Micro-arc Oxidation Technique Research Articles

Multidynamic Osteogenic Differentiation by Effective Polydopamine Micro-Arc Oxide Manipulations.

IntroductionThe nanostructural modification of the oral implant surface can effectively mimic the morphology of natural bone tissue, allowing osteoblasts to achieve both proliferation and differentiation capabilities at the bone interface of the dental implant. To improve the osteoinductive activity on the surface of titanium implants for rapid osseointegration, we prepared a novel composite coating (MAO-PDA-NC) by micro-arc oxidation technique and immersion method and evaluated the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts on this coating.MethodsThe coatings were prepared by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique and immersion method, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for different coatings; the loading of PDA was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); the ion release capacity of the coatings was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); the interfacial bonding of the coatings was examined using nanoscratch experiment strength. The cytotoxicity of the coating was examined by live/dead staining kit; cell proliferation viability was examined by CCK-8 kit; adhesion and osteogenic effect of the coating were examined by immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR; osteogenic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase staining.ResultsThe surface morphology of titanium implants was modified by micro-arc oxidation technology, and a new MAO-PDA-NC composite coating was successfully prepared. The results showed that the MAO-PDA-NC coating not only optimized the physical and chemical properties of the titanium implant surface but also significantly stimulated the biological properties of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation on the coating surface.ConclusionThese results show that MAO-PDA-NC composite coating can significantly improve the surface properties of titanium implants and achieve a stable bond between implant and bone tissue, thus accelerating early osseointegration.

Investigation of anti-corrosion property of hybrid coatings fabricated by combining PEC with MAO on pure magnesium

• Novel hybrid coatings are prepared by combining PEC with MAO on pure magnesium. • PEC modified layers play a positive effect on improving corrosion resistance of PEC+MAO hybrid coatings. • PEC+MAO hybrid coatings can further enhance corrosion resistance of pure magnesium. Novel hybrid coatings on pure magnesium were prepared by combining plasma electrolytic carburizing (PEC) with micro-arc oxidation (MAO) to further enhance the anti-corrosion property in this paper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the micro-structure of the coatings, meanwhile, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were separately used to investigate the elemental as well as phase compositions of the coatings. The anti-corrosion property of the coatings was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curves as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The results show that PEC process is closely related with the effects of adsorption as well as diffusion of the activated carbon atoms, and it can provide a favorable pretreatment surface with predesigned chemical composition to obtain a new kind of phase, namely SiC with superior corrosion resistance and chemical stability, in the following PEC+MAO hybrid coatings. Meanwhile, PEC preprocessing also can afford an excellent micro-structure to increase the coating thickness as well as to improve the compactness of the PEC+MAO hybrid coatings. During the fabrication process of the PEC+MAO hybrid coatings, an overlapping phenomenon in regard to coating thickness can be observed instead of heaping up layer by layer. Compared with both single PEC surface modification layers as well as single MAO coatings, the PEC+MAO hybrid coatings exhibit more superior anti-corrosion property. Especially, the EIS data reveal that the PEC+MAO hybrid coatings can act as an effective protection system to provide relatively excellent long-range anti-corrosion protection. Note also that employing same MAO technique for both single MAO treatment as well as PEC+MAO combining procedure is the key to this research.

A Decade of Progress on MAO-Treated Tantalum Surfaces: Advances and Contributions for Biomedical Applications.

Micro-structured coatings with functional properties have been investigated due to a wide range of applications. It is known that micro-structures can play an important role in surface interactions determining the materials’ performance. Amongst the other materials, there has been an increasing interest in tantalum oxide (Ta2O5). This attention is mainly due to its variety of properties: biocompatibility and bioactivity; high dielectric constant; good thermal and chemical stability; excellent corrosion and mechanical resistance. Moreover, there is a wide range of applications in which the properties can be fitted. Furthermore, according to the final application, these properties can be enhanced or tailored through surface micro-structures manipulation. Due to this purpose, over the past decade, Ta surface modification by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) has been investigated mostly for biomedical applications. Therefore, this review focuses on Ta surface functionalization using the MAO technique. A clear understanding of the micro-discharge phenomena and the formation mechanism of a Ta2O5 anodic coating by MAO is supplied. The Ta2O5 coating morphology, topography, chemistry, and structure are explored, establishing their correlation with the MAO parameters. Additionally, an understanding of Ta2O5’s biological, mechanical, and electrochemical properties is provided and reviewed.

Improving structure and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings formed on aluminum alloy with the addition of La2O3

Abstract Ceramic coatings were prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy in electrolytes containing La2O3 particles using the micro-arc oxidation technique. The main work focuses on the microstructure, phase composition, elemental distribution and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings. The results showed that the addition of La2O3 increased the oxidation voltage and promoted the formation rate. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the quantity of discharge micropores decreased and the thickness increased, and thus, the microhardness increased. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the coatings mainly consisted of γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3 and SiO2. Electrochemical corrosion tests showed that the corrosion resistance of the coated sample with La2O3 increased greatly because the addition of La2O3 significantly reduced the micropores of the coating surface and made the coating thicker, smoother and harder. Hence, the addition of La2O3 can optimize the structure of the micro-arc oxidation coating and improve its corrosion resistance.

The Use of Cold Spraying and Micro-Arc Oxidation Techniques for the Repairing and Wear Resistance Improvement of Motor Electric Bearing Shields

Reliability is one of the most important requirements for electric motor installations. Bearing assembly is a common source of failure for most electric motors. One of the main reasons for such failures is the wear of the bearing seat of the end shield. This paper presents a combined technology for increasing the durability of the bearing bores of electric motor bearing shields made of aluminum alloys. The technological concept is that a worn-out end-shield bore is firstly restored by supersonic gas-dynamic spraying, and secondly, in order to improve anti-wear properties, it is strengthened by micro-arc oxidation. The adhesion of coatings has been studied, and the wear resistance of the formed coatings has been evaluated. Based on the performed studies, it can be assumed that the service life of the bearing assembly of an electric motor restored by gas-dynamic spraying with the novel technology of micro-arc oxidation in real operating conditions will increase on average by 3–4 times. The developed technology is recommended for repair, maintenance, or other technical services dealing with the restoration and hardening of worn-out parts.

Experimental study of feasibility of orange peel oil as a partial replacement for gasoline fuel in SI engine with and without MAO coated piston

The scope of this work investigates the feasibility of using orange peel oil (OPO)–gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine for the first time. Initially, fuel characterization of OPO is performed, and the fuel properties are reported. Subsequently, engine experiments were performed in a spark-ignition engine at a constant speed with different engine loads. Coating studies were performed by coating the engine piston based on the micro-arc oxidation technique with a view of improving the engine performances and emissions. Then, the in-cylinder combustion images were visualized using AVL visioscope software to justify and explain the experimental engine findings. The experimental engine results reveal that OPO10 (10% OPO + 90% gasoline) showed slightly lesser brake thermal efficiency and nitrogen oxide and higher hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions when compared to gasoline. With the increase in the fraction of OPO in the blend, the combustion is delayed, and the maximum net heat release is reduced due to unfavourable physical properties of OPO, such as increased boiling range and viscosity. With coating, the limitations with the physical properties of OPO are overcome as the prevention in heat losses favoured the combustion. The BTE of OPO10 with coated piston is comparable to that of gasoline without coated piston, whereas HC and CO emissions were lowered by 3.1% and 3.6%, respectively. In-cylinder combustion images showed that the diffusion flames are predominant for higher blends of OPO. With coating, the premixed combustion is improved in that OPO10 showed less diffusion fraction compared to gasoline. Overall, the fundamental flame investigation study justifies the experimental engine findings of the OPO fuelled SI engine.

Effects of Ba2+/Sr2+ ratio on the microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Ba x Sr(1−x)TiO3 films prepared by micro-arc oxidation

ABSTRACT BaxSr(1-x)TiO3 (BST) thin films are in situ deposited on a Ti matrix through the micro-arc oxidation technique, using a mixed aqueous solution of Ba(OH)2•8H2O, Sr(OH)2•8H2O and 0.05 M EDTA as the electrolyte. The influence of the Ba2+/Sr2+ ratio on the phase composition, microstructure and properties of the BST thin films is investigated. Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3, Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3, and Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3 thin films have a cubic phase, while Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 and Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films have a tetragonal phase. When the concentration of Ba2+ in the electrolyte surpasses that of Sr2+, the width of micro-arc holes and the surface roughness of the film grow as the Ba2+ concentration rises. Furthermore, the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of BST films are favorably connected with the surface morphology. When the Ba2+ concentration is 0.06 M, the film has the best compactness and smoothness. In addition, the highest capacitance and lowest dielectric loss are achieved.

The synergistic effect of Ag and ZnO on the microstructure, corrosion resistance and in vitro biological performance of titania coating

Surface coatings with the improved antibacterial capability and osteogenic activity are highly favoured for titanium (Ti)-based orthopaedic implants. Herein, Ag, Zn co-modified titania was synthesized using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) as Ag sources and ZnO NPs as Zn sources. The synergistic effects of Ag and ZnO additions not only result in the significant modification of their existing forms, but also promote the formation of two different types of CaP phases, namely Zn-incorporated dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) crystal and submicron-sized amorphous CaP phase deposition of porous appearance. Anti-corrosion, antibacterial and osteogenic experiments prove that the synthesis strategy of Ag, Zn co-modified titania provides a promising way for Ti-based bioceramic coatings for orthopaedic implants.

Investigations of structure and properties of layered bioceramic HA/TiO2 and ZrO2/Tio2 coatings on Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy by micro-arc oxidation

The aim study is to use the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique to enhance implant resistant against corrosion and biocompatibility. By applying a voltage of 300 V and a time of 15 min, the most popular structural titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-7Nb) has been utilized as the substrate. It has been demonstrated that anodic micro-arc oxidizing of titanium can create a reasonably thick and hard TiO2 coating, and that micro-arc oxidation at high PH can also produce a HA coating and ZrO2 integrated on the TiO2 layer's upper part. The coatings' morphology and microstructure were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractions (XRD). Potentiodynamic experiments in a Ringers solutions were used to assess the resistant of samples against corrosion. The findings suggest that bioceramic layered HA/TiO2 and ZrO2/HA must have excellent biochemical stability in the human body's corrosive environment.

Effect of copper additive on microstructure and anti-corrosion performance of black MAO films grown on AZ91 alloy and coloration mechanism

Black micro-arc oxidation (MAO) films on AZ91 alloy were successfully fabricated using MAO technique in a designed bath of silicate electrolyte with addition of colorant copper additive aiming to extend the application scope of magnesium and its alloys. It was found that the color of MAO films on AZ91 alloy changed gradually from white to black with the increasing copper ion concentration. The black color MAO films formed on AZ91 alloy may mainly be owing to the existence of CuO particulates in the porous outer layer. In addition, incorporation of CuO in the uniform and compact MAO films could significantly improve the anti-corrosion property of AZ91 substrate, thus effectively prevent the inward migration of corrosive medium. Copper additive concentration of electrolyte also affected the surface roughness of MAO films. The increase of copper additive concentration may result in an increase in the thickness and compactness of the black MAO films, and finally an enhancement in their corrosion resistance. Therefore, the MAO technique method coupled with silicate electrolyte containing copper additive was a promising surface modification technique for magnesium alloys.

Porous tantalum oxide with osteoconductive elements and antibacterial core-shell nanoparticles: A new generation of materials for dental implants

Implant surfaces with cytocompatible and antibacterial properties are extremely desirable for the prevention of implant's infection and the promotion of osseointegration. In this work, both micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and DC magnetron sputtering techniques were combined in order to endow tantalum-based surfaces with osteoblastic cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Porous Ta2O5 layers containing calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) were produced by MAO (TaCaP) to mimic the bone tissue morphology and chemical composition (Ca/P ratio close to 1.67). Furthermore, zinc (Zn) nanoparticles were deposited onto the previous surfaces by DC magnetron sputtering without or with an additional thin carbon layer deposited over the nanoparticles (respectively, TaCaP-Zn and TaCaP-ZnC) to control the Zn ions (Zn2+) release. Before osteoblastic cell seeding, the surfaces were leached for three time-points in PBS. All modified samples were cytocompatible. TaCaP-Zn slightly impaired cell adhesion but this was improved in the samples leached for longer immersion times. The initial cell adhesion was clearly improved by the deposition of the carbon layer on the Zn nanoparticles, which also translated to a higher proliferation rate. Both Zn-containing surfaces presented antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The two surfaces were active against planktonic bacteria, and TaCaP-Zn also inhibited sessile bacteria. Attributing to the excellent in vitro performance of the nanostructured Ta surface, with osteoconductive elements by MAO followed by antimicrobial nanoparticles incorporation by magnetron sputtering, this work is clearly a progress on the strategy to develop a new generation of dental implants.

Antibacterial and Osteogenic Functionalization of Titanium With Silicon/Copper-Doped High-Energy Shot Peening-Assisted Micro-Arc Oxidation Technique.

Antibacterial and osteogenic functionalization of titanium (Ti) implants will greatly expand their clinical indications in immediate implant therapy, accelerate osteointegration, and enhance long-term prognosis. We had recently shown that the high-energy shot peening (HESP)-assisted micro-arc oxidation (MAO) significantly improved the bioactivity and coating stability of Ti-based substrates. In this study, we further functionalized Ti with antibacterial and osteogenic properties by doping silicon (Si) and/or copper (Cu) ions into HESP/MAO-treated coatings. Physicochemical characterization displayed that the doping of Si and Cu in HESP/MAO-treated coatings (Si/Cu-MAO) did not significantly change their surface topography, roughness, crystal structure, coating thickness, bonding strength, and wettability. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that Si and Cu in the Si/Cu-MAO coating was in the form of silicate radical (SiO32–) and bivalent copper (Cu2+), respectively. The total amounts of Si and Cu were about 13.5 and 5.8 μg/cm2, which released about 33.2 and 31.3% within 14 day, respectively. Compared with the control group (MAO), Si doping samples (MAO-Si) significantly increased the cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and osteogenic genes (ALP, collagen I and osteocalcin) expression of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, the addition of Cu presented good bactericidal property against both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans (even under the co-culture condition of bacteria and MC3T3-E1 cells): the bacteriostatic rate of both bacteria was over 95%. In conclusion, the novel bioactive Si/Cu-MAO coating with antibacterial and osteogenic properties is a promising functionalization method for orthopedic and dental implants, especially in the immediate implant treatment with an infected socket.

Calcium Phosphate Coating Prepared by Microarc Oxidation Affects hTERT Expression, Molecular Presentation, and Cytokine Secretion in Tumor-Derived Jurkat T Cells.

Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials are among the best bone graft substitutes, but their use in the repair of damaged bone in tumor patients is still unclear. The human Jurkat T lymphoblast leukemia-derived cell line (Jurkat T cells) was exposed in vitro to a titanium (Ti) substrate (10 × 10 × 1 mm3) with a bilateral rough (average roughness index (Ra) = 2–5 μm) CaP coating applied via the microarc oxidation (MAO) technique, and the morphofunctional response of the cells was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) analyses showed voltage-dependent (150–300 V) growth of structural (Ra index, mass, and thickness) and morphological surface and volume elements, a low Ca/PaT ratio (0.3–0.6), and the appearance of crystalline phases of CaHPO4 (monetite) and β-Ca2P2O7 (calcium pyrophosphate). Cell and molecular reactions in 2-day and 14-day cultures differed strongly and correlated with the Ra values. There was significant upregulation of hTERT expression (1.7-fold), IL-17 secretion, the presentation of the activation antigens CD25 (by 2.7%) and CD95 (by 5.15%) on CD4+ cells, and 1.5–2-fold increased cell apoptosis and necrosis after two days of culture. Hyperactivation-dependent death of CD4+ cells triggered by the surface roughness of the CaP coating was proposed. Conversely, a 3.2-fold downregulation in hTERT expression increased the percentages of CD4+ cells and their CD95+ subset (by 15.5% and 22.9%, respectively) and inhibited the secretion of 17 of 27 test cytokines/chemokines without a reduction in Jurkat T cell survival after 14 days of coculture. Thereafter, cell hypoergy and the selection of an hTERT-independent viable CD4+ subset of tumor cells were proposed. The possible role of negative zeta potentials and Ca2+ as effectors of CaP roughness was discussed. The continuous (2–14 days) 1.5–6-fold reductions in the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor cells correlated with the Ra values of microarc CaP-coated Ti substrates seems to limit surgical stress-induced metastasis of lymphoid malignancies.

Analysis of performance, emission, combustion and endoscopic visualization of micro-arc oxidation piston coated SI engine fuelled with low carbon biofuel blends

The low carbon biofuel (pine oil) derived from the pine tree is endowed with enhanced fuel properties with good octane rating and can be used for SI engine applications. In order to operate pine oil blends with improved fuel efficiency, engine design modification is required. This work investigates the change reflected on the engine characteristics of the port fuelled SI engine due to a thin thermal barrier coating layer formed on the piston crown using the Micro-arc oxidation technique. Furthermore, an endoscopic visualization technique was adopted to compare the combustion flames of uncoated and coated piston engines fuelled with pine oil blends. The coated piston engine fuelled by pine oil blends displayed improved peak in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate. Among the pine oil blends, P20 (20% pine oil + 80% gasoline) blend showed superior engine characteristics at all engine load conditions. The brake thermal efficiency of the coated piston engine fuelled with the P20 blend was improved by 1.8% compared to the uncoated piston fuelled with gasoline. With the P20 blend, the CO, HC emissions were decreased by 8% and 14% respectively and NO emission was increased by 19% for coated piston when compared to gasoline with an uncoated piston engine.

Effects of electrolyte on micro-structure and properties of BaxSr(1−x)TiO3 films prepared by micro-arc oxidation

BaxSr(1−x)TiO3(BST) films are deposited on titanium substrate by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique under three electrolytes. The micro-structure and electrical properties of the BST thin films are analyzed and compared. The results show that the BST films obtained with these three electrolytes are all mainly composed of tetragonal BaxSr(1−x)TiO3. Compared with electrolyte without additive, both PVP30 and EDTA, as additive, significantly inhibit the growth of BST films, and the BST films become flat and dense. Moreover, the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of BST thin films are positively correlated with their micro-structure, and flat and dense BST film possesses good dielectric and ferroelectric properties. The residual polarization intensity of BST film prepared with the electrolyte involving PVP30 or EDTA is about 18 and 13 times of that of BST film prepared without additive, respectively.

Functionalization of pure titanium MAO coatings by surface modifications for biomedical applications

Titanium (Ti) and its alloy are commonly used in many fields such as dentistry or orthopedics metal transplants. However, the immune will attack the surface of implants when it implants in human beings and easily hampered by their biological inertia. The corrosion resistance and interaction with the implant with the tissue of the surface is the most critical topic for implant materials. In this study, a protective ceramic layer was coated on the surface of pure Ti by a Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. Then, using HMDSZ/O2 plasma treatment and active organic layer by UV light-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) were applied onto the organic silicon film to immobilize biodegradable polymer on the surface. Finally, the potential polarization dynamic test and Alamar blue cell viability assay were utilized to confirm the biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the surface. The experimental results show that the surface has improved corrosion resistance of the Pure Ti substrate, and the biocompatibility also reaches the requirements of the biomedical material.

Biodegradable Magnesium Bone Implants Coated with a Novel Bioceramic Nanocomposite.

Magnesium (Mg) alloys are being investigated as a biodegradable metallic biomaterial because of their mechanical property profile, which is similar to the human bone. However, implants based on Mg alloys are corroded quickly in the body before the bone fracture is fully healed. Therefore, we aimed to reduce the corrosion rate of Mg using a double protective layer. We used a magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy (AZ91) and treated its surface with micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique to first form an intermediate layer. Next, a bioceramic nanocomposite composed of diopside, bredigite, and fluoridated hydroxyapatite (FHA) was coated on the surface of MAO treated AZ91 using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. Our in vivo results showed a significant enhancement in the bioactivity of the nanocomposite coated AZ91 implant compared to the uncoated control implant. Implantation of the uncoated AZ91 caused a significant release of hydrogen bubbles around the implant, which was reduced when the nanocomposite coated implants were used. Using histology, this reduction in the corrosion rate of the coated implants resulted in an improved new bone formation and reduced inflammation in the interface of the implants and the surrounding tissue. Hence, our strategy using a MAO/EPD of a bioceramic nanocomposite coating (i.e., diopside-bredigite-FHA) can significantly reduce the corrosion rate and improve the bioactivity of the biodegradable AZ91 Mg implant.

Influence of Cr3+ Doping on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Performance of TiO2 Film Growing in Situ on the Surface of Ti Plate

The Cr3+ doped TiO2 films (Cr@TiO2) were prepared by in-situ growing on the pure Ti plate substrate in the electrolyte solution of Na3PO4 containing a certain amount of K2Cr2O7 using micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The Cr@TiO2 were characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD and DRS. The influence of Cr3+ doping amount on the morphology, structure and photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of Cr@TiO2 was studied. The characterization results showed that Cr3+ doping into TiO2 film not only affects the crystallinity of TiO2, but also affects the composition of crystal phase, and the maximum absorption edge of Cr@TiO2 reflects an obvious redshift, reaching around 650 nm of visible light with the increase of Cr3+ content. The Cr3+ doping was good for the improvement of photocatalytic performance. The Cr@TiO2 prepared under the condition of K2Cr2O7 adding amount of 0.29 g/L exhibited the highest rate of 0.378 mol/cm2•h

Morphological and structural features of micro-arc Zn-Si-containing calcium phosphate coatings

The initial studies of formation of the morphological and structural features of Zn-Si-containing calcium phosphate coatings during the Zn and Si co-substituted hydroxyapatite deposition on titanium substrate via micro-arc oxidation technique under the different applied pulsed voltages have been performed. With increasing of the applied voltage from 150 to 400 V the coating structure was transformed from X-ray amorphous state to crystalline-amorphous state with the growth of CaHPO4 phase amount from 58 to 87 vol%. In this case, the coating thickness had grown from 15 to 135 µm, and the surface morphology was varied with respect to the type, shape and size of the structural elements.

Osteogenesis regulation of mesenchymal stem cells via autophagy induced by silica-titanium composite surfaces with different mechanical moduli.

The high surface elastic modulus of the titanium (Ti) implant is one of the critical factors causing poor osteointegration between the implant surface and surrounding bone tissue. To address this challenge, spherical silica nanoparticles (SSNs) and spherical titania nanoparticles (STNs) with different sizes were synthesized and embedded into Ti surfaces via a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. There were no significant changes in the surface roughness and protein adsorption behaviors before and after the embedding of spherical silica nanoparticles and titania nanoparticles into the Ti implant. However, the surface elastic modulus of Ti-SSNs decreased from 93 GPa to 6.7 GPa, while there was still no change in surface elastic modulus between Ti and Ti-STN groups. In vitro experiments showed that Ti-SSNs, especially Ti-SSN3, significantly stimulated the expression level and nuclear localization of the transcription factor YAP. YAP/TAZ could further inhibit the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR proteins in MSCs, leading to higher LC3-II protein expression and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Ti-SSNs also showed a higher level of autophagosome formation, ALP activity and mineralization capability compared to the other groups. Our results showed that the surface elasticity modulus of an implant plays an important role in the regulation of MSC behaviors. Therefore, designing an implant with an optimal elastic modulus at the surface might have great clinical potential in the bone repair field.