically profitable and ecologically reasonable.

Влияние ростостимулирующих препаратов на продуктивность и экономическую эффективность нута в условиях светло-каштановых солонцеватых почв Астраханской области

Нут — сравнительно малоизученная зернобобовая культура для Нижнего Поволжья. Опыт многих фермерских хозяйств показывает, что даже в самые засушливые годы нут формирует экономически выгодный урожай зерна. Исследования проводили в 2014 – 2016 гг. в условиях севера Астраханской области. Определена эффективность внекорневых подкормок стимуляторами роста (Мегафол, Плантафол 10:54:10, Лигногумат) нута в различных фазах развития растений (ветвление, бутонизация, цветение), а также в предпосевной инокуляции различными микробиологическими препаратами для организации полноценного минерального питания. Представлен анализ экономической эффективности возделывания нута сорта Приво 1 с использованием различных ростостимулирующих препаратов. Наиболее экономически эффективными и рентабельными вариантами оказались варианты с обработкой микробиологическими препаратами (штамм Н-27) и стимуляторами роста (Мегафол + Плантафол) с урожайностью 1,51 и 1,53 т/га соответственно. Рентабельность производства по данным вариантам составила от 70,0 до 77,6 %, экономическая эффективность — 1,6 – 1,8 руб./руб. вложенных затрат.

Ways to increase soil fertility

Purpose. Improve soil fertility Ukraine. Methods. The scientific and practical concepts of the use of natural means for the industrial production of cheap organic fertilizers in real field conditions are used in the work. Results. By analyzing the results of scientific research and practical recommendations of agricultural producers, the real ways are recommendations are made for obtaining high quality organic fertilizers using inexpensive and natural ingredients. Conclusions. It is established that the deficit of organic matter in the soils of Ukraine, which was created due to landslide reduction of animal husbandry and natural manure, is quite realistically compensated by the use, of cheap natural materials such as peat, sapropels, siderates and vegetable residues, composting them in a stationary environment. with the use of microbiological preparations. The features of the technology of their use are identified and the necessary technical means. Keywords: organic fertilizers, peat, sapropels, siderates, plant residues, microbiological preparations, composts.

Микробиологический препарат «Доктор Робик 109» как биоагент для получения электрического тока в МТЭ при добавлении жиров

Микробиологический препарат «Доктор Робик 109» как биоагент для получения электрического тока в МТЭ при добавлении жиров

Characteristics of agricultural organic matter degrading bacterial isolates from different types of soil

A large amount of agricultural organic matter (AOM) comes into soil every day, through organic remains, and it is decomposed by bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes (Ugarkovic et al, 2011). The aim of this research was to select isolates of bacteria with the most organic matter degrading potential, by isolating the bacteria from five different types of soil. Isolation of bacteria was conducted from five types of soil - luvisol, cambisol, chernozem, forest land and meadow. Characterization of bacterial isolates was conducted based on morphological, physiological and biochemical features. Isolates with the most organic matter degrading potential could be used in the near future for conceptualizing microbiological preparation.

Hematological and serum biochemical profile of broilers during treatment with Vetom 21.77

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a new microbiological preparation Vetom 21.77 containing spore-mycelial biomass of Duddingtonia flagrans on hematological and biochemical parameters of broilers. The drug was administered for 3 months. A total number of 105 five-day-old broilers (Hubbard F15) were allocated to four test groups, where birds received the preparation in doses of 2, 5, 50 and 300 µl/kg bodyweight, and a control group with no treatment. Blood samples were collected 1.5 and 3 months after the beginning of the experiment for biochemical and hematological analysis. According to the results obtained, administration of the microbiological drug was followed by positive changes in the immunity of treated broilers. The preparation seems to have stimulating effect on their metabolic processes. There was no negative effect of the drug on the physiological state of the birds. In the course of the experiment, neither disease indications, nor mortality were detected in the birds, excluding deaths caused by the required slaughter. There were no treatment-related allergic reactions, even at the highest daily dose, as exemplified by almost borderline low eosinophil levels observed in treated broilers over the study period. No clinically relevant results were detected in serum biochemical profile.

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ БИОФУНГИЦИДОВ В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЗАЩИТЫ СЛИВЫ ОТ КЛЯСТЕРОСПОРИОЗА

The article presents the results of experimental research of the biological efficacy of biological strains of fungi on the basis of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma lignorum against dominant disease of the plum-сlasterosporium to reduce the pesticide load and the quality of the harvest. Biological efficacy after four times of the use of microbiological preparations based on Bacillus subtilis was 82.7-90.4 %, in the application options Trichoderma lignorum was at the level of 83.4-92.5 %.

Single-cell biofuel element of simple construction from sanitary parts and testing of its work

A model of single-chamber biofuel cell from easily accessible sanitary components (sanitary tees for Sinikon internal sewage pipes and plugs to them) was developed and tested. It is characterized by low cost and easy assembly. As the bioagents the authors used, in particular, the individual strain Micrococcus luteus 1-I, isolated from the active sludge of the petrochemical plant. The proposed single-chamber biofuel cells, based on this strain for 96 hours of the experiment generated an open circuit voltage of up to 480 mV, the current strength was up to 1 mA. Promising bioagents for the developed design were commercial microbiological preparations for cesspools and septic tanks and for composting: biofertilizer “EM-Bio” (LLC “Primorsky EM-Center”, Vladivostok); means for cesspools and septic tanks “Doctor Robik” (LLC VIPEKO, Moscow); microbiological fertilizer “Baikal-EM” (OOO “EM-Kooperatsiya”, Moscow); microbiological preparation for eliminating odors and recycling “Won!” (IP Dugarova, D.C., Ulan-Ude). The voltage of the open circuit, which was generated in single-chamber biofuel cells’ commercial microbiological preparations, increased to 357 - 546 mV for 96 hours of the experiment. The short-circuit current was increased to 597 - 843 μΑ. The specific power of the single-chamber biofuel cells on the basis of all the bioagents, tested in the paper, was quite close and varied in the range 10.2 - 12.7 μW / cm2.

Biological reclamation of soils contaminated with fuel oil, using vermiculture earthworms Dendrobena veneta and microbiological preparations Baikal-EM, Tamir, Vostok

Biological reclamation of soils contaminated with fuel oil, using vermiculture earthworms Dendrobena veneta and microbiological preparations Baikal-EM, Tamir, Vostok

The Role of Microbiological Fertilizers and Green Manures in Increasing the Productivity and Quality of Potatoes

This paper presents the research results of three short-term experiments carried out in 2010–2017 on the impact of green manures and mineral and bacterial fertilizers on potato productivity. The purpose of the study was to increase the productivity and quality of potato tubers while reducing the anthropogenic load on the agrocenosis through the integrated use of binary green manures and lower doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with microbiological preparations. In a stationary field experiment (2010–2012) on leached chernozem, the maximum potato productivity (32.2–35.5 t/ha) was obtained using mineral fertilizers N45–90P60–120K60–120 in the crop rotation link oil radish + vetch–potato, while the efficiency of the treatment of tubers with the bacterial preparations Azotovit + Fosfatovit was 9.2–15.0%. In experiments on sod-podzolic soil, the yield increase from the microbiological preparation Agrinos for the potato cultivar Udacha in 2015 amounted to 12.4% along with higher content of starch and vitamin C in production. In the relatively moist 2016 and 2017, the yield increase in the midearly maturing cultivar Gala reached 8.5 t/ha or 24.5% to the mineral background level (N90P90K90). In the variant with a 30% reduced NPK dose and the use of Agrinos (N60P60K60 + Agrinos A + B (5 + 2.5 L/ha), the yield was 5.8 t/ha or 16.7% higher than with the full dose of NPK, and high starchiness and vitamin C content, excellent culinary qualities, and low levels of nitrates were also observed.